Drug Action Indication/ Contraindication Nursing responsibilities

Generic name: Mechanism of action: Indication:  Observe 12 rights of

Paracetamol Inhibit prostaglandin synthesis in Short-term treatment of moderate medication administration.
the CNS and, to a lesser extent, pain, especially following surgery
Brandname: block pain impulses through and for the short-term treatment
 Assess for level of pain
Ifimol peripheral action. Acts centrally on of fever.
relief after administration.
hypothalamic heat-regulating
Classification: center, producing peripheral Contraindication:
 Discontinue drug and notify
Analgesic and Antipyretic vasodilation.  Hypersensitivity to
physician if Signs and
paracetamol and
Dose: symptoms of
Side effects: propacetamol HCl (prodrug
1g Q6H hypersensitivity occur.
 Swelling of paracetamol).
 Rash
Route:  Advice patient to avoid
 Diarrhea  Severe hepatocellular
IV Route insufficiency. aspirin, alcohol (increases
 Erythema
risk of GI bleeding).

Adverse effects:
 CV: Hypotension.
 Liver: Increased hepatic
transformation level.
Platelet/Blood: Thrombocytopenia,
leukopenia, neutropenia.
DRUG TABULATION
 Drug Action Indication/ Contraindication Nursing responsibilities
Generic name: Mechanism of action: Indication:  Observe 12 rights of
Tramadol Binds to mu-opioid receptors, inhibits Management of moderate to moderately medication administration.
reuptake of norepinephrine, serotonin, severe pain.
Brand name: inhibiting ascending and descending pain
 Assess for level of pain
Dolright pathways. Contraindication:
relief after administration.
 Contraindicated with hypersensitivity
Classification: Side effects: to acetaminophen or phenacetin;
 Monitor vital signs and
Opioid Analgesic  nausea use with alcohol.
assess for orthostatic
 vomiting  Renal Insufficiency
Dose: hypotension or signs of
 constipation  Anemia
50mg Q6H CNS depression.
 drowsiness
 confusion
Route:  Discontinue drug and notify
IV route physician if Signs and
Adverse effects: symptoms of
 CNS: Restlessness, euphoria, anxiety, hypersensitivity occur.
coordination disturbance, sleep
disturbances, seizures.  Assess bowel and bladder
 CV: Palpitations, vasodilation. function as well as urinary
 GI:, Constipation, xerostomia, dyspepsia, frequency or retention.
diarrhea, abdominal pain, anorexia,
flatulence.
 Skin: Rash.
 Urogenital: Urinary retention/frequency,
menopausal symptoms.
 Drug Action Indication/ Contraindication Nursing responsibilities
Generic name: Mechanism of action: Indication:  Observe 12 rights of
Celecoxib NSAID that exhibits antiinflammatory, Used to relieve acute pain and medication administration.
analgesic, and antipyretic activities. Unlike inflammation.
Brandname: ibuprofen, inhibits prostaglandin synthesis by
 Assess for level of pain
Coxidia inhibiting cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), but Contraindication:
relief after administration.
does not inhibit cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1).  Hypersensitivity to celecoxib,
Classification: sulfonamides.
 Advice patient is GI upset
NSAID Side effects/Adverse effects:  Active GI bleeding.
occurs, take with food.
 Diarrhea  Patients experiencing asthma,
Dose:  Dyspepsia urticaria, or allergic reactions to
 Advice patient to avoid
200mg/CAP BID  Headache aspirin, other NSAIDs. Treatment of
aspirin, alcohol (increases
 Upper respiratory tract infection. perioperative pain in coronary artery
Route: risk of GI bleeding).
bypass graft (CABG) surgery
Oral route Adverse effects:
 Observe for bleeding,
 GI: Abdominal pain, diarrhea, dyspepsia, bruising, and weight gain
flatulence, nausea.
 CNS: Dizziness, headache, insomnia.
 Respiratory: Pharyngitis, rhinitis, sinusitis,
 Skin: Rash.
 Drug Action Indication/ Contraindication Nursing responsibilities
Generic name: Mechanism of action: Indication:  Observe 12 rights of
Ampicillin-Sulbactam Ampicillin inhibits bacterial cell wall Used to treat many different types of medication administration.
synthesis. Sulbactam inhibits bacterial beta- infections caused by bacteria
Brandname: lactamase.  Notify physician for rash
Silgram Contraindication: (although common with
Side effects:  Allergic to any ingredient in the ampicillin, may indicate
Classification:  Diarrhea product hypersensitivity) or
Antibiotic  Rash  Badly damaged intestines diarrhea (fever, abdominal
 Pain at IM injection site  Weakened immune system pain, mucus and blood in
Dose: stool may indicate
 Thrombophlebitis with IV administration
750mg Q8H ANST antibiotic-associated
 Oral or vaginal candidiasis.
colitis).
Route:
Adverse effects:
IV Route  Evaluate IV site for
 GI: Diarrhea, nausea, vomiting,
abdominal distention, candidiasis. phlebitis.
 Hematologic: Neutropenia,
thrombocytopenia.  Monitor I&O, urinalysis,
 Urogenital: Dysuria. renal function tests.
 CNS: Seizures.
 Watch out for
superinfection: fever,
vomiting, diarrhea,
anal/genital pruritus, oral
mucosal changes
(ulceration, pain,
erythema).
 Drug Action Indication/ Contraindication Nursing responsibilities
Generic name: Mechanism of action: Indication:  Observe 12 rights of
Omeprazole Inhibits hydrogen-potassium adenosine Improve the gastric environment at the medication administration.
triphosphatase (H+/K+ ATP pump), an time of induction of anaesthesia reducing
Classification: enzyme on the surface of gastric parietal cells. the potential risk of aspiration of gastric  Monitor for headache, onset
Proton pump inhibitor contents. of black, tarry stools,
Side effects: diarrhea, abdominal pain.
Dose:  Headache Contraindication:
40mg  Diarrhea  Hypersensitivity to omeprazole, other  Assess for GI discomfort,
 Abdominal pain proton pump inhibitors. nausea, diarrhea occurs.
Route:  Nausea  Concomitant use with products
IV route containing rilpivirine.  Monitor allergic reaction to
Adverse effects: drug
 CNS: Headache, dizziness, fatigue.
 GI: Diarrhea, abdominal pain, nausea, mild
transient increases in liver function tests.
 Urogenital: Hematuria, proteinuria.
 Skin: Rash.
 Drug Action Indication/ Contraindication Nursing responsibilities
Generic name: Mechanism of action: Indication:  Observe 12 rights of
Calcium Carbonate Inorganic salt that acts by neutralizing Relief of heartburn and acid indigestion. medication administration.
hydrochloric acid in gastric secretions. Inhibits May also used as dietary supplement for
Classification: the action of pepsin by increasing the pH and via low calcium or to treat hypocalcemia  Note number and
Antacid, absorption. Cytoprotective effects may occur
consistency of stools.
increases in bicarbonate ion and prostaglandins.
Antihypocalcemic Contraindication:
 Hypercalcemia and hypercalciuria  Observe for signs and
Side effects/
Dose: (e.g., hyperparathyroidism, vitamin symptoms of
 Headache
500mg/CAP TID D overdosage, decalcifying tumors, hypercalcemia in patients
 Decreased appetite
 Nausea bone metastases), calcium loss due receiving frequent or high
Route:  Vomiting to immobilization. doses, or who have
Oral route  Unusual fatigue  Severe renal disease, renal calculi, impaired renal function
GI hemorrhage or obstruction,
Adverse effects: dehydration, hypochloremic  Advice patient to avoid
 GI: Constipation or laxative effect, acid alkalosis, ventricular fibrillation, taking calcium carbonate
rebound, nausea, eructation, flatulence, cardiac disease. with cereals or other foods
vomiting, fecal concretions. high in oxalates. Oxalates
 Metabolic: Hypercalcemia with alkalosis, combine with calcium
metastatic calcinosis, hypercalciuria,
carbonate to form
hypomagnesemia
insoluble, nonabsorbable
 Urogenital: Polyuria, renal calculi.
compounds.
 Drug Action Indication/ Contraindication Nursing responsibilities
Generic name: Mechanism of action: Indication:  Observe 12 rights of
Metoclopramide Stimulates motility of upper GI tract. Blocks Prevent nausea/vomiting after surgery. medication administration.
dopamine/serotonin receptors in
Classification: chemoreceptor trigger zone. Enhances Contraindication:  Monitor for anxiety,
Antiemetic acetylcholine response in upper GI tract;  Hypersensitivity to metoclopramide. restlessness,
increases lower esophageal sphincter tone.  Concurrent use of medications likely extrapyramidal symptoms
Dose: to produce extrapyramidal reactions. (EPS) during IV
10mg Side effects:  Situations in which GI motility may administration.
 Drowsiness be dangerous (e.g., GI hemorrhage,
Route:  Restlessness GI perforation/obstruction),  Monitor daily pattern of
IV route  Fatigue  History of seizure disorder, bowel activity, stool
 Lethargy pheochromocytoma. consistency.

Adverse effects:  Assess skin for rash.

 CNS: fatigue, restlessness, agitation, Evaluate for therapeutic
headache, insomnia, disorientation, response from
extrapyramidal symptoms gastroparesis (nausea,
 GI: Nausea, constipation, diarrhea, vomiting, bloating).
dry mouth, altered drug absorption.
 Skin: Urticarial or maculopapular rash.  Monitor renal function, B/P,
 Hematologic: Methemoglobinemia. heart rate.
 Endocrine: Galactorrhea,
gynecomastia, amenorrhea,
impotence.