usw Ur ess Conservative nature than those sponsored y AAA; and regional and international exhibitions ‘voted exclusively to prints, such as the Northwest intmakers Society, the Philadelphia Print Club, and ternational biennials of prints in Cincinnati, Ljubljana, d Tokyo. Thus, in the United States and elsewhere, the ed to show and distribute the outpourings of the print rkshops produced new organizations that in turn further couraged the creation of prints. WK Work, _ Which of the following could be expected of a disciple of Lasanky? A) Viewing the intricacies of print production as a necessary but uninteresting part of their art B) Focusing on the mass production or distribution of new prints GY Forgoing the composition stage in the creation of new art D) Advocating that artists work in m formats :Er 2. Which choice provides the best evidence forthe Answer to the previous question? r 1 f AS Lines 5-8 (However, i 'ver, in most ... exclusively") B) Lines 19-20 c*Itis the ...e > oe +. €ntrance them") (Dozens of prints... . buildings”) (Students who fell... e. ° | In lines 11-14, the author asserts that Callot and Meryon A) ae collaborated with Hayter in pioneering the role of “printmaker” Were more concemed with producing large ‘numbers of prints than Hayter’s disciples had been found complete satisfaction in the creating art through a print medium were difficult to distinguish from earlier artists, like Hayter , r D) . E) ey 4. The author contends that “printmakers of the .. twentieth century” (lines 13-16) J A) were more concerned with the quantity of their prints than with the intricacy of their work B) were often distracted from their primary intention by the complexity of printmaking Ow | (oy © & were fulfilled by the act of printmaking itself, D) wanted to achieve international recognition for their groundbreaking work ye ee A) ” ee e - -2) ; - 5. The author quotes Sylvan Cole in lines 24-29 in order to A) demonstrate how Cole changed the art of printmaking during the turn of the century B) introduce the term “Abstract Expressionist” and ‘examine its place in the art movement ©) explain the relationship between printmaking and painting : provide support for his assertions about the new developments in printmaking 6. The purpose of the second paragraph (lines 30-34) in “2. to the passage is to wide support for the idea that modern ati ged only after World War IT + with the long established a distinct art form ate while mass production was a secondary concer ¢;,\y a 7. In ine 34, “adornment” most nearly means > aundaion 5 neuny » (BY decoration, D) construction ©) enjoyment " J ‘The purpose of the G.1. Bill, mentioned in line 3S, was to ‘A) allow veterans to bypass college in order to i, ‘concentrate on anise allow veterans Jcotleges or specialized schools by offerifiy assistance after the war C)_ provide the “lost” veterans with a place to study D) established art institutions af 9. In tine 41 , “lost” most nearly means. 4 unfound desperate aimless aberrant 10. ‘The author attributes the “phenomenal expansion of art education” (lines 50-51) primarily to er increased membership in the military » B) the appeal of art departments both to veterans who had graduated from college and to those who had not ©) the State University of Iowa's groundbreaking ‘work in recruiting students : the influence in the late 1940s of the famous “Organization Man” D) nn. In the final paragraph, the author cites which of the following effects of the “proliferation of places where printmaking was taught” (line 63) in the United States? Aorodane x troubles scientists most about these “perfect storms” is not only their potential for ae iach but also the fact that they are soXdifficult 10 40" ope thing, remartabe though these Flas OSeOFTRS might be, they are still a relatively rare phenomenon, the few ae s regarding major CMEs provid rs one : researchers with Scarf information from which to draw a hee fen an have disastrous conclusions about their behavior. Solar storm watchers * consequences for life here on Earth, The geomagnetic ee z stormis tase , 38 are frustrated by yet another limitatiog® time) CMEs aren jenon, These storms begin on the aber known to travel through space at speeds approact es Peres 'S million miles per hour, which means iso ‘electromagnetic ae ion. These bursts thrust billions &° 93 million tilse between the sun and the in wel of tons of ionized gas, known as plasma, into space; rider 20 ure es 1¢ have been known to travel the s @ these solar projections as coronal mass yy Is Tittle as 14 hours.) The difficulties create After this initial explosion, the CME by this narrow window of opportunity are compounde shower of particles. also known as a the fact that scientists are able to determine the orient continuously rains down on the Earth of a CMEs magnetic field only about 30 minutes befor Ae it reaches the atmosphere, giving them little or no time ‘Tecorded instance of a major CME occurred in 4.predict the storm's potential impact on the SuFTae- fesulting geomagnetic storm knocked out NY Some world governments hope to combat this prot ower grid, depriving over six million ‘> by placing a satellite in orbit arqund the sun to monito ‘of power for an extended period. As activity on its pee eters that this will buy singly dependent on new technologies Scientists more time to predict the occurrence and inte Ives in our day-to-day activities, the %@ of geomagnetic storms. fn the Meantime, many energ; ‘Wrought by a major CME becomes even providers are responding to the CME threat by (install ientists conjecture that a “perfect Y i Saee voltage control equipment and limiting the yolu ” would have the potential to knock out power grids qi electricity generated by some power stations. ss the globe and create disruptions in the orbit of low- i —_—_ ‘Communication satellites, rendering SUCH SaeTlites ractically useless. —~ Geomagnetic Storm Activity as Measured by Change in Disturbance Storm index (DST) ‘ange in DST (nano-Tesla) sesso 82 8s | Greatest Ch, 7 a $22. With whieh ofthe following staoments would the i Author of this article be most likely to aproe'? A) CME are a subject of interest but little practical importance, because there is nothing that can be done to minimize their impact, B) Inthe next decade, w perfect storm will pe Power supplies and cause extensive ‘i inconvenience and loss of services, We should learn more about the potential dangers of CMEs, but few steps can be jaken to. alter such storms’ effects. D) Each of us should view a sipnificam CME / 4 real possibility but should also expect that , leaders will have effective protective measures in place before such an event 13. Which of the following can most reasonably be inferred about the significant CME that took place in 19897 A) Because of the hysteria caused by this storm, scientists and world leaders are more fearful of future storms than they are willing to express publicly. 8) ‘The next geomagnetic storm that occurs will be much worse. C) , Its effects were limited to knocking out a power Of rid. depriving customers of power for a week. “(D) A geomagnetic storm of similar magnitude ~~ could easily cause more extensive damage and hardship in today’s society. ghy( iti 4.. The information presented in the graph above supports which of the following claims made by the author? MES can travel between the sun and the earth in under 20 hours. f }) The last recorded instance of a major CME ‘occurred in 1989. : ©) A perfect storm has the power to disrupt power D) ee storms thrust billions of tons of ionized gas into space. ji i which of cing tothe data in the graph above, | Se haley canbe infer about the pate in i tivity between geomagnetic storm activity Jeti storm activity increased A 16, Ar/aved in tine 39, "soune” mant neatly mene ) fied, 1B) exhaustive ©) excensive. D) appropriate Foes ete 17, The author frst ‘keomagnetic storms in order J {0 illustrate Which of the following claims? VA) Many energy companies are installing voltage control equipment and limiting the amount of re power used by power stations Despite the widespread notion that the sun has apparently limited effects on Barth, certain ‘events on the sun can in fact have serious consequences for our planet. ©) Itis an incontrovertible fact that the sun has Virtually no effect on our planet. D)_ Major CMEs ate a relatively rare phenomenon, despite the fact that they have been known to travel between the sun and the Earth in under 20 si) hours. 18. Which choice provides the best evidence for the answer to the previous question? A) Lines 6-8 (“These storms , electromagnetic, radiation.”) B) Lines 8-11 (“These bursts . . . coronal mass ejections.” Te ieee the sun”) p Lines 15-18 ("The late : lent period.") 19, ‘The author uses the term “compounded by” line 41 a) q reove (nada os b ‘emphasize the fact that these researchers face even more stringent time limits than those already mentioned. <2 DOW B) assert that the scientists working to predict CMEs are not given adequate time to do 80 succsflly sate C) disprove the notion vient affects the length of time available: esJ 20. Which of the following were mentioned as factors F f 2 contributing to the difficulty of forecasting CMEs' J. Limited available reaction time in which to determine orientation nL. The tendency of voltage controls to be Pema by lecical uses A 1 eit n, icie upon which to base assessments GMJorm Dea INS ders about CMEs and their effects litry on Barth, ers that CMEs are a problem ts and individual citizens about a Potentially dangerous and the difficulties in addressing~ pease 22-32 ure based on the following passage, a {ilaPled from Maxwell Fore Stellar Bodies: An \y: troduction. St. James Press, 1994 Passage 1 Tin bce Wouy (ovtted, . *ePt of lask holes is not new; it Also arises in Newignian gravity (aplace joined sorta ar const , inted OWTIn 1824 that if a = ‘small enough package, the . ight. No ight eap get ou, though light and matter ‘can enter. Simply ada the speed limit afc from special Spe Tvity. and you have a one-way ticket into the universe nothing that goes in can ever get out, NaNO ; In general relativity, unlike Laplace’ ye... lativity, unlike Laplace's case, 's Rot just fall back. It simply travels on curved Qe “Raller than the size of the Out of space-time. 2 ‘The density of matter required is phenomenal. Our sun v.. light hs stat. The star is thus plieked Passage 2 Astrophysicist Stephen Hawking has suggested existence of mini black holes. There is no. ee evidence for a mini hole. but they plausible. HaKing has deduced that small black notes can ‘seem to emit energy in the form of elementary particles 45 (neutrinos, ete). The mini holes would thus evaporate and disappear. This may seem to contradict the Concepe that ‘mass can't escape from a black hoje, but when we consider cfecael qa mons cf are whet that we have disa far is insufficient. Hawking Suggests that a black hole so affects the space near it that « pair of particles—a nuclear particle and its entiparticle— can form simultaneously, The antiparticle disappears into the black bole, an the remain pare Festhes we. Emission from black holes is significant only for 5S the smallest ones, for the amount of radiation increases DP _ would have to be only a ewmies in diameter to become 2% pinta estore sober Sn ge jMack hole, The pressure generated by thAquclear“flame') aye had time 1 di Since the origi vers: in its heart prevents it from collapsing. Even when the sun Hawking's ideas SC Homec Tinton tae ered ae 2 finally exhausts jts fuel, we do not expect it to become a 49 now in existence, since we think the mini black holes black hole but simply to collapse t a form Caled ajwhite ere haceasa ar thirst econ ca niaw tate wart > wi02 6H universe PP 20 A star5 to 10 times heavier han our sun would have gravity enough to pul it through the white-dwarf stage PP tothe black-hole stage. Whether heavy stars actually do this is anyone's guess. Stellar collapse usually leads, BI eaplocioa Ths grou pnt othr adPVna iow) 25 @wa}, and whether enough remains to make a black hole is hard to say-Wedo know that enough often remains to form a neutron star,there is one in the center, ‘rab yo Nebula, @ ‘f a supernova recorded in{1054) Since the minimum mass for a black hole is not much greater J 50. than for a neutron star, i175 Tifely that they do sometimes form. Grom Negtvon ghorss yor obvious reasons, a black hole is nearly impossible to detect. Our best bet i is absorbing ‘matter at a substantial rate. This can happen if the black hole has a nearby binary partner and draws in hot gases from its companion’s atmosphere. As they fall, the Gases radiate lighD)the higher the acceleration, the greater the i. A black hole has oe song ‘enough gravity to make x-rays come out * G dake _ We c é On the other extreme of mass, we can consider what black hole would be like if it contained a very large number of solar masses. Thus far, we have considered ‘onlyAblack holes the mass of a star or smaller, Such black holes form afier a stage of ; But the more mass involved. the lower the density needed for a black hole to form. For a very massive black hole, the density would be 70 fairlylox. = Sdlyor” 6s ‘Thus if we were traveling through the universe ina spaceship, we couldn't count on detecting a black hole by noticing 2 volume of high density. We could pass through a nigh-mass black hole without even noticing. We would 75 never be able to get out, but hours on our watches could pass before we would notice that we were being drawn potce awe into the center at an aécelerating rate.§. As used in line 17, the word “exhausts” most nearly “mean AAS maak ep. 2 eHrUVer > (OO 'B) squanders. {from Passage | that the best way to isto density of a star. tS next to each other. es the best evidence for the question? * 24-26 ("The greater . . .t0 say.”) Lines 38-39 (“A black . . . come out.”) 3S onwords) > primary purpose of Passage 2 is to discuss the theoretical existence of black holes of extreme sizes. <> Gy, explain the ratio of mass to density within mini black holes. describe Stepben Hawking’s significance as a premier physicist. cite the many different mini black holes observed by astronomers. —"S At gogo sed in line 44, the word “elementary” most nearly s basic SimPMS pb scholastic. theoretical. AN Postitls electric. emissions (cele a) vs In can be inferred that the emission from mini black holes is significant only for the smallest black holes (lines $7-58) because ‘A) the amount of radiation released by mini black holes is miniscule compared to that emitted by larger black holes. B) nearly all notable astronomers have attempted to disprove the trend. cast? ee emissions from black holes are inversely ional to the size of black holes. D) larger black holes disappear before they have = chance to emit radiation. 30. The last paragraph of Passage 2 uses the spaceship scenario in order to A) prove the existence of a much-discussed -) hypothetical phenomenon. g illustrate an abstract theory with some concrete details, C) warn future theorists of the danger of tenuous evidence. D) add credence to an otherwise flimsy hypothesis, 31. ‘The authors of Passage | and Passage 2 would probably agree that which of the following is an identifying factor of a star capable of becoming & black hole? A) The number of asteroids nearby B) The pathway of the emitted light The presence of quasars ) Wsmass and dengy 1 (4.uV5 ey With which of the following statements would the author of Passage 2 most likely dispute the statement in lines 6-8 of Passage 1? 5 hb tis possible for only extraordinarily powerful energy emissions to escape black holes. B) While nothing can escape a black hole, it is unlikely that any matter can go in. ' ©) Hawking theorized that can, in| ‘escape a mini black hole. i D) Black holes do exist, but it is i theorize about their eraviww » Reading Drill 4 Roreack question ih this section, cirute the letter of the best answer from among the choices given, we ‘Questions 1-12 are based on the following passage, ‘82003, in a war that was billed as one of self-dofemse, * George W. Bush was promising Americans, "I RE PH. i ataprend from « 2009 book looking ot ‘retire oor nel aaa tka Vesa (oka és, Enreyean anid American) attempes 10 hush isthe inherior of long tradition of this beliet o mmndermize the Middle Kast and other regions: in the power of Western aon ‘This influence, m ere ‘Shas not been a pure force for good. While Western systems of government were created as responses to nation states alia royal tradiions, non-Western nations have their own, ‘set of foundations and (raditions. The earliest colonial governments in these non-Western regions were run by S* Westerners. But now that the colonial governments have ‘been kicked out, a system of rule by the actual people who The internacional history of the twentieth century Ss overflowing with Westen projects to modernize the Mille Bast. The United States, and England 10 a Hm lesser degree, have thed to bring freedom to oppressed > peoples throughout the region, and as the word “freedom” ye implcn thi asa philanthropic mission, Presiden live in these non- Western nations smut be soenething eae, Rutt Clinton, for example, is still praised for his rote in ‘Th ls one oiegle ha named ter eae gp _egshsPulewinian peace talks even as his other fares as applicable vo alls chizets ok Ua emeas* Paea ane accomplishments gained froot page news in the Mid 49 -pontupal” ex “The United Steen” are te thelt oe pie” 1000s His evenhanded, mediating role helped to ave ‘eginen: For oasey Wesco Garver these warring states from total destruction, This attitude and ukimeely trames a more lool Seestieaaison of toward non-Western regions, the belief that the West's town, city. or state. n Iraq, as the Bush administration BS syeses ot goreranecy cen bale sara tha Pet ofthe ee eee aumbes ot eae eeecbana tn Middle Eas ‘or Latin America, is a holdover from 45 pational similarities. Approximately 65 percent of those Belicia meen) repr salen corel. nae eal irate) these Fepions with militaries rather than diplomats, It may Shia country? To an extent, maybe, but Sunni Muslims Its seis se unc ecking, soneees sheher Seance ieee represent a powerful and yocal minority, and the northern ‘of government are universally applicable, That is to say, regions of Iraq comprise a semiautonomous region of perhaps the Western valve of “freedom”—as it relates t+» third group, the Kurds. The Western notions of nation= markets, speech. and behaviors—is not one that is shared above: all and religious coexistence can’t maintain in by people outside the West. Unrest in the Middle East and this and other countries because the valve systems have ‘other non-Western regions can only continue until new developed so independently of these notions. . ” systems of governance begin to emerge from the regions As in many other parts of the world, “Iraqi freedom’ of themssives ~ (lla, ) 28 was defined by someone other than the tragis themselves. ‘These modernization projects bear an eerie Western civilizing efforts have always been based on resemblance tothe “eivilizing missions” of Buropean nations in the nineteenth century. These missions ee always begin with the premise that those ia non-Western nations are unable to govern themselves. In most cases, om the result is little more than a large-scale, prolonged clash of cultures, in which prejudices toward the “poor e souls” who can’t take care of themselves only become that much firmer in the minds of the ua-self-consciousfrom a variety of backgrounds le East peace was only one of ‘minor accomplishments, Systems of government are universally ‘applicable line 18) because they A) are too reliam ‘upon ancient forms of non- Wester government B) refuse to recognize the accomplishments of diplomats like Bil] Clinton, ©) have as their only goal the introduction of ‘S00ds into non-Western markets. PP) may not be the most appropriate forms of Boverment for those outside the West, i ing 24 4. Which of the following best states how the peoples mentioned in line feel about West-influenced governments? A) They despise the governments because they are hopelessly corrupt, B) They question the ability of their fellow citizens to govern them. 6 They doubt that the 8overnments have delivered on all that they have promised, D) They suppor the new regime because it Fepresents a change from old ways, W's. According ote author, what has change sioce the Seventeenth century (line 39)? A). Native citizens are now in open conflict with | Wester-siyle goverments B) Middle Eastern government officials look tothe West for models of how to govern ‘©} Regions that were once considered model Civilizations are no longer thought of as ideals 'D) People in non-Western countries are not to compromise in a way that supports democracy [ 6. ‘The statement that Western influence as not been a ms Pure force for good (line 50) suggests that the author, in general, believes that A) people in the Middie East would prefer to have their fellow citizens in high government positions, B) people in the Middle East have not necessarily benefited from Western-style governments. ©) voters in Middle East elections wish there were ‘more candidates from the West. D) forms of democracy in the Middle East are more advanced than those in the West. ats As used in line 62 A) kicks out B) defeats by force. beautifies. is more important than, umps” most nearly means 4 8 Asused in line 71, “maintain” most nearly means A) work, B) repair. C) hang. D) build, + Which ofthe following, if true, would refute the claim, made in lines 74-75 (“As ... themselves”) A) The Wester influence in the Middle East has not been able to overcome is10. Which of the following best describes the sentence in lines 84-86 (“Certainly ... been”)? A) Aresponse to argument B) An idea developed further in other works by the author ©) Atangent that the author considers necessary for his main point hone battery. 75 resolution would eventually reveal itself to him, that it -arrying a miniature tape would suddenly occur to him where to turn around, what s for that. as well. The to do. On one occasion, he drove through three different ticularly perplexing to states before finding his way back to the office, well after Ro possible use for it in his dark, his suit rumpled, but his blue necktie still flying d about the tape recorder, 80 proudly. “I might need it.” That much, ~— hey let the matter drop. To veling with a tape recorder S not the oddest thing oworkers were concerned. oming were impeccable, his similar, if not identical, from rkers surmised that he owned i same cut, in just two colors, an ee Pee 23. The primary purpose of the passage is to eatly written out in his own, sit (the only handwriting he A) recount the mishaps of a man driving toa ld say). The directions ‘ business meeting rd within easy view, on a ‘By ‘BY chronicle the idiosyncrasies of a traveling lidn’t actually need the ( businessman e had already committed C) provide a detailed description of a day in the life were in the car with him of a salesperson mpossibility since William ‘D)) explain a man’s lateness to his co-workers in the car during business OUS to, of course), you 24. The list of items in William’s briefcase (lines 15-18) ny of lefts and rights; serves to, and route numbers in )/ give an indication of the compulsive nature of William's ti ine until something Preparations. B 5 B) illustrate the stupidity of William's | pi C)_ show that William was a conse’ fe dhe a D) describe all the items William Jost command of his at a business *ppointmenty would remain, however, « e eo S eo ie e e e e e e e e e e aAa. ‘The reference to maps (ine 69) implies that William —— A) has much to learn about navigation iy : a pany indifferent pou eT ‘eye for detail overtly condescendin; e Cava D) does not trust the orderliness of most maps 32. The av refers bia” necktie" W x. ‘Which choice provides the best evidence for the J wee, aoe! Near e = a ‘answer to the previous question? he 3 3 i .) the importance William places on his hygiene ‘AY, Lines 7-9 (“It was certainly .. errors”) and grooming ll Lines 25-28 (“To be sure . is silty to eapiny dignity dose bis ala ©) Lines 53-55 (“He would rem C) the lack of variety in his wardrobe _ D) Lines 77-80 (“On one occasion . . ” 1D) his obtiviousness to the fact the he caused his own tardiness: 27. William’s answer to his coworkers” questions about __ his tape recorder (lines 19-25) implies that he > A) knows much more about the applications of : technology in business than they do o B) records business conversations in order to have »” proof of what was discussed G_ believes it is best to be prepared for any contingency y { D) feels that their questions are rude and intrusive 28. William’s preparations for his business meetings are pe best described as A) professional pt B) careless ‘ ©) useful yh Dy fruitless 29. As used in line 44, “anxious” most nearly means A), nervous. B) eager—— C) uneasy. Z D) stressed. 30. As used in lines 51-53 “command” most nearly means o A) power. i B) authority.