Reviewer For philosophy II

Nature of truth
2 Types of Truth

 Empirical Truth
- is hard to establish and can be inconvenient when it does not serve an immediate need.
- is the truth of science, which is driven by the principle of empiricism
 Convenient Truth
- is based on need, desire and emotion. It is the truth that deceivers seek.
- truth is the truth of populist politicians and journalists, who seek to persuade without
worrying too much about empirical truth.
Other Theories of Truth

 The Correspondence Theory of Truth

-Truths is what Corresponds to facts
 The Coherence Theory of Truth
- Truth is what coheres with the rest of our knowledge
 The Pragmatic Theory of Truth
- Truth is what works, or serves our purpose

Speculation
>Latin word for “specula” which means watch tower
>Implies as a vision
>Considered as detached
>Allows you to expand your perspective by encouraging you to see bigger picture

Philosophy as critical thinking

-To criticize > to judge or analyze
Modes of critical thinking
1. Logical – the statement is reduced/ summarize into its simplest form
2. Linguistics – words are analyzed for its clarity and consistency
Philosophy as reflective inquiry/ thinking
>Is a “meaning making
> process that moves a learner from one experience into the one next with a deeper understanding of its
relationships.
6. Phases of Reflective inquiry
1. To experience
2. Spontaneous interpretation of the experience
3. Naming the problems or question which arise
4. Generating possible experience
5. Ramifying (or forming branches) the explanations into full blown hypothesis.
6. Experimenting the hypothesis.