A. B. Laswoog Bonzoepad 43 HCTOPHH NONEPEYHOY OSEWTEI (K BOIIPOCY CTAHOBJEHHA PYCCKOM HCHOJHATESCKOL WKOJbN Ucropua tbnelirs: kak ogHoro ¥3 caMbIx nom MOKpaTH4HeHLIHMX HHCTpyMenTos B Gorateiiielt OpkectpoBoli nanutpe yxo- aut B rayGoxyio Apesuocts. Benomuum, 40 camo cnoRo «aeiiray npumens- Ocb NPCAKAMH AOCTATONHO MpoctpaHHo M XapaKTepH30Baq0 BOOGIE BCE ay- XOBbIC MHCTPyMeHTHI 6e3 pasnnuna ux MpupoaHEIX ocoGeHHocteii u cRoiicrs, TloqMHHSIM pomHtenem coppemennoit gueiirs! seasetca npocteripxan gy- HOUKa C «IIHUIMKOM-CBHCTKOM)) ¢ HECKOJBKUMH AbIpPOUKaMA H HeOOJBUIMM, KO- JMYCCTBOM KilallaHos. Tlaxe celyac OHa H3 Ce pa3sHOBYAHOCTelt — Tak Ha3BI- Baemas galoubet nonp3yetca Gombiol mO60BbIO B paiione [Ipoparc. Upyras duelira, w3sectuaa non o6uuM HaMMeHoBaHiem «Koco» WM TonepewHol, OytyqH HeCOMHeHBIM, XOTA, MOxKeT H BeCbMa OTIAeHHBIM no- TOMKOM aHTM4HOl duelirer Mata wim cupunxca, BOsHHKNa, BEPOsATHO, B OHO Bpems c «IpaMoli buettoli» wm «netiroli c HakoHedHHKOM». Ho ona yoKe He MMedla «TMIMKa» HW pacnouarana SoKoBEIM OTBepCTHeM HTH aMOyUIFOpoM. Her Gonbito# HeoGxoxnmoctu caesopats War 3a WaroM 3a vicTopueii PasBuTHA MonepedHol daciirsi. BcnoMHHM MMU, YTO OHA y2xe NOsb30BaMaCch u3BeCTHOCTBIO B Espone p snoxy Cpeauesexosba u roars Puiiom ze Mano (1284? — 1377) B xonue XII cronerus, a TawxKe Exctapait Jomasn no mpo- spiny Mops (1320? — 1403?) 8 XIV sexe Bocnesann ee Hapsly ¢ «qy3c- Holi», TO ects dpneiitoH c HakoHeynuKom. B Hayane XVII Beka nonepequaa aelita peuitenbuo 3anBisieT 0 cBOeM MpeBocxogctTBe, nlonyyaer Bceobuee TIpHSHaHMe M BBIXOAMT Ha MlyTb KapAMHAILHOTO coRepmeHcTBoBaHus. Moua- ZobuNoch He OHO croneTHe, Npexze 4em cOBpeMeHHas *pnetita jocTurna To- 0 COBepiIeHCTBa B CBOEM ycTpolicTBe, KOTOpBIM oHa Gombe Bcero o6a3aHa Hemuy Ts06ambay bemy. Bnpouem, nogiManas «nana Tl€pBeHCTBa» B 3TOM OTHOUICHHH JommKHa, Kak Mater JI. Poranb-Jlesumuait, «HecomHeHHo, npaHag- TgKaTb anrinvanuuy Yunbamy Dopzony (179? — 1897), KOTOpbIit TepssIM pa3- pa6oran HoByi0 cucremy yctpoiictsa ¢uielitsi, Ho He cyMen WoBectu cBow MBICIb 0 Haqiexkaulero 3apepuienus. Ero nonoxKenusMH Bocnonb30Banca Bem, H He TOKO CoppemenHas dueiita, Ho HW BOOGIE BCe coBpemeHHBIE Repe- BSHHbIe AYXOBbI€ HHCTPYMeHTHI OOR3AHBI CMY CBOMM COBepLeHHEIM MexanH3- MOM». Hago OTLaTb AOWMKHOS aHTIMYaHAM: COOTe4eCTBeEHHHK ynomanyToro Topnona.Tenpu Tepcenn (ox. 1659-1695) cran nepssim, kro Hanucat KOH- YAAPHEHUMX v BecbMa ne- 63 CkaHuposaxo c CamScanner| HepTHOe NpOMsBeAeHHe-cOHaTY ANA conupylomeli uelitst B conpoBoxTeHHy CTpyHHOro opkectpa. TIpeqniectsennmnelt «Semonexo daciirsm Suita Tak HaspBaemad cra. ponemenkas dbeiira. [lo omHoli 3 Bepcuii neiira 91a MosBunacs B opkecry oxo0 1667 roya u, mo Bceli BU_MMOCTH, BHepBBIe Shia BReeHa Sienna maprutypy onepst «saga». Emme ogna mo6onstrnax jeTanb: cospemenume MCCHeNOBaleiH YTBepKTaIOT, YTO powMHOl nonepeyHo dxekrs sBrAetoq Asus. B Cpequme Beka ova 4epe cnaBsaHCKHe CTpaHbi IlponMKa Ha 3anag, rye B BHe Mpoctoro OTpeska TPOCTHHKa, CHAOKKEHHOTO IECTHIO 3BYKOBBIMH oT- BEPCTHAMH H OAHMM JIA BAyBAHHA, pacripoctpanMacs MoBcemectHo. Vi c tex mop ee «esponelickoli poquHoii cranosutca Tepmanua. Orcioga H HasBanue ~ «HeMelkad relitay. Ho NozyMHHO XyfoxKeCTBEHHBIM HHCTpyMeHTOM OHa Tam He CTaHOBHTCA H, IIpOMOIKad CYMECTBOBATh B KayecTBe HEOTeEMMeMOli cryT- Huub! GapaSatia, IpHHMMaeT yyactue B BOHicKOBBIX 4acT#x Toro Bpemenu. Kak MSBECTHO, 9TOT OGruail coxpanMica Oo Havana XX croyerus. B janbueiimet cyzn6e «Hemenkoi duelirsm yyacrsyet Opanuus, rye yxKe BO BTOpoH NonoBHHe XVII Beka eli MpucBamBaeTcA cTaTyc MOLMHHO KOHIepTupylomero HHCTpyMenta. @netita BXo7WNa B CTAapMHHIe aHcaMOu H OpKecTpEI. B ogHoli u3 ca- MBIX paHHHX opatopuli — «IIpeycrapnenue o pyle H Tee» SMHIHO Te Ka- BabepH MMeeTCA «COAT AA ABYX dutetiT; B orepe «OspuguKa» A. Tepx ects KcuMpoHHs wIa Tpex duciir, mMuTMpyromad urpy Ha TpolfHolt duetire OnHOTO 43 Nepconaxeli onepsl. B olepHbIx MapTHTypax MTaJIbAHCKMX KOMIO- anropos ®. Kananm v M. Yecrm o6ssaTemsust napTHH puelir, Tpanza, on elle He ovens pasBuTEI, Ho yxe y IK. 6. Jltoum mHTepec K AepeBAHHEIM AyXo- BRIM, B TOM 4Hcue HK drelire, yoummcs. Jhon ssogun aeiiry B napratypst BCeX CBOHX Ollep, XOTA H HCMONB30BaTI Ce BCeTO B 6-7 cueHax Karol H3 HAX M, KpOMe TOPO, B OYCHb HeOONLUIOM 2Halla30He 3BYYaHHs. Cosmaetcs, cee seHHe, YTO TPeTbH OKTABA B STIOXY Jhon 6uina nourw Hegoctynua AA drei TucTOB, HACTONIBKO peyxo OHA HeTIOMbsoBaTTack. B cepeHHe XVII Beka naptus uetirs: ene He MMesa XapaKTEpHBIX TIT 9TOro KHCTpyMeHTa ocoGenHocteit #, ue Gym NpsMerx ykasanmii Ha HCTIOMb3OBAHHE B NapTHTypax MMeHHO ¢utelitsl, B HX HeNb3 OENIO ObI JaxKe OTIHUHTS ee napTai OT CKPHTMIHEIX. Cnenyrommit mar B HcnoNb30BaHHA aeiirsr cyenamn A.CkapnattH 4 Yr. Tlepcen. B ux nmapTaTypax OHa He TONEKO nyOsmpyet CTpyHHEIe, HO H eri0n- HaeT (TpaBya, Pe7KO) BEJIMKOeMHBIe 10 CROCMY MHTOHANMOHHOMY cosepxa- HMO CONBHBIC STIMSOTBI. A Vis naprutyp HA. C. Baxa wT’. Tengen BuqHo, wT0 B mipakTaKy HONEY: ‘TemcTRa TOCTeMeHHO BBOLTeA TIpHeMBI quieiitoBoH TeXHUKH C Bapryost QMOpuTYpHBIM IIH JeKOpaTHBHBIM CKaqOM M3TO%KCHHA, torga Kak ee roGoes H daroros Tpaktylores IiaBHO H Hesyye. B nponssemenus 2K. ®. Mo dileiira mpumMensetos JOCTaTOuHO CMCIIO. 64, saa CkaHuposaxo c CamScannerBXVIM sexe drefira cunranach He TonbKo OpKecrpoBLIM, HO 1 CosthHO- xoMLepTHbIM uuctpyMenToM. JUjia (peiiter micas KOHUEprbI MHOrHe BHI/LaIO- yee KONTOSHTOPEE (A. Bupanbau, H.C.Bax, 1. B. Mepronesu, TP. b, Tenemai a ap.) XVIII Bex Sorat HMeHAaMH KPYMHbIX KeronnHTescH-Konepratton. Yxaxkem THI Ha TlOb3OBaBLErocA BCeMUpHOK caaKot Vi. Knanta, anrapue- rcs He TONBKO KOHUEPTAHTOM, HO BUAHBIM YYeHDIM-TeOpeTHKOM H KOMMOSH- ropoM. VcxountesbHo Gompilice BHHMAHHE yen (paciire X. B, Pinox, apa- MariaM MY3bIKH KOTOPOTO CyUIecTBEHHO NOBAHAT Tia CaMy TpakToBKY Toro uncrpyMenta. Jlocraro¥Ho BCTIOMHUTS 0 TAKHX LICHCBpax, Kak 3HaMeHHTDIe gaeiiroBble CoO 13 «Opes, «Amuccrem, «Hdurennn B Taspujten. PinoK yonombsyeT Bce perHeTpsl AManasona dielirs! M AaKe MPHCOCHMEACT K 6omb- woit pueiire pneliry-mAKKos0. Kpome cono I'mox (aro ove BaKHO) ynoT- peOaset daieltty BMecTe ¢ ApyrHMH MepeBsaHHBIMM AYXOBBIMH (TpaxTya ux KaK wenocTHyto rpynny) Avis NOHUMAHHs rapMOHHyeCKOrO oua 8 311H30/1ax, Kora CTpyNMEle HCHOANATIOT MOABHKHbIC MEMOAHAECKHE JIHEHMH. B naprutypax BeHCKUX KaCcHKOB [Be (paciitsl craHoBaTca o6s3aTesb- HuIMH, DumomMyeckH ucnomBsyercs (baetira-nuxKosio. B spessix cumPonuax Yi. Patinna, B. Mouapra, 8 cumdoxmax JI. Berxopena napran JepeBannbix Ay- XOBLIX, B TOM YHcHe H dbiteiirbI, NoAyaMsH caMocToOATeMbHy!O PYHKIHIO. @ueiite yacto nopyyanich OYeHb BAXKHBIe B ApaMatyprayeckoM OTHOMIeHHA TeMbI, IPHYeM McHOMsOBAICA Bech AMaNa3sOH MHCTpyMeHTa, BKMIONAs H CFO BBICOKH! peructp. Pomantuk ©. [[lyGepr peako nopyyail etitam ocHoBHbIe TeMbl CBOBX cumounii. OnHako OH YaCTO H OYEHb BIPASHTEMbHO ucrionb3oBamt dptelity B coeqMHeHMM ¢ ApyrHMH HHCTpyMentamH. ®. Mensenbcon npoaosKun sty ‘Tpanumo. B ero cHMPOHHYECKHX MPOHSBEMEHHAX BCTPeMAIOTCA W3YMHTEIb- ubie Qulelirossie HaxogKu (Ckepto H YBeptiopa #3 «CHa B JIeTHIOIO HO4b»). B opxecrpe I. Bepnuosa nenombsyiorca Tp duelirb1, a TAK 2ke OANA WH Ape aelirsi- nuKKONO, 3ByYHOCTS OpKecTpa B MIpou3BeqeHUAX bepsno3a, Kak H3BECTHO, TeEMOpOBO OOoraTHsach HW YCHMIACb, B YACTHOCTH, BBEEHHEM B He- ro Gobuoro KOTMYECTBA AYXOBbIX WHCTpyMeHTOB («PexBnem», «TpaypHo- TpuyMiasbHaa cHmponus»). Muoroyucsenuble NpHMepb! BAPTYO3HOTO HcrlomB30BaHHA (petite! MMe- joes B onepax P. Barxepa c ero Gorarelimei MonyMentambHoit dbaxtypoii. Muoro BHecia B KaHTHIeHHyI0 TexHUKy dreiiret 3HamenuTat «GecKkoHe4Has» Mesloqus Barnepa. Beauxoaenuble o6pasitsl KoNOpucTH4eckH MHOrooOpa3Horo 3ByYdanHA (bueliTst como HB COeAMHeHHM c CaMbIMH pa3/IMYHBIMH HHCTPyMeHTaMH MO>KHO HaiiTH B MpoH3BeleHHaX uMMpeccnonuctos K, JeGioccu, M. Papens. baecrs- llyi0 KOHepTHyt0 TpakToBKy (preite: gan P. [Irpaye 8 cBoux MooMax, a TaK- 2Ke H OMlepax. 65 CkaHuposaxo c CamScannerMra, «(put aro «craponemenkas» (pielira pbinyoKjena Opuia ycryuMtD ef Me MLITKH OGbEMHHT O6C KONCTPYKIMH BCe %Ke NpeypHHMMamcE B Hayane XX Beka, Cyth HOBINCCTBA 3AKINOYAIaCh B TOM, YTO Ba TI€pBbIX KOeHa retry UMCIM KMIKNApPHACCKOE Cheplenue, a Tperhe ObparHoKOHMYeckKoe. B Tepma- HHH OJ(HHM 13 TAKHX ONITOB Crasa «KOMOuHMpORAHHaA prettray Makcumunp. ava Lpennspa (1853 — 1942), na3snanas um «Schwedler-flote». Bo ®panyny uszo6petenve Takonoli (ox. 1922 r.) upmimcnBanocs u3RecTHOMy cbueiiruery Jhon Ppancya Muepu (1878 - 1926). Ucropus ucnosmurennerna a dneitre umeer rawxKe MATepecnyio ucTo- puio. B XVII cronerum ona nosp30Basiach orpomHoii sm1060B510 COBpeMeH- uuKos. Bonee TOrO, OHO BpeMs CTaa Jake YEM-TO BIOHe HEOTBEMIJICMBIM B ux MoBcegnennolt xu3nH. Urparp 1a daeltre Broth yo cepenunsi X1X crone- THA CYMTAIOCL TIpH3HaKOM «xOporiero TOH@». u OHa, TaK %e Kak H JIOTHA, apcba unm (poprenMano, BcKope MosBMsIach Ha clieHe B Ka¥ecTBe AOCTOHHOTO yuacTauKka ApamaTuyeckoro cuexraxit. Ha pyccxoi cuene TombKo y A. C. Tpu6oeyona (1795 — 1829) B ero Gecemepruom «Tope oT yma» cpaeitre cyxqe- HO ObUIO MoKasaTbca j [BAKE — OAMH pas B LelicTBHTeNBHOM sByYaHHH, BO Bropol — B Gecege crappix zpyseit: Yanxoro u [Liarona Muxaiinopuya. “ro kacaetes orevectBenHoro McnonHMTenbeTBa Ha duelite, To Poc- CMM MOHaTOGMMOCh OrpoMHOe BpeMeHHOe Mpocrpakcreo AWA TOTO, 4TOOB MOABUNMC AYXOBEIC KaccI, MewarorH — KopHipen, co3qaH H anpoOupowan CepbesHbIli, MMCIOMM xXyAOKECTBEHHYIO NeHHOCT perleptyap MW, HAaKOHeL-To, MOXKHO ObLIO FoBOpUTE 06 OTeYecTBeHHOH Wikome UrpEI ANIA PaeliTEL. Dneitra Kak npotbeccwonanbuniii mHcrpymeut B Poccum momb30Banach oco6oli nonynspuocrbio eure B XVIII sexe. Mmenuo Torga cymecrBosamu 4a- CTHbIC [aHCHOHBI, B KOTOpbIX NpenoyaBanuch AyxoBble MACTpyMenTEI. B AKa- HeMUM XyTOXKecrB 3a OcobyI0 wary BeMAch 3aHATHH MO duelire. CpeaH 13- BECTHBIX (bleHTHCTOB B TO BpeMa ~ KHA3b IT. M. Penuuu, Bacusmii Muxaiinos, Ajanuna Kanamuuxos, Erop Kaparsiras, nea 3apsanos. B xonne XVII- Hau.X1X BeKoB MHTepec K MY3BIKe JIA AYXOBBIX MHCTpyYMeHTOB HeH3McHHO BOSpacTaeT, O YM CBHJCTEbCTBYHOT OCTaBIKeCA AOKYMeHTANbHBIe MORTBep- 2UeHHA: abun v BocTOMMHaHAT oYeBUANeB. Cpemm ynomuHaHHit o cpueiira- CTax TOO BPeMCHH BEIACIMOTCA MMcHa Xpucruana l'aprmana, IOnuu Karasy- 7a, Opatsen TypHepos, cienoro duelitucra Jfonona. Cpeym nepprix mpodeccnonanbnsix oneiitucros, BBICTYMaBUIMX B KOH- lepTax ¢ CONbHOH MporpaMMoii B Hayane X1X Beka, OLwin HeKTO Tlonxos, Ax- Apelt 3ycman (kctaTu, 0 Hem BoctopxKeHHo mucan M. VM, Dnmuka, Bocxuules- HEL HenonHeHHeM MonyppH Ha tet 13 OKHSHH 3a laps). B nepsoii nonosane X1X pexa ueiira Ora us6pannuyel mHorux apH- CTOKpAaTOB, HeTO He cK@KEMNS O Apyrux AYXOBbIX MHCTpyMentax. B HOTHEIX 66 ail CkaHuposaxo c CamScanner War Brepey CTO. Ho no.MarasHHaX MOSBAKCTCA MHOXKECTBO O6pabotoK JlonatnucKoro, Panda, Jlop6epa. 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[lyxosaa ucnoaHMTeMbCKas WKOsIa peanM3oBbIBaia ceGa, Kak MpaBu- HO, B OpKecTpoBbIx Naprutypax. KpyxxeBHbimu dHOpHTypamu OOpamaexa Me- alonua «epcugckoro xopa» B onepe «PycaaH u JItogmMuaa» M. VM. Paunxn; ge- HMKOseMHO KCMOMb30BaHa daeiita B TanWax oMepbl. «I MMHKHHCKaa» MHCTpy- MeHTOBKa YHCTbIMH TeMOpaMH IIPHHUMMMasbHO HeceT B ceOe HB IUBHAYAIN3a- MIO KaKOTO HHCTpyMeHTa. ITO CKa3al0cb Ha 3HaYMTeBHOM pa3BHTHH BCeX pecypcos opkectpa. [oar uMnpeccnoHucru4Ha M0 KpackaM OpkecTpoBas Ma- sintpa «Hou 8 Magpuge», ro KoHWepTHOMY spKa B «AparoHcKoii xoTen. JIaHua KoHUepTHO-Kpaco4Horo opKecTpa B pyccKoli KnaccuueckoH My- sbike Obima mpofoimxena H. A. Pamcxum-Kopcaxorsim. Apxue aeitosete co- 4o (baer: wMerotcs B ero «CHerypouKe», «McnaacKkom Kanpyuyno» 4 «Iexepasaze». ‘ Muoi xapaktep Tpaktosku mHcTpyMenTos mpHoGpena y Il. UM. Yaiixos- ckoro. KommoswTop mIMpoKo HcnoNb30BaN rpynny AepeBAHHBIX AYXOBBIX MH- CTpyMeHTOB B MpHYeCKOM mM ApaMaTH4ecKoM Mutane. Camprle pasawuHble TeM- Gposbie KpackH, OT Mpa4Horo Hi CTpalliHoro Mupa rpaduHH («I lHKoBas Jama») w eu Kapa6oc («Craulaa KpacaBuua») 10 apKux u OulecraMNx 3ByyaHuii B «Yepesuukax» uv «Mosante» HaiiqeHb uM Kak HOBaTOpcKHe cpescTBa opKecT- posoro cumdoun3ma. bykBasbHo yxKacoM BeeT OT KOMOpHTa clleHbI «B cramb- He rpabuuu» wim cyeHb «B Ka3apMe» B «ITHKoBoit ame». B To xe BpeMa 4y- Aechbii O6pasen compylounx drelir uMeeTca B TaHUe MacTywKkoB H3 GaneTa «(HenkyHunk», re cTakkaTo Tpex dueiir mpunaet o6pasy xpynkoctb 4 3BOH- Koc PyccKux necen sin dette Yposenb AyxoBoro HcnosHUTeNbCTBa B XIX BeKe omlpeslenana My3bIKa, cosnaHHas quia aucamOset A. PyOunwteitvom, M. Banaxupestim, A. Bopoas- bm, H, Pamcxum-Kopcaxossim, A. Dia3yHospim, LI; Kiow, A. 'pewaHvHoBbiM 67 CkaHuposaxo c CamScannerwap. Pnelira Kak MesONMMeCKHii Foc BKIOYATACh B MHOTOYMCHEHREIe oxTe- ‘TEI, KBAHTETSI, KBapTeTHI, TPHO HW AYSTEI. 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