Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Question
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1(a)(i) An answer that makes reference to two of the following:
organisms in correct order bamboodeertiger
arrows pointing in correct direction 2
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1(a)(ii) D (tertiary consumer) 1
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1(b)(i) An answer that makes reference to one of the following:
water is variable content
water does not contain biomass
energy is not passed on
water is not passed on 1
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1(b)(ii) A description that makes reference to four of the following:
place quadrat / grid areas
reference to random coordinates / method to generate random
coordinates
repeat
weigh bamboo in each quadrat
scale up mean mass per quadrat for whole area 4
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1(c) An explanation that makes reference to three of the following:
too little energy to support a higher level
energy is lost / wasted along food chain
(energy lost due to) indigestible food / faeces Accept biomass for energy for mark points
(energy lost due to) respiration / heat loss / movement 2,3,4,5
(energy lost due to) uneaten parts
3
Total for Question 1 = 11 marks
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2(a) B (lens, cornea, iris) 1
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2(b) An explanation that makes reference to four of the following:
ciliary muscles contract
suspensory ligaments go slack / less taut
lens forms (thicker / more spherical)shape
lens refracts light more A stronger lens / bends light more
onto retina. A fovea
4
Total for Question 2 = 5 marks
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Number
3(a)(i) An answer that makes reference to the following:
chloroplast Ignore chlorophyll
vacuole
cell wall 3
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3(a)(ii) C (protein synthesis) 1
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Number
3(b) An explanation that makes reference to four of the following:
many mitochondria
release energy / carry out respiration
for active transport
microvilli
large surface area
for rapid diffusion
examples include glucose, amino acids
(of) correct named substance 4
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Number
3(c)(i) C (prokaryotes) 1
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3(c)(ii) An answer that makes reference to two of the following:
osmosis occurs
removing water from blood / transferring water into ileum Accept prevent absorption of water
from a higher water potential to a lower water potential
Accept from dilute salt solution to more
concentrated salt solution 2
Total for Question 3 = 11 marks
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4(a)(i) A (left atrium, left ventricle, right ventricle, right atrium) 1
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4(a)(ii) An explanation that makes reference to two of the following:
prevents blood flowing backwards (into ventricle)
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when ventricle relaxes
maintains one-way flow of blood / more rapid blood transport
2
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4(a)(iii) volume of blood pushed out in one contraction =
120 cm3 – 50 cm3 = 70 cm3
volume of blood pumped in one minute = 70 x 70 = 4900 cm3 4900 (cm3) is 2 marks 2
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4(b)(i) borderline high blood pressure 1
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4(b)(ii) An answer that makes reference to six of the following:
most patients have blood pressure of 120–150 mm Hg Accept converse (fewer patients have very
proportion of patients with heart disease is higher when blood high or very low blood pressure)
pressure exceeds 150 mm Hg
all patients with a blood pressure of 200 mm Hg have heart
disease / have highest proportion of patients with heart disease
credit manipulated data (e.g. a calculation of percentage of
patients with heart disease for a blood pressure)
blood pressure of 100 has a higher proportion of heart disease
than 110 / 120 / 130 / 140 mm Hg
With high and low blood pressures, the survey is not reliable as
there are few patients
other factors may cause heart disease, e.g. smoking
the proportion of patients with heart disease and blood pressure of
6
180 mm Hg is lower than 170 mm Hg
higher blood pressure may be a symptom of heart disease not a
cause
140 mm Hg is classed as high blood pressure and the proportion
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with heart disease is low
people admitted to hospital are more likely to have heart disease /
high blood pressure than healthy people who are not in hospital.
Total for Question 4 = 12 marks
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5(a)(i) B (Q) 1
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5(a)(ii) A description that makes reference to the following:
fertilisation occurs here
transfers the egg / zygote / embryo to uterus 2
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5(b)(i) M labelled at start and at end
M
M
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5(b)(ii) F labelled after the oestrogen peak
O
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5(b)(iii) A description that makes reference to three of the following:
secondary sexual characteristics
pubic hair growth
start of menstrual cycle
pelvis growth
breast development
3
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5(c) An answer that makes reference to four of the following: Mark in pairs: two max for substances, two 4
max for functions
less glucose
(so) less respiration / energy
less calcium
less bone growth
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less oxygen
less respiration / energy
less vitamin D
less bone growth
less iron
less blood / haemoglobin
Total for Question 5 = 12 marks
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6(a)(i) time taken (for gelatine to be digested)
1
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6(a)(ii) An answer that makes reference to one of the following
surface area / volume / shape of gelatine
volume of pineapple juice / concentration of enzyme 1
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6(a)(iii) An answer that makes reference to two of the following:
water bath
use Bunsen burner to maintain temperature / add hot water /
thermostatic control
use thermometer to monitor 2
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6(b)(i) (S) linear scales on x and y axis so that graph covers at least 5
half of y axis
(L) points joined with straight lines
(A) labels on both axes (time taken / s & temperature / °C)
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(P) plots correct (+/− ½ square)
(K) key for both lines
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6(b)(ii) A description that makes reference to the following:
time taken decreases and then increases
ref to 40°C as the turning point 2
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6(b)(iii) An explanation that makes reference to the following:
increase kinetic energy (of enzyme and substrate) / faster
particle movement
increased collision frequency / formation of enzyme – substrate
complexes 2
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Number
6(b)(iv) An explanation that makes reference to two of the following:
change of shape of active site
enzyme denatures
enzyme can no longer bind (protein / substrate) 2
Total for Question 6 = 15 marks
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Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
7(a) An explanation that makes reference to the following:
a form of a gene
that only requires one copy to affect the phenotype 2
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7(b)(i) B (5) 1
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7(b)(ii) An answer that makes reference to the following:
parents identified as Tt and tt
gametes identified as T or t and t (or t) Accept T.E. for mark points 2, 3 and 4
F1 genotypes identified as Tt, Tt, tt and tt
probability of 0.5 / 50 & / ½ 4
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7(c) An explanation that makes reference to four of the following:
black fur acts as camouflage
easier to catch prey / avoid predators
more black jaguars survive
more black jaguars reproduce
pass on the (allele / gene) for black fur
repeated over several generations 4
Total for Question 7 = 11 marks
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8(a)(i) An explanation that makes reference to two from the following:
prevent other (microbes / bacteria / fungi)
(which would) compete and reduce yield
(which would) contaminate the product 2
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8(a)(ii) An explanation that makes reference to the following: 3
bacterial respiration releases heat
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which would denature enzymes
killing (bacteria / microbes)
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8(b)(i) calculation of the difference in number of bacteria (150 − 5 = 145) or (55 − 5 = 50)
calculation of the difference in rate of bacterial growth (145 / 18) − (50 / 18) = 5.3 g / hr
5.3 (g / hr) is 2 marks
2
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8(b)(ii) A description that makes reference to the following:
rate of growth / increase is same up to 6 hours
(with air inlet open) rate continues to increase / (with air inlet
closed) rate of growth levels off
2
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8(b)(iii) An explanation that makes reference to the following:
oxygen is present / aerobic conditions
for respiration Accept converse for inlet closed
releasing energy for growth
3
Total for Question 8 = 12 marks
Question
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9(a)(i) W: photosynthesis
X: respiration
Y: consumption / ingestion / eating
Z: decay / decomposition 4
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9(a)(ii) A description that makes reference to two from the following:
sea levels rise / icecaps melt / glaciers melt
climate change / extreme weather / forest fires
migration of species / effect on food chains / increased pests
loss of habitats / extinctions 2
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9(b) An explanation that makes reference to three from the following:
(plants grown) with and without copper / different
concentrations of copper
same species / age / mass of plant used
repeats are used (for reliability)
change in mass / height of plants / number of seeds that
germinate / number of leaves on plants measured
carry out over stated period (one week to six months)
provide plants with same water volume / light intensity
provide plants with same concentration of other mineral ions
6
Total for Question 9 = 12 marks
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10(a)(i) 22 1
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10(a)(ii) correct substitution of mean into formula √ ((2 × 18.4)/980) or √0.0375 or 0.19
correct calculation of square root (s) is 2 marks 2
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Question
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Number
10(b) An answer that makes reference the following:
neurotransmitters
are released in larger quantities / remain in synapse
making reaction time quicker 3
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10(c) A description that makes reference to three of the following:
(nervous system) has more specific effect Accept hormones have general effect
(nervous system) passes along neurones Accept hormones transported in blood
(nervous system) uses electrical impulses Accept hormones are chemicals
3
Total for Question 10 = 9 marks
Total for Paper = 110 marks
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