TUTORIALS Chapter- Metals and non Metals. Some Basic Concepts 1. Pure substance- Pure substance can either be made of same type of atoms or they may be made up of two or more types of atoms. Pure substance are of two types (a) Elements- A substance that is made up of only one kind of atoms and cannot be broken further into smaller components is called an element. Element is further classified as metal, non metals and metallloids. e.g Iron, Copper. teen () Compounds- A compound is a substance formed when 2 or more differen atoms are chemically bonded together. e.g Water, sugar. Substance Element letal non metal metalloids Tron, Copper Sulphur Silicon Oxygen Antimony Compound Water, SugarCommon elements and their symbols TABLE 1. Symbols of elements derived from English names | English name | English name : of the element — of the element | Ssmbet 1. Argon Ar | 15. Iodine i 2. Arsenic As | 16. Lithium Li 3. Aluminium Al 17. Magnesium Mg 4. Boron |B 18. Manganese Mn 5. Barium Ba 19. Nitrogen N 6. Bromine Br 20. Neon Ne 7. Carbon c 21. Nickel Ni | 8. Calcium Ca 22. Oxygen 0 | 9. Chlorine a 23, Phosphorus Pp 10. Chromium Cr | 24. Platinum Pt 11. Cobalt Co 25. — Sulphur s | 12. Fluorine F 26. Uranium U | 13. Hydrogen H 27. Zine Zn | 14. Helium He TABLE 2. Symbols derived from Latin names | | English name Latin name of the element of the element Symbol 1. Antimony Stibium Sb | 2. Copper Cuprum Cu 3. Gold Aurum Au | 4. Iron Ferrum Fe | 5. Lead Plumbum Pb 6. Mercury Hydrargyrum Hg | | 7. Potassium Kalium K 8. Silver | Argentum Ag | 9. Sodium Natrium Na | 10.Tin Stannum Sn | aa. | | = Atom- Building blocks of all matter. ‘An atom is defined as the smallest particle of an element wl of free existence. It is the smallest particle that take part in cl up of three fundamental or sub atomic particles- electron, proton and neutrons. an - A molecule is the smallest unit of an element or a compound which can e freely under ordinary conditions and shows all the properties of that substance. hich may or may not be capable hemical reaction. Atom is mace 44BY DPS INDIRAPURAM Assign (Class Vins Sci Jon- An atom or group of atoms which carry charge such us n CENCE) egative or an ion. (a) Cation- The ion which carries positi ositi lel ile Positive is called of electron) is (b) Anion- The ion which carries negati i ative charge (due t i asa Poly atomic ion ot Radicals- An ion consisting a group of atoms is called poly atomic ion or radical. e.g [SOs}*, [OH], — [NH4]* Valency of an element is defined as the combining capacity of the element. [TABLE 3. Valencies of some common non- metal elements. Element | Symbol |Valency |Element | Symbol | Valency Hydrogen| HH 1 | Oxygen ° 2 Fluorine F 1 | Sulphur s 2,4,6 Chlorine ca | 1 | Nitrogen N 3 | Bromine Br 1 Phosphorus P 3,5 [Iodine I 1__| Carbon c 4 \ysical and chemical Metals and non- metals can be differentiated on the basis of their phi properties as shown in Table Properties Metals Non- metals 1. State They usually solids at room They usually exist as gases or temperature. solids at room temperature. Exception: Mercury is the only | Exception: Bromine is a metal which is liquid at room —_| liquid at room temperature. — temperature. | 2, Lustre | They are lustrous (shining They are not lustrous, i., they have a dull appearance. surfaces) and have a highly polished surface. | Exception: Graphite and iodine have a metallic luster. _| They are non-malleable They are malleable (can be hammered into sheets). Exception: malleable and brittle. __4. Ductility | They are generally duct 3. Malleability and brittleness 45| be drawn into wires). Exception: Zinc, mercury, sodium, potassium, calcium and —_| gallium are non-ductile Assignm, (Class - Vin "sein ) | brittle. | Exception: Carbo H n fi | ductile and can be da a | wires) wm inte | They are generally soft | Exception: Diamond is the | hardest known substance, | They are poor conductors fo almost non conductors) of. heat 5. Hardness They are generally hard, Exception: Sodium, Potassium, magnesium, calcium, mercury and lead are soft. | 6. Conductivity They are good conductors of (thermal as well | heat and electricity. as electrical Exception: Lead is a poor | and electricity. conductor of heat and electricity. | Exception: Gas carbon and graphite are good conductors of heat and electricity, Most of the metals have high tensile strength. 7. Tensile strength They are not sonorous. 8. Sonority Metals are sonorous, i.e., when struck, a ringing sound is _ produced. | 9. Melting and Most of the metals have high —_| They have low melting and boiling point —_| melting and boiling points. boiling points. | Exception: Sodium, Exception: Graphite has a potassium, gallium, tin, lead and | high melting point cesium have low melting points. Chemical They react with oxygen to form | They react with oxygen to form | Properties basic oxides which, when acidic or neutral oxides which, 1. Reaction with | dissolved in water, form bases. | when dissolved in water, form oxygen Exception: acids / neutral solutions. Exception: Carbon, hydrogen (iv) Chromium and manganese form acidic oxides, such as chromium trioxide and manganese (VII) oxide, in addition to basic oxides. (ii) Aluminium, zinc and tin form amphoteric oxides. and nitrogen form neutral | oxides such as carbon | monoxide (CO), water (HzO) | and nitrous oxide (N20). They react with water to form — | metal oxides, or metal | 2. Reaction with They do not react with water. — They have low tensile strength,hydroxides, an libero ame oes They react with dilute acids to 3. Reaction with | form metal salt and hydrogen dilute acids | gas is liberated. [ water | They react with alkalis (water soluble bases) to evolve 4. Reaction with bases | hydrogen gas. They react with oxygen to form basic oxides which, when dissolved in water, form bases. Exception: Magnesium does not react with dilute aqueous alkali. | (Class ~ VII : SCIENCE) | They do not react with dilute acids to liberate hydrogen gas, Their reaction with bases is very complex. TUTORIALS tivity or Activity Series of Metals le | Metals Relative reactivity of metals { Potassium K Most Reactive Sodium Na Calcium Ca | Magnesium Mg Aluminium al Zine Zn Iron Fe Nickel Ni | Tin Sn Lead Pb [Hydrogen] [HI DecrdMsing Copper Cu chemical Mercury Hg reactivity Silver Ag | Gold Au [Platinum Pt Least Reactive Reactivity series- The arrangement of metals in the order of decreasing reactivity is called Yeactivity series of metals or activity series of metals.Chapter — Metals and N ny Assignment - 5 lon metals (Clos sepa, Q.1. Name the following : (i) Metal which is liqui i) quid at room ti (ii) a metal which is liquid at eae (iii) Non metal which is good conductor of ae (iv) Metal which is non ductile in nature. a (v) Non metal which is hard. Q.2. Compare the following physical and chemical properties of metals and non metal n metals. Properties “Metals | Non-metals (i) Appearance (ii) Hardness (iii) _ Malleability + | (iv) Ductility (v) Heat conduction (vi) Conduction of electricity i} Chapter - Metals and Non Metals Assignment - 6 Q.1. Fill in the blanks: (i) Metal oxides are in nature. (ii) | Phosphorus is a very non-metal. (iii) Non metallic oxides dissolve in water to form (iv) Metal reacts with acid to produce gas. Q.2. Complete the following equations: + (i) Copper Sulphate + zinc ——? == ———_ . — (ii) | Copper + Water + carbon dioxide + oxygen + (iii) Magnesium + Oxygen. ——* —(iv) (v) (vi) Sulphur dioxide + water —_— a —_ Q3 Tick (¥) the correct altemative in e: Iron + Oxygen + Wate Sulphur + Oxygen MME SCIEN Cg 1 — ! ach of the following: i - . (i) ie a se following metals is the best conductor of electricity? (b) Silver (c) Aluminium (d) Gold (ii) Zine reacts slowly with steam. The products formed are (a) Zine hydroxide + Hydrogen gas (b) Zinc oxide + hydrogen gas (c) Zinc oxide (d) Zinc oxide + Water (iii) Pencil lead is mainly made from (a) Lead metal (b) Mercury (c) Graphite (d) Diamond (iv) Most of the metals react with oxygen to form (a) Basic oxides (b) Acidic oxides (c) Hydroxides (d) Neutral oxides () — An aluminium rod dipped in iron sulphate solution displaces iron from the solution. This indicates that (a) Aluminium is more reactive than iron (b) Both are equally reactive (c) Iron is more reactive than aluminium (d) It is not possible to predict the chemical reactivity Q4 Solve the crossword given below: Across 2. Aprocess of slowly eating away of metals 9. Metals have high strength 10. This metal is liquid at room temperature 50Bp nctomcal 11. A process of coating the surface acuncsy f . 12. The hardest non- metal oa 13. Non-metal with a shining surface (Class - vip Down 1. A method of preventing corrosion 2. A process of giving a coating of chromium 3. A characteristic of metal 4. Anoble gas 5. A mineral deposit from which metal can be extracted economically 6. The element chlorine can be classified as a 7. Ametal which is non- malleable and brittle 8. Metal obtained from the ore hematite fH 2 B IT] | L) | f 6 | E » |_| e ] ho R| | pe J 7 at {fe B {IN| a N : L iat N i 13 |R [ LI