Mycobacterium

-developmental notes:
=Mycobacterium is first isolated by robert koch as the cause of tuberculosis
=other distribution of koch in microbiology: koch’s postulate, solid culture
=Mycobacterium bovis- TB in cattle, since nag-ccause ng TB sa cattles, in TB we have a vaccine called BCG vaccine na
kasama si TB ang laman nung vaccine is the Mycobacterium bovis because they have the same structure w/ the
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
=Mycobacterium avium- TB in chicken
= runyon’s classification: nonphotochromogens, photochromogens, scotochromogens(based on pigment prodution)
=(based on growth characteristics)- rapid growing and slow growing Mycobacteria

General characteristics:
-strictly aerobic and can tolerate C02 capnophilic
-rapid growing Mycobacteria- growth w/in less than 7 days
-slow growing Mycobacteria- growth in more than 7 days

-Mycobacterium tuberculosis
- also known as the koch’s Bacillus
- usually transmitted via airborne and will enter the respiratory tract
-it can cause a primary tuberculosis- children can also be affected
-specimen of choice: sputum…deep cough, usually early morning for 3 consecutive days
-can also cause reactivation tuberculosis- reoccurring TB
-can also cause extrapulmonary tuberculosis-”extra” means infection outside the lungs
-miliary TB- life-threatening type of TB, large amount of bacteria travels w/in the bloodstream then will spread throughout
the body

Colonial appearance
-optimal growth occurs 35-37 degree celsius, appears tan to buff, dry w/ rough appearance, usually has the “cauliflower
appearance”
-for prevention we have BCG vaccine(bacillus calmette-guerine)an attenuated form means weakened form of
Mycobacterium bovis. Since tuberculosis and bovis have the same structure there is what we called cross-reactivity
in serology meaning pwedeng mag-react yung mga cells natin with the same structure.

-Mycobacterium bovis
-colony appearance is similar w/ tuberculosis, appearance in middlebrook 7H10 is “water droplets colony”

-Nontuberculous Mycobacteria
-these can be found in soil and water and have been implicated as an opportunistic pathogens especially to patientts w/
lung disease
- they are classified as slow growing and rapid growing
-example of slow growing spp.:
1 ) Mycobacterium avium complex(MAC) these organisms are common environmental saphofides can recover from water
soil even dust inside the house or ther environmental sources. Is what we called as “battey bacillus”
2 ) Mycobacterium avium subsp. Hominissuis- responsible for most human infections
3 ) Mycobacterium intracellulare- produces buff colonies, nonpigmented, optimal growth temp is 37 degree Celsius
4 ) Mycobacterium avium subsp. Paratuberculosis- causative agent of johne disease
5 ) Mycobacterium kansasii- second cause of nontuberculous mycobacteria. Chronic pulmonary disease- resembles TB
involves the upper lobes (lungs)usually with lesion and scarring.
6 ) Mycobacterium genavense
7 ) Mycobacterium haemophilum- unique for the requirement of hemoglobin and hemin for growth. Optimal growth temp
is 28-32 degree celsius.
8 ) Mycobacterium marinum- “of the sea” the can cause swimming pool granuloma- is more serious form of infection in
w/c there’s a formation of nodules that can lead to ulcer
9 ) Mycobacterium scrofulaceum-scotochromogenic
10 ) Mycobacterium simiae- photochromogenic
11 ) Mycobacterium szulgai