“THE ESTABLISHED LEADER IN EE REVIEW” LEGIT MULTIVECTOR Review and Training Center Ground Floor, Cuevasville Tower F. Cayco corner Earnshaw St. Sampaloc, Manila Tel. No. (02) 8731-7423SCALAR QUANTITIES LEGIT MULTIVECTOR REVIEW AND TRAINING CENTER VECTOR ANALYSIS - quantities which are completely specified when their magnitude are given. for example: speed, distance, work, volume, mass, specific heat, gravitational potential, time, etc. VECTOR QUANTITIES = quantities which require both magnitude and direction in order to be completely specified for example: velocity, displacement, momentum, weight, torque, centrifugal force, electtic field intensity, etc. VECTOR REPRESENTATION : a. Graphically for example, ov? length - represents the magnitude arrowhead ~ represents the direction UNIT VECTOR : = is a vector having unit magnitude. Cartesian Unit Vectors i, j, kin 3D-spact where: i, j. and k are unit vectors in the direction of increasing value of x, y, and z respectively Note: b. Analytically: for example, vector A can be represented as A or A. Note: —Kis a vector having the same magnitude as A but opposite in direction Vector in 3D-space : (se As) y Anke xe ad A= AVL Ag) + Agk = < Ay A, Ay > where: A1, Ac, Ae are scalar components of A. Ai, Aa}, Ask are vector components of A 1. Zero or Null Vector — it has zero magnitude and direction is undefined or no specific direction. 2. Equality of Vectors ~ two vectors are equal if and only if their corresponding components are also equal, Voter Analysis Page |Magnitude or length of Ais denoted by [Al or A. soo Ay? +2? + As? q + {al Position/Radius Vector LEGIT MULTIVECTOR REVIEW AND TRAINING CENTER VECTOR ANALYSIS Unit Vector in the direction of A is denoted by 3, A Agi + Aaj + Ask aso eo \A\ a Ag? + As? = any vector starts from the origin which is usually represented by + raxisyj+zk Irl= Laws of Vector Algebra : Very ae tA, B, and C are vectors and m and n are scalars, then : 1. AsB=B+A 2. A+ (B+C)=(A+B) +e 3. mA=Am Multiplication of Vectors : |. DOT OR SCALAR PRODUCT By definition, B = |A||B| cos 0 where @ — smaller angle between A and B seen Important Laws (Dot Product) : 1. AsB=B+A 2. Ae(B+C)=A+B+AcC 3. m(A+B) = (mA) +B = A+ (mB) =(A+B)m where mis a scalar and k are orthogonal (1) cos 90 j=Kek=(1)(1) cos 0° 4. minAj=(mn)A 5. (men)A=mA+ nA 6. m(A+B)=mA+mB a, 5. HA=Aii+ Adj + Ack and B = Bii + Boj + Bok Then A+ B= AsBy + AoBe + AsBo 6. A+ A= As(As) = Rolfe) + AnlAs) SAP APs Ag = JAP also, B+ B = By(B:) = Bo(B2) + Ba(Bs) = Bi? + Be + Bs? = [BI 7. HA+B=0, where A and B are not null vectors, then A and B are perpendicular Vector Analysis Page |2LEGIT MULTIVECTOR REVIEW AND TRAINING CENTER VECTOR ANALYSIS ‘Sample Application of Dot Product Scalar Projection of B unto A (Sproj,u) = (Swe! A ee 9 = Se Similarly for scalar projection of A unto B is, cos = “FF Sprojqe = [BI cos ® Sprojea = A+ On AeB Note: but cos =< TAIIBI If 90° < 6 < 180° (negative scalar projection) ponhee If 0°S8<90" (positive scalar projection) Vproigt = (Sprojgh)(8a) = (B+ 84), ‘Similarly for Vector Projection of A unto B is, (A+d5)0p Il. CROSS OR VECTOR PRODUCT By definition, axe Ax B= [AIIBIsin6 2, where Ki then, wv Ax B= [allBiGino (48 : sin) (a ! IA xB = |AI|B|sin@ Bt Vector Analysis Page |3LEGIT MULTIVECTOR REVIEW AND TRAINING CENTER VECTOR ANALYSIS Important Laws (Cross Product) : . AXB=-BXA 5. WA=Ari + Aaj + Ask and B= Bii + Bal + Bak AX (B+) =AxB+AxC m(A xB) = (mA) xB Ax B= (AsBa — AcB2)i +(AaB1 ~ AiBs)j + (AvB ~ AcBi)k Ax (mB) ee =(AxB)m =|A. Ao As By Bz Bs! where mis a scalar 6. AxA=OandBxB=0 Also Ax 0=0 OxA=0 7. I A=mB, it means A is parallel to B: then @ = 0 or mand we define A x B= 0 ‘Sample Application of Cross Product Area of a Parallelogram with vector sides A and B Ag=lAlh Ag= |AIIBIsin@ g but [AI[B| sin 8 = [A x B| L'a - therefore, Ag=|AxBl Note: the area of triangle with vector sides A and B is 1/2 of the area of parallelogram. thus, 5 Ag=41axBl a 2 2 PLANE IN 3D-SPACE : Py > (%orYor Zo) P (wy,7) PoP = (KX — Xo Y— You — %o) NL PP,then N+ PB = 0 {2,b,0) # (X= Xo, ¥ = Yor2 = Zo) = 0 Standard a(X Xo) + b(y — yo) + e(2 = 7%) = 0 (evan of a Plane ax + by + ez + (—axe — byo ~ ezo) = General axtbyteztd=0 (Easton) of a Plane Voetor Anais Page| 4LEGIT MULTIVECTOR REVIEW AND TRAINING CENTER VECTOR ANALYSIS SCALAR TRIPLE PRODUCT : for example, Note: 1 Ae(BXC 2 Be(CxA, 3. Ce(AXB)=C+AXB 1. The cross product must be evaluated frst. 2. The parenthesis used in scalar triple product is not necessary, 3. The dot product and the cross symbol can be interchanged Important Laws of Scalar Triple Product : 1. AxB+C=AsBxe 4. Ae Bx ALCxB 2. AxB+C=C+AxB 5. A+ AxC=AxA+C=0, since Ax A=0 3. AsBxC=B+CxA=C+AxB 6. AsAxG=A+CxA=0 since AxA=0 VOLUME OF A PARALLELEPIPED : V=Aath) = IBX Cl(Sprojp.ca) = [BX C\(A+ dy) winxci(a> P22) aa.wxc ~ BxCl A: Az Ag| V=|AeBxc|=|B, By Bs Cy C2 Cy VOLUME OF TETRAHEDRON : a Volume of Pyramid = 5 (Area ofits base) (Height) 1 Volume of Tetrahedron = (40) (Sprojncca) 1 = z (Volume of Parallelepiped) 1 Volume of Tetrahedron = =|A + Bx C| VECTOR TRIPLE PRODUCT for example, Ax (Bx 0), (AxB) xC, etc 1. AX (BX CO) # (AX B)XC Showing the need for parentheses in A x B x C to avoid ambiguity 2. AXx(BXC) =(A+C)B-(A+B)A also, (Ax B) x C= (A+ C)B-(B+O)A 3. AX(BxC)=-(BXO)xA VootorAnalels Page|5LEGIT MULTIVECTOR REVIEW AND TRAINING CENTER VECTOR ANALYSIS DIFFERENTIAL OPERATOR DEL OR NEBLA (V) a oy! ox ay * San I @(%, y, 2) is a differential scalar field. Then the gradient of is THE DIVERGENCE : 1 V(x y, 2) is a vector function with components whose first derivatives are continuous in the domain of V, the divergence of V is given by v va (2+ Z+Kg) (iV, + iV + kV) = (gg ti 9y * Koz I, + V2 + KV _ a; , OV, | OVs ax" By” Oz vev Vector Analysis Page |8wy ..® 10. LEGIT MULTIVECTOR REVIEW AND TRAINING CENTER (an VECTOR ANALYSIS REE - Apr. 2007 / Apr. 2022 Find the length of the vector (2, 4, 4). AS B.6 c.4 D.8 Express in forms of the unit vectors i j,k the force of 200 N that starts at the point (2, 5, ~3) and passes through the point (-3, 2, 1) A. -141.42i + 84.85] + 113.14k C. 141.42) + 84.85j + 113.14k B. 141.42i — 84.85] + 113.14k D. -141.42i — 84.85) + 113.14k REE — Apr. 2017 / Sept. 2021 The position vectors of point A and B are 2 + i and 3 - 2i respectively. Find an equation for line AB. A.3x-y=5 B.axty=7 C.x4+8y=5 D.x-3y=9 REE - Oct. 1994 Displacement A is 2 meters north, displacement B is 3 meters south. Find the magnitude and direction of B- A. AIS B.IN C.5S D.5N REE - Apr. 2015 Find ab if |a|= 26 and | b| =17 and the angle between them is pi/3. A224 B.212 C.383 D. 338 Given A = (y ~ 1)ax + 2xay; find the vector at (2, 2, 1) and its projection on B where B = 5ax~ ay + 2az Met aa il Aart day, cat ao ate a Coat day, Ga 35 + eae saat 1 meee Bat day 6 a+ 35 ay +75 a Diax+ day, 6 ax— 30 ay + a Find the area of the triangle whose vertices are (0, 1,2), (-1, 2, 1) and (5, 1, 2) A.5V2 B.2v2 NZ D. Na REE - Sept. 2001 ‘The 3 vectors described by: 10cm/at 120k degrees, k = 0, 1, 2. encompass the sides of an equilateral triangle. Determine the magnitude of the vector cross product 0.5{(10/ at 0 deg) x (10/ at 120 deg)] A866 B.25.0 C.50.0 D. 43.3 REE - Sept. 2011 / Sept. 2016 There is a vector v = 7}, another vector u starts from the origin with a magnitude of § rotates in the xy plane. Find the maximum magnitude of u x v. A.24 B.70 C12 D.35 REE ~ Apr. 2019 / Aug. 2019 Find | u x v | correct to three decimal places where | u | = 9, | v| = 3, 26 = 85 deg A. 2.989 B. 31.897 C.2.353 D. 26.897 Vector Analysis Page |7wy ® 14, 15. 16. 17. 18. 19, LEGIT MULTIVECTOR REVIEW AND TRAINING CENTER (an) VECTOR ANALYSIS REE — Apr. 2013 - What is the vector which is orthogonal both to 9i + 9 and 9i + 9k? A81i+81j-81k B.81i-81j-81k C.8ti-81j+81k D. Bt1i+ B1j+ 81k REE — Sept. 2014 / Sept. 2015 / Apr. 2018 What is the im a orthogonal both to 91 + 9 and 91 + 9k? atti + D. REE - Aug. 2019 Find the parametric equations for the line through the point (1 plane x+y +z= 10 and perpendicular to the line x= 3 +t, y A.x=6t-1,y=4t-7, z= -2t— t+ ty B.x=4t+ 1,y=-6t+7,z=2t+2 t+ ty Find the volume of the parallelepiped having i + 3j + 2k, 2i + jk and i—2j +k be the edges. A186.u, B.19 cu. C.206.u, D.21 cu. Find the value of m that makes vectors A =i + j—k, B = 2i-j +k and C = mi—j +mk coplanar. AO Bt C.2 D3 REE ~ Apr. 1999 Determine the gradient of the function f(x, y, z) = x° + ¥° + 2° at the point (1, 2, 3). Give the magnitude of the gradient of f. A.7.21 units B. 8.25 units C. 6.00 units D. 7.48 units Evaluate VIr|? Arr B. arr C.4rr D.3rr REE - Apr. 2001 Determine the divergence of the vector: V = i(x?) + f(xy) + k(xyz) at the point (3, 2, 1) A. 13.00 B. 9.00 C. 11.00 D. 7.00 REE - Sept. 2001 A point travels as described by the following parametric equations x = 10t + 10cos(rtt), y = 10t + 10sin(rt), z = 101, where x, y, z are in meters, t in seconds, all angles are in radians. The vector locating the body at anytime is r = ix + jy + kz. Determine the magnitude of the velocity of the body in meters per second at time t = 0.25. A. 33.07 B. 34.57 C.35.87 D.33.85 Vector Analysis Page |8