SINGAPORE STANDARD CP34:1985 SN (UDC 661.91:621.6.036) CODE OF PRACTICE FOR Bulk Liquid Oxygen Storage Installations On User Premises COMPLIMENTARY Singapore Institute of Standards and Industrial ResearchNANYANG TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE LIBRARY PRESENTED BY SISIR Ace.No___(° 93458 1 Date of Acc, __ 8 AUG. 1986 e Call No. SINGAPORE STANDARD CP34:1985 (UDC 661.91:621.6.036) CODE OF PRACTICE FOR Bulk Liquid Oxygen Storage Installations On User Premises COMPLINENTARY Copyright Reserved Singapore Institute of Standards and Industrial Research 179 River Valley Road, Singapore 0617 Cable: SISIR SINGAPORE Telex: RS 28499 SISIR ISBN 9971-67-151-4CP 34: 1985 This Singapore Standard having been approved by the Industry Standards Committee was endorsed by the Standards Council on 10 December 1985. First published, 1986. The Chemical Industry Standards Committee appointed by the Standards Council consists of the following members: Name Organization Chairman: Assoc Prof Sim Keng Yeow Individual Capacity Deputy Dr Lim Choon Siew Singapore Institute of Standards and Industrial Chairman: Research Secretary: Mrs Tan-Chan Lean Hong _Singapore Institute of Standards and Industrial Research Members: Mr Chua Teck Hock Department of Scientific Services Mr Ho Bo Lum Individual Capacity Dr Lee Swee Yong National University of Singapore Mr Ng Huah Heng Singapore Manufacturers’ Association Mr Ng Kok Pek Institution of Engineers, Singapore Dr Ng Tju Lik Singapore National Institute of Chemistry Dr Tan Thiam Chye National University of Singapore Mr Yeow Kian Peng Singapore Polytechnic ‘The Technical Committee appointed by the Chemical Industry Standards Committee and responsible for the preparation of this standard, consists of representatives from the following organizations: Name Organization Chairman: Mr Go Heng Huat Department of Industrial Safety - Secretary: Mrs Tan-Chan Lean Hong Singapore Institute of Standards and Industrial Research Members: Dr Lee Swe Yong Chemical Industry Standards Committee Mr Pang Mun Hung Registry of Vehicles Mr Derek G Pereira Fire Safety Bureau, Singapore Fire Service Mr Tan Guan Joo Individual Capacity To keep abreast of technological changes and new technical developments in the manufacturing sector, Singapore Standards are subject to periodical review, Revisions of Singapore Standards are announced through the issue either of amendment slips or of revised editions, Physical constants of oxygen Hazards and precautions Location of bulk liquid oxygen storage installation - Distances between bulk liquid oxygen storage container and Warning notices and caution labellingTerie CP 34 : 1985 SINGAPORE STANDARD CODE OF PRACTICE FOR BULK LIQUID OXYGEN STORAGE INSTALLATIONS ON USER PREMISES FOREWORD A Technical Committee had earlier drawn up a Singapore Standard on the caution labelling of hazardous substances. This Committee further identified that it was necessary to formulate Codes of Practice on the transportation and ‘storage of three broad classes of hazardous substances namely (1) toxic chemicals and pesticides, (2) flammable substances and (3) industrial gases. " pine Singapore Standard Code of Practice was drawn up by the Technical Committee ‘on the Transportation and Storage of Industrial Gases and was appro\ i Industry Standards Committee. ET n preparing this Code of Practice, reference was made to the following publications: (1) IGC document contained in CPA/B1 (Issue No. 2) d: ent . 2) dated 27 August 1969 and further qualified by CPI Recommendations 1971 ‘Code of Practice for Bulk Liquid Oxygen on Customer's Sites’. (2) SOXAL publication “The Safe Use of Oxygen in Industrial Process’, (3) NFPA 50 : 1979 ‘Standard for Bulk Oxygen Systems at Consumer Sites’. (4) AS 1894 1976 ‘Code of Practice for the Safe Handling of Cryogenic Fluids’. (5) Handbook of Compressed Gases, Compressed G: eeneboo edconen , Comp jas Association, Inc., New York, (6) ene + 1982 ‘The Storage and Handling of Flammable and Combustible ids ‘Acknowledgement is made for the use of information from these publications. CP 34: 1985 1, SCOPE 1.1 This Code of Practice covers the general principles recommended for bulk liquid oxygen storage installations on industrial and institutional user premises where the supply to the user premises originates outside the user premises and is delivered by mobile equipment. Where there is any doubt, the advice of the competent authority and the oxygen supplier should be sought. 1.2 This code covers an installation, on user premises, where the capacity of liquid is more than 500 litres or less than 100,000 litres. 1.3 More extensive safety precautions must be employed where extreme hazards are involved, as in highly congested areas or where associated equipment has only a small safety margin. The relevant authority may specify these additional safety requirements. 1.4. The observance of any Statutory provision remains the responsibil 2. DEFINITIONS For the purpose of this Code, the following terms are defined: 2.1. Bulk Liquid Oxygen Storage Installation. A bulk liquid oxygen storage installat is the total assembly of liquid storage containers together with their associated gaseous storage, evaporating equipment and controls, connected in service, in a static position, to supply a user with liquid or gaseous oxygen. 2.2 Flammable Liquid. Any liquid having a flashpoint of not more than 61°C. Any liquid having a flashpoint of more than 61°C. 2.3 Combustible Liq 3. PHYSICAL CONSTANTS OF OXYGEN International symbol 0. 2 Molecular weight 31.999 Boiling point at 1 atm =183,0°C Freezing point at 1 atm -218.4°C Density of the gas at 27°C and 1 atm 1.30 kg/m? Liquid/gas ratio (liquid at boiling point, gas at 27°C 1 and 1 atm), vol/vol a8 4. HAZARDS AND PRECAUTIONS 4.1. Oxygen is an active element which, although non-flammable, supports combustion and which combines, directly or indirectly with all elements except the rare gases neon, helium, argon, krypton, xenon and radon. 4.2 Gaseous oxygen is colourless, odourless and tasteless. The gas is non-toxic and non irritant.CP 34 : 1985 43 Liquid oxygen is pale blue, slightly heavier than water and non-flammable, 4.4 Fire or explosion cannot normally occur without the following three elements being present: (i) The igniter (ii) ‘The material for combustion (ili) The oxidant Where any one of the above elements is present, circumstances may arise whereby the other two elements may coincide. Although the presence of one element may be unavoidable the other two elements must not coincide simultaneously. Conditions which may lead to the coincidence of the three elements cannot be tolerated, (i) The igniter. Any source of heat should be considered a possible igniter in the Presence of oxygen and combustible material. (ii) The material for combustion. Generally, in the presence of oxygen or oxygen: enriched atmosphere, almost all materials can be considered combustible. (iii) The oxidant, The oxidant can be oxygen in liquid or gaseous form. 45 Gaseous oxygen, although slightly heavier than air, will disperse rapidly in a well ventilated area, However, it can remain for long periods in cavities, trenches, vessels, pipes and personal clothing. Due to leakage, oxygen-enriched air may accumulate in confined spaces where pipelines may run, such as ducts or rooms with no ventilation, In all such cases, the atmosphere and any material suspected of oxygen enrichment shall be checked with suitable gas detection equipment, analysed and purged, if necessary before a person can enter or an igniter can be introduced. 46 Liquid oxygen will settle at low levels and the gas formed will be cold and heavy so that dispersal is much slower than for gas at room temperature. It will also seep into and through Porous materials, fissures in soil, concrete and roadways, and through drains and jucts. 4.7 Liquid oxygen and cold gaseous oxygen because of its low temperature, may Permanently damage skin and flesh if in contact for more than a moment. 48 Being odourless and colourless, gaseous oxygen is not easy to detect by the senses, Detection shail be by analysis. 4.9 Penetration of clothing by oxygen shall be prevented because in this state a minute particle of hot ash from a pipe or cigarette can ignite the clothing which will burst into a ierce flame. 4.10 Oxygen shall not be used as a substitute for nitrogen or air. 4.11. Oil and greases shall not be allowed to come into contact with oxygen and equipment used for oxygen service. 4.12 All equipment shall be specifically designed, protected and prepared for oxygen service 4.13 Good housekeeping to prevent contamination by combustible or loose debris is an overall requirement. Weeds and long grass shall be cut back within 4.5 m of any bulk liquid ‘oxygen storage container. CP 34: 1985 5, LOCATION OF BULK LIQUID OXYGEN STORAGE INSTALLATION 5.1 Outdoor Installations 5.1.1 A separate site shall be chosen which is for the exclusive use of the bulk installation, and shall be suitably prepared. The base of the site shall be raised sufficiently above ground level to avoid ponding and shall be made of concrete or similar inorganic and non-porous substance. The installation shall be clearly defined and surrounded by an open design and non-combustible barrier, provided with adequate emergency exits clearly marked. Where occupancy or use of the adjacent area constitutes a hazard, this may be protected against leakage by a kerb not more than 230mm high with openings to direct liquid and cold vapour to a safe place. ioned to the satisfaction of the 5.1.2 The equipment shall be installed, tested and comm: ‘oxygen supplier. 5.1.3 The installation shall avoid, as far as possible, pipelines carrying flammable liquids or gases. Where unavoidable, ensure that the pipeline is continuous (i.e. no joints). The pipeline shall not be in a trench and shall be positioned as far away as possible from any likely source of liquid oxygen spillage. 5.14 Installations shall not be sited on top of e» buildings. Where they are required to be at high level, they shall be sited on top of purpose-designed and purpose-built supporting structures, having due regard to the effects of possible liquid spillage on adjacent structures and plant, 5.2 Indoor Installation. Where it is not possible to have a separate building for the exclusive use of the installation and plant space forms part of existing buildings, separate compartments may be erected subject to approval from the relevant authority. The actual space shall be entirely separated by means of a continuous partition of non-combustible material from floor to ceiling or roof and one wall shall be an outside one, wire meshed if necessary to provide good ventilation. Where wire mesh is provided, the equipment shall be of weather-proofed type and extra care taken to keep clean from airborne dirt. The installation shall be erected at ground level and no trenches, manholes, cable ducts, gullies or traps shall be allowed in the enclosure. An adequate emergency exit, additional to the door used for filling the installation, shall be provided. Should this exit communicate with existing buildings, it shall be fitted with a 150 mm deep still to prevent the escape of liquid. 6. DISTANCES BETWEEN BULK LIQUID OXYGEN STORAGE CONTAINER AND EXPOSURES 6.1. The minimum distances from any bulk liquid oxygen storage container to various types of exposures, meaured in the most direct line shall be as indicated in Table 1 6.2. The minimum distances tabulated in Table 1 are illustrated in Fig'1, which is included for information purposes only. 7. ACCESS 7.1. Access To Mobile Supply Equipment And Authorised Personnel 7.1.1 It is considered essential that when any tanker is in position for filling the installation, it shall be in the open and shall not be in a walled enclosure from which the escape of liquid or heavy vapour is restricted, Tankers shall have easy access to the installation at all times.CP 34: 1985 7.1.2 The driver shall have unobstructed freedom of movement between his tanker and the controls at the storage tank, 7.1.3 Authorised persons shall have easy access to the installation at all times. 7.2 Construction Of Hardstanding 7.2.1 & hardstanding shall be provided for any bulk liquid oxygen storage installation. This hardstanding area shall extend at least 1m from points at ground level upon which any leakage of liquid oxygen might fall during operation of the system and filling of a storage container. Such an area shall be at least 2.5 m in the transverse direction and at least the full width of the vehicle if delivery is by tanker. 7.2.2 The hardstanding shall be of concrete or similar inorganic, non-combustible and Non-porous substance. Asphalt, chippings and tar-based substances constitute a hazard and if saturated with liquid oxygen, an explosion could be caused by a falling weight or tyre friction. 7.3 Non-access To Public. In view of the possible danger of contact with oxygen liquid or vapour which may be spilled during the process of filling, a standing space from which the Public can be excluded shall be provided for the tanker whilst filling a bulk oxygen storage installation. A tanker shall not stand on the public highway or public ground whilst in the Process of transferring liquid to or from a stationary container. 8. WARNING NOTICES AND CAUTION LABELLING 8.1 Notices carrying the words “LIQUID OXYGEN” shall be prominently displayed, It is also vital to warn that smoking or naked flames near the installation is strictly prohibited. 8.2 Suitable warning notices, forbiding access to the installation by all unauthorised Persons, shall be prominently displayed. 8.3 Before putting the installation into full operation, controls for emergency operation shall be clearly labelled. Emergency operating instructions shall be displayed immediately adjacent to the emergency controls. These must be kept up to date and legible. fion for Caution 8.4 Caution labelling shall be in accordance with SS 286 : 1984 ‘Specific Labelling for Hazardous Substances’. 9. MODIFICATIONS 9.1. Supplier-owned equipment shall not be modified by the ust 9.2. Users’ equipment shall not be modified without reference to the oxygen supplier, 10. VENTILATION 10.1 The compartment containing storage and vaporising equipment shall be properly ventilated. Openings used for access and/or for ventilation shall lead to a safe place i.e, where there is free escape for cold vapour at ground level and where there will be no accumulation of combustible material liable to form a hazard. CP 34: 1985 10.2. In certain installations forced draught will be necessary. Taking account of the possible hazards, expert consideration must be given to the design of ventilation facilities in such installations, 11. COUPLINGS n shall be designed exclusively Hose couplings for liquid transfer used in th for liquid oxygen use. 12. FABRICATION 12.1. Bulk liquid oxygen storage containers shall be designed, constructed and tested in accordance with the appropriate requirements of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section VII! — Unfired Pressure Vessels, or equivalent. 12.2 Piping and tubing shall conform to American National Standard Code for Pressure ing, Chemical Plant and Petroleum Refinery Piping ANS! B31.3 or equivalent. 12.3 Bulk liquid oxygen storage containers, regardless of design pressure shall be equipped with safety relief devices as required by the Code used in Subsection 12.1. 12.4 Equipment making up a bulk liquid oxygen installation shall be cleaned in order to remove oil, grease or other readily oxidizable materials before placing the installation in servica en CP 34: 1985 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7 8) 9) 10) 11) TABLE 1 DISTANCES BETWEEN BULK LIQUID OXYGEN STORAGE CONTAINER AND EXPOSURES Type of Exposures Property boundary (assuming structure on adjoining property does not dictate a greater distance. Subsequent construction on adjoining property may alter this requirement). Street, road boundary or parked vehicles, Building or structure with combustible exterior. Building or structure with non-combustible exterior or sprinklered building of other construction, Building or structure with adjacant walls of minimum 3h fire resistance rating. Openings in walls of adjacent buildings or structures. ‘Areas where personnel congregate, such as offices, lunch rooms, etc, Places of public assembly. Areas of buildings occupied by patients confined to bed. Flammable and combustible liquid storage: (a) Above ground (i) Capacity up to 4 m? (ii) Over 4 m? up to 100 m? (iii) Over 100m? (b) Below ground (i) Storage tank (ii) Filling, dip and vent connections or other openings to tank Flammable gas storage (a) Liquefied gas, (i) Liquefied volume up to 4m? (ii) Over 4m? up to 20 m* (iii), Over 20 m3 10 Minimum, Distances (See Notes) 1.5m 3m 15m 75m im 5m horizontally 3m vertically 7.5m 15m 15m 7.5m 15m Refer to relevant Authority 3m 10m 7.5m 15m Refer to Relevant Authority CP 34: 1985 imum Distances Type of Exposures (See Notes) {b} Non-liquefied or dissolved gas at NTP (i) 700 m? or less 7.5m {ii)_ Over 700 m® up to 5000 m? 15m (iii) Over 5000 m? Refer to relevant Authority 12) _ ‘combustible material. 15m 13) Electrical substation or transformer. 5m 14) Openings to underground drains 45m NOTES: 1) These minimum distances may be reduced if» screen wali erected subject to approvl by the clovant authority. Those distances ere measured around screen wall where applicable. 2), Distances are messured In the mort cret ling between the expoture and the bulk liquid oxygen storage un— CP 34; 1985 Place of k public ‘assembly Parked N Vehicies Wood frame a structure 15m Bulk liguia oxygen storege 3m Container 16m, T Nearest Nearest opening in wall [ ronsmbuiatory Flammable onsiquetied or dissolved 3s at NTP Vent or fil opening for other structure All classes of flammable ‘and combustibe liquide above ground Solid rapid burning material Up 10 700m3 7.5m (Over 700? {Up t0 5000 m? Uptoam? 7.5m Over 4m? 15m Upto 100m 15m Ligueties slammsbie 35 storage 2 Up t04 m m Bulk Fguie enn oxygen storage Over 4 m container Upt020m? 18m x Al cats of flammable ‘and combustible liquide below around Figure 1. Iiustration of distances between bulk liquid ‘oxygen storage container and exposures 12 cP 34: 1985 Standards referred to: 1) ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section VIII — Unfired Pressure Vessels (1983). 2) ANSI 831.3 : 1984 ‘Code for Pressure Piping, Chemical Plant and Petroleum Refinery iping’. 3) SS 286 : 1984 ‘Specification for Caution Labelling for Hazardous Substances’. BCP 34; 1985 SINGAPORE INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH The Singapore Institute of Standards and Indus: Research (SISIR) was formerly organised in January 1969 as a division of the Economic Development Board (EDB) to replace the former Singapore Industrial Research Unit which was first established in May 1963. In October 1973, SISIR was incorporated as an independent statutory body in accordance with an Act of Parliament, the Singapore Institute of Standards and Industrial Research Act (No. 48 of 1973). One of the principal functions of SISIR is to promote standardisation in industry and trade with a view to improving the quality of commodities as well as industrial efficiency and productivity. The Institute is also vested with the authority to appoint a Standards Council to assist and advise in establishing Singapore Standards, to prepare and publish Singapore Standards and promote their adoption. Standards are in the form of specifications for materials and products, codes of practice, methods of testing, nomenclature, etc, These standards are drawn up by the various Technical Committees under the supervision of the Industry Standards Committees, the final approval body being the Standards Council. To ensure adequate representation of all viewpoints in the preparation of standards, the Technical Committees and Industry Standards Committees appointed all consist of representatives from the Government departments, statutory bodies, professional institutions, manufacturers’ associations and organisations representing consumers. This wide-ranging representation is also reflected in the composition of the Standards Council. Besides being engaged in standardisation work, SISIR also provides engineering, technical and consultancy services to industries and undertakes research and development work in areas of interest to Singapore's manufacturing sector. The Institute is also the national testing authority and operates quality certification, certification mark and export inspection schemes. 4