2023 Course and Case Syllabus in Commercial Law

(Based on Supreme Court Syllabus)

A. Corporations

1. Definition of Corporation

2. Classes of Corporations

● Bases Conversion and Development Authority v. Commissioner of Internal

Revenue, G.R. No. 205925, 20 June 2018, (867 SCRA 179)

- Corporation by estoppel

● Pioneer Surety & Insurance Corporation v. Court of Appeal, G.R. No.

84197, 28 July 1989, (175 SCRA 668)
● Lim Tong Lim v. Philippine Fishing Gear Industries, Inc., G.R. No. 136448,
03 November 1999, (317 SCRA 728)
● People v. Garcia, G.R. No. 117010, 18 April 1997, (271 SCRA 621)
● Macasaet v. Co, G.R. No. 156759, 05 June 2013, (697 SCRA 187)
● Missionary Sisters of Our Lady of Fatima v. Alzona, G.R. No. 224307, 06
August 2018, (_ SCRA _)

- De facto corporation

● Sawadjaan v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 141735, 08 June 2005, (459 SCRA
516)

- Government corporation

● Feliciano v. Commission on Audit, G.R. No. 147402, 14 January 2004, (419

SCRA 363)
● Liban v. Gordon, G.R. No. 175352, 18 January 2011, (639 SCRA 709)
● Torres v. De Leon, G.R. No. 199440, 18 January 2016, (781 SCRA 110)
● Carandang v. Desierto, G.R. No. 148076, 12 January 2011, (639 SCRA 293)
● Funa v. Manila Economic and Cultural Office, G.R. No. 193462, 04
February 2014, (715 SCRA 247)
● Bases Conversion and Development Authority v CIR, G.R. No. 205466,
January 11, 2021

3. Nationality of Corporations

a) Control Test

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 ● Roy III v. Herbosa, G.R. No. 207246, 22 November 2016, (810 SCRA 1)
● Gamboa v. Teves, G.R. No. 176579, 28 June 2011, (652 SCRA 690)
● Heirs of Gamboa v. Teves, G.R. No. 176579, 09 October 2012, (682 SCRA
397)

b) Grandfather Rule

● Narra Nickel Mining and Development Corporation v. Redmont

Consolidated Mines Corporation, G.R. No. 195580, 21 April 2014, (722
SCRA 382)
● Narra Nickel Mining and Development Corporation v. Redmont
Consolidated Mines Corporation, G.R. No. 195580, 28 January 2015, (748
SCRA 455)

4. Corporate Juridical Entity

a) Doctrine of Separate Juridical Personality

● Philippine National Bank v. Ritratto Group, Inc., G.R. No. 142616, 31 July
2001, (362 SCRA 216)
● Silverio, Jr. v. Filipino Business Consultants, Inc., G.R. No. 143312, 12
August 2005, (466 SCRA 584)
● Spouses Nisce v. Equitable PCI Bank, G.R. No. 167434, 19 February 2007
(516 SCRA 231)
● Delima v. Gois, G.R. No. 178352, 17 June 2008, (554 SCRA 731)
● Philippine National Bank v. Aznar, G.R. No. 171805, 30 May 2011, (649
SCRA 214)
● Stronghold Insurance Company, Inc. v. Cuenca, et. al., G.R. No. 173297, 06
March 2013, (692 SCRA 473)
● Philippine National Bank (Asset Privatization Trust/Development Bank of
the Philippines) v. Hydro Resources Contractors Corporation, G.R. Nos.
167530, 167561, 167603, 13 March 2013 (693 SCRA 294)
● EPG Construction Company, Inc. v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 103372,
22 June 1992, (210 SCRA 230)
● Mactan Rock Industries, Inc. v. Germo, G.R. No. 228799, 10 January 2018,
(850 SCRA 532)
● Saw v. CA, G.R. No. 90580, 08 April 1991, (195 SCRA 740)
● Linden Suites, INC. vs. Meridien Far East Properties, INC. G.R. No.
211969. October 4, 2021

- Liability for Torts and Crimes

● Naguiat v. National Labor Relations Commission, G.R. No. 116123, 13

March 1997 (269 SCRA 564)

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 ● Ong v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 119858, 29 April 2003, (401 SCRA
648)
● Ching v. Secretary of Justice, G. R. No. 164317, 06 February 2006, (481
SCRA 609)

-Recovery of Moral Damages

● Filipinas Broadcasting Network, Inc., v. Ago Medical and Educational

Center, G.R. No. 141994, 17 January 2005, (448 SCRA 413)
● Manila Electric Company v. T.E.A.M. Electronics Corporation, G.R. No.
131723, 13 December 2007, (540 SCRA 62)
● Crystal v. Bank of the Philippine Islands, G.R. No. 172428, 28 November
2008, (572 SCRA 697)

b) Doctrine of Piercing the Corporate Veil

● Villa Rey Transit, Inc. v. Ferrer, G.R. No. L-23893, 29 October 1968, (25
SCRA 845)
● A.C. Ransom Labor Union-CCLU v. National Labor Relations Commission,
G.R. No. L-69494, 29 May 1987, (150 SCRA 498)
● Times Transportation Company, Inc. v. Sotelo, G.R. No. 163786, 16
February 2005, (451 SCRA 587)
● Kukan International Corporation v. Reyes, G.R. No. 182729, 29 September
2010, (631 SCRA 596)
● Gold Line Tours, Inc. v. Heirs of Lacsa, G.R. No. 159108, 18 June 2012, (673
SCRA 399)
● Pacific Rehouse Corporation v. Court of Appeals, G.R. Nos. 199687, 201537,
24 March 2014, (719 SCRA 665)
● Livesey v. Binswanger Philippines, Inc., G.R. No. 177493, 19 March 2014,
(719 SCRA 433)
● Lee v. Samahang Manggagawa ng Super Lamination (SMSLS-NAFLU-
KMU), G.R. No. 193816, 21 November 2016, (809 SCRA 313)
● Mayor v. Tiu, G.R. No. 203770, 23 November 2016, (810 SCRA 256)
● Dimson v. Chua, G.R. No. 192318, 05 December 2016, (811 SCRA 630)
● ABS CBN Broadcasting Corporation v. Honorato Hilario, G.R. No. 193136,
10 July 2019 (_ SCRA _)
● Leo R. Rosales, et. al. v. New A.N.J.H. Enterprises & N.H. Oil Mill
Corporation, et. al., G.R. No. 203355, 18 August 2015, (767 SCRA 149)
● Zambrano v. Philippine Carpet Manufacturing Corporation, G.R. No.
224099, 21 June 2017, (828 SCRA 144)
● Maricalum Mining Corporation v. Florentino, G.R. No. 221813, 23 July
2018, (872 SCRA 572)
● International Academy of Management and Economics v. Litton and
Company Inc., G.R. No. 191525, 13 December 2017, (848 SCRA 437)

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 5. Capital Structure

a) Number and Qualifications of Incorporators

b) Subscription Requirements

● MSCI-NACUSIP Local Chapter v. National Wages and Productivity

Commission, G.R. No. 125198, 03 March 1997, (269 SCRA 173)

c) Corporate Term

• Philippine National Bank v. Court of First Instance of Rizal, Pasig, G.R. No.
63201, 27 May 1992, (209 SCRA 294

d) Classification of Shares

● Republic Planters Bank v. Agana, Sr., G.R. No. 51765, 03 March 1997, (269
SCRA 1)
● Salido, Jr. v. Aramaywan Metals, G.R. No. 233857, March 18, 2021,

6. Incorporation and Organization

a) Promoter
1. Liability of Promoter
2. Liability of Corporation for Promoter’s
Contracts

b) Subscription Contract

● Ong Yong v. Tiu, G.R. Nos. 144476, 144629, 08 April 2003, (401 SCRA 1)
● Interport Resources Corporation v. Securities Specialist, Inc., G.R. No.
154069, 06 June 2016, (792 SCRA 155)

c) Pre-Incorporation Subscription Agreements

d) Consideration for Stocks
e) Articles of Incorporation

(1) Contents

● Hyatt Elevators and Escalators Corporation v. Goldstar Elevators, Phils.

Inc., G.R. No. 161026, 24 October 2005, (473 SCRA 705)

(2) Non-Amendable Items

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 f) Corporate Name and Limitations on its Use

● Republic Planters Bank v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 93073, 21 December

1992 (216 SCRA 738)
● P.C. Javier & Sons, Inc. v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 129552, 29 June
2005, (462 SCRA 36)
● Zuellig Freight and Cargo Systems v. National Labor Relations
Commission, G.R. No. 157900, 22 July 2013, (701 SCRA 561)
● Indian Chamber of Commerce Phils., Inc. v. Filipino Indian Chamber of
Commerce in the Philippines, Inc. G.R. No. 184008, 03 August 2016, (799
SCRA 278)
● De La Salle Montessori International of Malolos, Inc. v. De La Salle
Brothers, Inc., G.R. No. 205548, 07 February 2018, (855 SCRA 38)

g) Registration,Incorporation, and
Commencement of Corporate Existence

● Fong v. Duenas, G.R. No. 185592, 15 June 2015, (757 SCRA 412)

h) Election of Directors or Trustees

i) Adoption of By-Laws

(1) Contents of By-Laws

(2) Binding Effects

● Grace Christian High School v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 108905, 23

October 1997, (281 SCRA 133)
● China Banking Corporation v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 117604, 26
March 1997, (270 SCRA 503)
● PMI Colleges v. National Labor Relations Commission, G.R. No. 121466,
15 August 1997, (277 SCRA 462)

(3) Amendments

j) Effects of Non-Use of Corporate Charter

7. Corporate Powers

a) General Powers; Theory of General Capacity

● National Power Corporation v. Vera, G.R. No. 83558, 27 February 1989,

(170 SCRA 721)

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 ● Teresa Electric & Power, Co., Inc. v. Public Service Commission, G.R. No.
L-21804, 25 September 1967, (21 SCRA 198)
● Mid-Pasig Land and Development Corporation v. Tablante, G.R. No.
162924, 04 February 2010, (611 SCRA 528)
● Jorgenetics Swine Corporation v. Thick and Thin Agri-Products, G.R. No.
201044, May 05, 2021

b) Specific Powers; Theory of Specific Capacity

c) Power to Extend or Shorten Corporate Term

● Philippine National Bank v. Court of First Instance of Rizal, Pasig, G.R.

No. 63201, 27 May 1992, (209 SCRA 294)

d) Power to Increase or Decrease Capital Stock or

Incur,
Create, Increase Bonded Indebtedness

● Benito v. Securities and Exchange Commission, G.R. No. L-56655, 25 July

1983, (123 SCRA 722)

e) Power to Deny Pre-Emptive Rights

f) Power to Sell or Dispose Corporate Assets

● Peña v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 91478, 07 February 1991, (193 SCRA
717)
● Esguerra v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 119310, 03 February 1997, (267
SCRA 380)
● Islamic Directorate of the Philippines v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No.
117897, 14 May 1997, (272 SCRA 454)
● China Banking Corporation v. Dyne-Sem Electronics Corporation, G.R.
No. 149237, 11 July 2006, (494 SCRA 493)
● Y-I Leisure Philippines, Inc. v. Yu, G.R. No. 207161, 08 September 2015,
(770 SCRA 56)
● Emilio Montilla, Jr. v. G Holdings, Inc., G.R. No. 194995, November 18,
2021

g) Power to Acquire Own Shares

• Boman Environmental Development Corporation v. Court of Appeals,

G.R. No. 77860, 22 November 1988, (167 SCRA 540)

h) Power to Invest Corporate Funds in Another

Corporation or Business

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 • Heirs of Pael v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 133547, 10 February 2000,
(325 SCRA 341)
• Del Rama v. Maao Sugar Central, G.R. No. 17504 & L-17506, 28 February
1969, (27 SCRA 247)

i) Power to Declare Dividends

● Madrigal & Company, Inc. v. Zamora, G.R. No. L-48237, 30 June 1987,
(151 SCRA 355)

j) Power to Enter into Management Contract

k) Doctrine of Individuality of Subscription
l) Doctrine of Equality of Shares

• Commissioner of Internal Revenue v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 108576,

20 January 1999, (301 SCRA 152)

m) Ultra Vires Doctrine

● Republic v. Acoje Mining Company, Inc., G.R. No. L-18062, 28 February

1963, (7 SCRA 361)
● University of Mindanao Inc. v. Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas, G.R. No.
194964-65, 11 January 2016, (778 SCRA 458)
● Development Bank of the Philippines v. Commission on Audit, G.R. No.
210838, 03 July 2018, (870 SCRA 104)
● Montelibano v. Bacolod-Murcia Milling Co., Inc., G.R. No. L-15092, 18
May 1962, (5 SCRA 36)
● Office of the Ombudsman v. Antonio Z. DE Guzman, G.R. No. 197886, 04
October 2017, (841 SCRA 616)

n) Trust Fund Doctrine

● Ong Yong, v. Tiu, G.R. Nos. 144476, 144629, 08 April 2003, (401 SCRA 1)
● Yamamoto v. Nishino Leather Industries, Inc., G.R. No. 150283, 16 April
2008, (551 SCRA 447)
● Halley v. Printwell, Inc., G.R. No. 157549, 30 May 2011, (649 SCRA 116)
● Jennifer M. Enano-Bote, Et Al. Vs. Jose Ch. Alvarez, Centennial Air, Inc.
And Subic Bay Metropolitan Authority, G.R. No 223572. November 10,
2020,

8. Stockholders and Members

a) Fundamental Rights of a Stockholder

b) Participation in Management

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 (1) Proxy

● Government Services Insurance System v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No.

183905, 16 April 2009, (585 SCRA 679)
● Securities and Exchange Commission v. Court of Appeals, Omico
Corporation, et al., G.R. No. 187702, 22 October 2014, (739 SCRA 99)

(2) Voting Trust

● Lee v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 93695, 04 February 1992, (205 SCRA
752)

(3) Cases When Stockholders’ Action is Required

(4) Manner of Voting

c) Proprietary Rights
(1) Rights to Dividends
(2) Appraisal Right

● Turner v. Lorenzo Shipping Corporation, G.R. No. 157479, 24 November

2010, (636 SCRA 13)

(3) Right to Inspect

● Gokongwei, Jr. v. Securities & Exchange Commission, G.R. No. L-45911,

11 April 1979, (89 SCRA 336)
● Gonzales v. Philippine National Bank, G.R. No. L-33320, 30 May 1983,
(122 SCRA 489)
● Terelay Investment and Development Corporation v. Yulo, G.R. No.
160924, 05 August 2015, (765 SCRA 1)
● Yujuico v. Quiambao, G.R. No. 180416, 02 June 2014, (724 SCRA 262)
● Abra Valley. Grace Borgona Insigne, Et Al. v. Abra Valley Colleges, Inc.
and Francis Borgona, G.R. No. 204089, 29 july 2015, (764 scra 64)
● Dee Ping Wee v. Lee Hiong Wee, G.R. No. 169345, 25 August 2010, (629
SCRA 145)
● Sy Tiong Shiou, et al., v. Sy Chim, et. al., G.R. No. 179438, G.R. No.
174168, 30 March 2009, (582 SCRA 517)

(4) Preemptive Right

● Majority of Stockholders of Ruby Industrial Corporation v. Lim, G.R. No.

165887, 06 June 2011, (650 SCRA 461)

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 (5) Right to Vote

● Castillo v. Balinghasay, G.R. No. 150976, 18 October 2004, (440 SCRA

442)

(6) Right to Dividends

● Nielson & Company, Inc., v. Lepanto Consolidated Mining Company,

G.R. No. L-21601, 17 December 1966, (18 SCRA 1040)
● Bitong v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 123553, 13 July 1998,(292 SCRA 503)
● Cojuangco and Prime Holdings, Inc. v. Sandiganbayan, G.R. No. 183278,
24 April 2009, (586 SCRA 790)

d) Remedial Rights

1. Individual Suit

● Cua Jr. v. Tan, G.R. Nos. 181455-56, 04 December 2009, (607 SCRA 645)

2. Representative Suit
3. Derivative Suit

● Bitong v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 123553, 13 July 1998 (292 SCRA
503)
● Reyes v. Regional Trial Court of Makati, Br. 142, G.R. No. 165744, 11
August 2008, (561 SCRA 593)
● Yu v. Yukayguan, G.R. No. 177549, 18 June 2009, (589 SCRA 588)
● Hi-Yield Realty Incorporated v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 168863,
23 June 2009, (590 SCRA 548)
● Legaspi Towers 300, Inc. v. Muer, G.R. No. 170783, 18 June 2012, (673
SCRA 453)
● Ang v. Spouses Ang, G.R. No. 201675, 19 June 2013, (699 SCRA 272)
● Ching v. Subic Bay Golf and Country Club Inc., G.R. No. 174353, 10
September 2014, (734 SCRA 569)
● Villamor Jr. v. Umale, G.R. Nos. 172843, 172881, 24 September 2014,
(736 SCRA 325)
● Florete Jr. v. Florete Sr., G.R. No. 174909, 20 January 2016, (781 SCRA
255)
● Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas v. Vicente Jose Campa, Jr. et. al., G.R. No.
185979, 16 March 2016, (787 SCRA 476)
● Wesleyan University- Philippines v. Maglaya, G.R. No. 212774, 23
January 2017, (815 SCRA 171)
● AGO Realty & Development Corporation v. Dr. Angelita Go, G. R. No.
210906/G.R. No. 211203, October 16, 2019

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 e) Obligations of a Stockholder

• Halley v. Printwell, Inc., G.R. No. 157549, 30 May 2011, (649 SCRA 116)

f) Meetings

● Ricafort v. Dicdican, G.R. Nos. 202647-50, 205921-24, 09 March 2016,

(787 SCRA 163)
● Lanuza v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 131394, 28 March 2005, (454
SCRA 54)
● People v. Dumlao, G.R. No. 168918, 02 March 2009, (580 SCRA 409)
● Lim v. Moldex Land Inc., G.R. No. 206038, 25 January 2017, (815 SCRA
619)

9. Board or Directors and Trustees

a) Repository of Corporate Powers

● Bitong v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 123553, 13 July 1998, (292 SCRA
503)
● Citibank, N.A. v. Chua, G.R. No. 102300, 17 March 1993, (220 SCRA 75)
● Colegio Medico-Farmaceutico De Filipinas, Inc. v. Lim, G.R. No. 212034,
02 July 2018, (869 SCRA 298)

b) Tenure, Qualifications, and Disqualifications of

Directors

● Grace Christian High School v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 108905, 23

October 1997, (281 SCRA 133)
● Lee v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 93695, 04 February 1992, (205 SCRA
752)

c) Requirement of Independent Directors

d) Elections

● Tan v. Sycip, G.R. No. 153468, 17 August 2006, (499 SCRA 216)

e) Removal

● Bernas v. Cinco, G.R. Nos. 163356-57, 163368-69, 01 July 2015, (761

SCRA 104)

f) Filling of Vacancies

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 • Valle Verde Country Club, Inc. v. Africa, G.R. No. 151969, 04 September
2009, (598 SCRA 195)

g) Compensation

● Western Institute of Technology, Inc. v. Salas, G.R. No. 113032, 21

August 1997, (278 SCRA 216)

h) Disloyalty
i) Business Judgment Rule

● Filipinas Port Services, Inc. v. Go, et al., G.R. No. 161886, 16 March 2007,
(518 SCRA 453)
● People's Aircargo and Warehousing Company v. Court of Appeals, G.R.
No. 117847, 7 October 1998, (297 SCRA 170)
● Provident International Resources Corporation v. Venus, G.R. No.
167041, 17 June 2008, (554 SCRA 540)
● Metroplex Berhard and Paxell Investment LImited v. Sinophil
Corporation, et al) , G.R. No. 208281, June 28, 2021

j) Solidary Liabilities for Damages

● Heirs of Uy v. International Exchange Bank, G.R. No. 166282-83, 13

February 2013, (690 SCRA 519)
● Carag v. National Labor Relations Commission, G.R. No. 147590, 02 April
2007, (520 SCRA 28)
● IENT v. Tullett Prebon (Philippines), Inc., G.R. No. 189158, 11 January
2017, (814 SCRA 184)
● Pioneer Insurance Surety Corporation v. Morning Star Travel & Tours
Inc., G.R. No. 198436, 08 July 2015, (762 SCRA 283)
● United Philippines Lines v. Juanito P. Alkuino, G.R. no. 245960, July 14,
2021

k) Personal Liabilities

● Ong v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 119858, 29 April 2003, (401 SCRA 648)
● Ching v Secretary of Justice, G.R. No. 164317, 06 February 2006, (481
SCRA 609)
● Total Office Products and Services v. John Charles Chang, Jr. et al, G.R.
No. 200070-71, December 7, 2021

l) Responsibility for Crimes

m) Special Fact Doctrine

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 n) Inside Information
o) Contracts

(1) By Self-Dealing Directors With the Corporation

● Prime White Cement Corporation v. Intermediate Appellate Court, G.R.

No. L-68555, 19 March 1993, (220 SCRA 103)

(2) Between Corporations With Interlocking

Directors

● Development Bank of the Philippines v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No.

126200, 16 August 2001, (363 SCRA 307)

10. Capital Affairs

a) Certificate of Stock

(1) Nature of the Certificate

● Tan v. Securities & Exchange Commission, G.R. No. 95696, 03 March

1992, (206 SCRA 740)
● David C. Lao v. Dionisio Lao, G.R. No. 170585, October 2008, (567 SCRA
558)

(2) Uncertificated Shares

(3) Negotiability; Requirements for Valid Transfer
of Stocks

● Razon v. Intermediate Appellate Court, G.R. No. 74306, 16 March 1992,

(207 SCRA 234)
● Rural Bank of Salinas, Inc. v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 96674, 26 June
1992, (210 SCRA 510)
● China Banking Corporation v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 117604, 26
March 1997, (270 SCRA 503)
● Garcia v. Jomouad, G.R. No. 133969, 26 January 2000 (323 SCRA 424)
● Rural Bank of Lipa City, Inc. v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 124535, 28
September 2001, (366 SCRA 188)
● Ponce v. Alsons Cement Corporation, Jr., G.R. No. 139802, 10 December
2002, (393 SCRA 602)
● Valley Golf and Country Club, Inc., v. Vda. de Caram, G.R. No. 158805,
16 April 2009, (585 SCRA 218)
● Puno v. Puno Enterprises, Inc., G.R. No. 177066, 11 September 2009,
(599 SCRA 585

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 ● Fil-Estate Golf and Development Inc. v. Vertex Sales and Trading Inc.,
G.R. No. 202079, 10 June 2013, (698 SCRA 272)
● Teng v. Securities & Exchange Commission, G.R. No. 184332, 17
February 2016, (784 SCRA 216)
● Andaya v. Rural Bank of Cabadbaran, Inc., G.R. No. 188769, 03 August
2016, (799 SCRA 325)
● Tee Ling Kiat v. Ayala Corporation, G.R. No. 192530, 07 March 2018,
(857 SCRA 533)
● Florete, Sr. v. Florete, Jr., G.R. No. 223321, 11 April 2018, (861 SCRA
157)
● Legaspi v. People, G.R. Nos. 225753, 225799 ,15 October 2018, (_ SCRA
_)
● Pacific Basin Securities, Co. v. Oriental Petroleum and Minerals Corp,
G.R. Nos. 143972 and 144056, 31 August 2007, (531 SCRA 667)
● Florencio Mallare v. A & E Industrial Corporation, G.R. No. 233646,
June 16, 2021

(4) Issuance
(5) Stock and Transfer Book

● Lanuza v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 131394, 28 March 2005, (454

SCRA 54)
● Torres, Jr v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 120138, 05 September 1997,
(278 SCRA 793)

(6) Situs of the Shares of Stock

Watered Stocks - Definition

(7) Liability of Directors for Watered Stocks

(8) Trust Fund Doctrine for Liability for Watered
Stocks

b) Payment of Balance of Subscription

(1) Call by Board of Directors
(2) Notice Requirement

c) Sale of Delinquent Shares

(1) Effect of Delinquency
(2) Call by Resolution of the Board of Directors

d) Alienation of Shares
(1) Allowable Restrictions on the Sale of Shares
(2) Requisites of a Valid Transfer

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 ● Torres, Jr v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 120138, 05 September 1997, (278
SCRA 793)
● Legaspi y. Navera v. People, G.R. Nos. 225753 & 225799, October 15, 2018
● Tee Ling Kiat v. Ayala Corporation, G.R. No. 192530, March 07, 2018

e) Corporate Books and Records

(1) Right to Inspect Corporate Records
(2) Effect of Refusal to Inspect Corporate Records

11. Dissolution and Liquidation

a) Modes of Dissolution
(1) Voluntary Dissolution
(2) Involuntary Dissolution

● Philippine National Bank v. Court of First Instance of Rizal, Pasig, G.R.

No. 63201, 27 May 1992, (209 SCRA 294)

b) Methods of Liquidation

(1) By the Corporation Itself

● Yu v. Yukayguan, G.R. No. 177549, 18 June 2009, (589 SCRA 588)

(2) Conveyance to a Trustee Within a Three-Year

Period

● Gelano v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. L-39050, 24 February 1981, (103

SCRA 90)
● Knecht v. United Cigarette Corporation, G.R. No. 139370, 04 July 2002,
(384 SCRA 45)

(3) By Management Committee or

Rehabilitation Receiver

● Villamor, Jr. v. Umale, G.R. Nos. 172843, 172881, 24 September 2014,

(736 SCRA 325)
● Spouses Hiteroza v. Cruzada, G.R. No. 203527, 27 June 2016, (794 SCRA
511)

(4) Liquidation after Three Years

● Clemente v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 82407, 27 March 1995, (242 SCRA
717)

Updated as of Aug 5, 2022 DEAN NILO T. DIVINA | 14

 ● Reburiano v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 102965, 21 January 1999, (301
SCRA 342)
● Paramount Insurance Corporation v. A.C. Ordoñez Corporation, G.R. No.
175109, 06 August 2008, (561 SCRA 327)
● Vigilla v. Philippine College of Criminology, Inc. G.R. No. 200094, 10 June
2013, (698 SCRA 247)
● Alabang Development Corporation v. Alabang Hills Village Association,
G.R. No. 187456, 02 June 2014, (724 SCRA 321)
● Reyes v. Bancom Development Corporation, G.R. No. 190286, 11 January
2018, (850 SCRA 544)

12. Other Corporations

a) Close Corporations

(1) Characteristics

● Manuel R. Dulay Enterprises, Inc. v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 91889, 27

August 1993, (225 SCRA 678)
● San Juan Structural and Steel Fabricators, Inc. v. Court of Appeals, G.R.
No. 129459, 29 September 1998, (296 SCRA 631)
● Naguiat v. National Labor Relations Commission, G.R. No. 116123, 13
March 1997 (269 SCRA 564)
● Bustos v. Millians Shoe, Inc., G.R. No. 185024, 24 April 2017, (824 SCRA 67)

(2) Validity of Restrictions on Transfer of Shares

(3) Preemptive Right

(4) Amendment of Articles of Incorporation

b) Non-Stock Corporations

(1) Definition

● Litonjua, Jr. v. Eternity Corporatio (now Eterton Multi-Resources

Corporation), Eteroutremer, S.A., G.R. No. 144805, 08 June 2006, (490 SCRA
204)
● Long v. Basa, G.R. Nos. 134963-64, 135152-53 &137135, 27 September 2001,
(366 SCRA 113)

(2) Treatment of Profits

c) Educational Corporations

Updated as of Aug 5, 2022 DEAN NILO T. DIVINA | 15

 d) Religious Corporations
(1) Corporation Sole
(2) Religious Societies

e) One Person Corporations

(1) Excepted Corporations
(2) Capital Stock Requirement
(3) Articles of Incorporation and By-Laws
(4) Corporate Name
(5) Corporate Structure and Officers
(6) Nominee
(7) Liability
(8) Conversion of Corporation to One Person
Corporations and Vice-Versa

f) Foreign Corporations

(1) Bases of Authority Over Foreign Corporations

(a) Consent
(b) Doctrine of “Doing Business”

● Litton Mills, Inc. v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 94980, 15 May 1996, (256
SCRA 696)
● Columbia Pictures, Inc. v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 110318, 28 August
1996, (261 SCRA 144)
● Eriks Pte. Ltd. v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 118843, 06 February 1997,
(267 SCRA 567)
● Hutchison Ports Philippines Limited v. Subic Bay Metropolitan
Authority, G.R. No. 131367, 31 August 2000, (339 SCRA 434)
● B. Van Zuiden Bros Ltd. v. GTVL Manufacturing Industries, G.R. No.
147905, 28 May 2007, (523 SCRA 233)
● Aboitiz Shipping Corporation v. Insurance Company of North America,
G.R. No. 168402, 06 August 2008, (561 SCRA 262)
● Cargill, Inc. v. Intra Strata Assurance Corporation, G.R. No. 168266, 15
March 2010, (615 SCRA 304)
● The Home Insurance Company v. Eastern Shipping Lines, G.R. Nos. L-
34382-83, 20 July 1983, (123 SCRA 424)
● Steelcase, Inc. v. Design International Selections, Inc., G.R. No. 171995,
18 April 2012, (670 SCRA 64)
● Communication Materials and Design, Inc. v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No.
102223, 22 August 1996, (260 SCRA 673)

Updated as of Aug 5, 2022 DEAN NILO T. DIVINA | 16

 ● Lorenzo Shipping Corp. v. Chubb and Sons, Inc., G.R. No. 147724, 08
June 2004, (431 SCRA 266)

(2) Necessity of a License to Do Business

(a) Resident Agent

(3) Personality to Sue

● Top-Weld Manufacturing, Inc. v. ECED, SA., G.R. No. L-44944, 09

August 1985, (138 SCRA 118)
● Merrill Lynch Futures, Inc. v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 97816, 24 July
1992, (211 SCRA 824)
● MR Holdings, Ltd. v. Bajar, G.R. No. 138104, 11 April 2002, (380 SCRA
617)
● Global Business Holdings, Inc., v. Surecomp Software, B.V., G.R. No.
173463, 13 October 2010, (633 SCRA 94)

(4) Suability of Foreign Corporations

(5) Instances When Unlicensed Foreign
Corporations May be Allowed to Sue (Isolated
Transactions)

• Philip Morris, Inc. v. CA, G.R. No. 91332, 16 July 1993, (224 SCRA 576)
● Fredco Manufacturing Corporation v. President and Fellows of Harvard
College, G.R. No. 185917, 01 June 2011, (650 SCRA 232)
● Llorente v. Star City Pty Limited G.R. Nos. 212050 & 212216, 15
January 2020, (_ SCRA _)
● Commissioner of Internal Revenue v. Interpublic Group of Companies,
G.R. No. 207039, August 14, 2019

(6) Grounds for Revocation of License

13. Merger and Consolidation

a) Concept

● Associated Bank v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 123793, 29 June 1998, (291
SCRA 511)
● SME Bank Inc. v. de Guzman (Gaspar), G.R. Nos. 184517, 186641, 08
October 2013, (707 SCRA 35)
● Commissioner of Internal Revenue v. Bank of Commerce, G.R. No. 180529,
13 November 2013, (709 SCRA 390)
● Bank of Commerce v. Radio Philippines Network Inc., G.R. No. 195615, 21
April 2014, (722 SCRA 520)

Updated as of Aug 5, 2022 DEAN NILO T. DIVINA | 17

 ● Bank of Commerce v. Heirs of Dela Cruz, G.R. No. 211519, 14 August 2017,
(837 SCRA 112)

b) Constituent Corporation vs. Consolidated

Corporation

● McLeod v. National Labor Relations Commission, G.R. No. 146667, 23

January 2007, (512 SCRA 222)

c) Plan of Merger or Consolidation

d) Articles of Merger or Consolidation

e) Effects

• Babst v. Court of Appeals, G.R. Nos. 99398, 104625, 26 January 2001, (350
SCRA 341)
● Omictin v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 148004, 22 January 2007, (512 SCRA
70)
● Spouses Nisce v. Equitable PCI Bank, G.R. No. 167434, 19 February 2007,
(516 SCRA 231)
● Bank of the Philippine Islands v. BPI Employees Union-Davao Chapter-
Federation of Unions in BPI Unibank, G.R. No. 164301, 19 (11) October
2011, (658 SCRA 828)
● Bank of Philippine Islands v. Lee, G.R. No. 190144, 01 August 2012, (678
SCRA 171)
● The Philippine Geothermal Inc. Employees Union v. Unocal Philippines,
Inc., G.R. No. 190187, 28 September 2016, (804 SCRA 286)
● SUMIFRU (Philippines) Corporation v. Baya, G.R. No. 188269, 17 April
2017, (822 SCRA 564)
● Spouses Ong v. BPI Family Savings Bank, Inc., G.R. No. 208638, 24
January 2018, (852 SCRA 614)

II. Banking Laws

A. New Central Bank Act (R.A. No. 7653, as amended by R.A. No.
11211)

1. State Policies
2. Monetary Board and its Powers and Functions

● Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas Monetary Board v. Antonio-Valenzuela, G.R.

No. 184778, 02 October 2009, (602 SCRA 698)

Updated as of Aug 5, 2022 DEAN NILO T. DIVINA | 18

 ● Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas v. Legaspi, G.R. No. 205966, 02 March 2016,
(785 SCRA 466)
● Perez v. Monetary Board, G.R. No. L-23307, 30 June 1967, (20 SCRA 592)
● Koruga v. Arcenas, Jr., G.R. Nos. 168332, 169053, 19 June 2009, (590 SCRA
49)
● Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas v. Banco Filipino Savings and Mortgage Bank,
G.R. Nos. 178696, 192607, 30 July 2018, (_SCRA_)

3. The Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas and Banks in Distress

a. Conservatorship

● Central Bank of the Philippines v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. L-45710, 03

October 1985, (139 SCRA 46)
● Central Bank of the Philippines v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 88353, 08 May
1992, (208 SCRA 652)
● First Philippine International Bank v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 115849, 24
January 1996, (252 SCRA 259)

b. Closure

● Spouses Lipana v. Development Bank of Rizal, G.R. No. L- 73884, 24

September 1987, (154 SCRA 257)
● Rural Bank of San Miguel Inc. v. Monetary Board, Central Bank of the
Philippines, G.R. No. 150886, 16 February 2007, (516 SCRA 154)
● Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas Monetary Board v. Antonio-Valenzuela, G.R.
No. 184778, 02 October 2009, (602 SCRA 698)
● Spouses Poon v. Prime Savings Bank, G.R. No. 183794, 13 June 2016, (793
SCRA 141)

c. Receivership

● Abacus Real Estate Development Center, Inc. v. Manila Banking

Corporation, G.R. No. 162270, 06 April 2005, (455 SCRA 97)
● Vivas, v. Monetary Board of the Central Bank of the Philippines, G.R. No.
191424, 07 August 2013, (703 SCRA 290)
● Banco Filipino Savings and Mortgage Bank v. Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas,
G.R. No. 200678, 04 June 2018, (864 SCRA 32)
● Banco Filipino Savings and Mortgage Bank v. Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas,
G.R. No. 200642, April 26, 2021

d. Liquidation

Updated as of Aug 5, 2022 DEAN NILO T. DIVINA | 19

 ● Manalo v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 141297, 08 October 2001, (366 SCRA
752)

● Rural Bank of Sta. Catalina Inc. v. Land Bank of the Philippines, G.R. No.
148019, 26 July 2004, (435 SCRA 183)
● Miranda v. Philippine Deposit Insurance Corporation, G.R. No. 169334, 08
September 2006, (501 SCRA 288)
● In Re : Petition for Assistance in the Liquidation in the Rural Bank of Bokod
Benguet v. Bureau of Internal Revenue, G.R. No. 158261, 18 December 2006,
(511 SCRA 123)
● Apex Bancrights Holdings, Inc. et. al. v. Bangko Sentral Ng Pilipinas, G.R.
No. 214866, 2 October 2017, (841 SCRA 436)
● Yuseco v. PDIC, as statutory liquidator of Unitrust Bank, G.R. No. 217890,
28 September 2016
● Allan Cu v. Small Business Guarantee and Finance Corporation, G.R. No.
218381, July 14, 2021
● Hermosa Savings and Loan Bank v. Development Bank of the Philippines,
G.R. No. 222972, February 10, 2021

B. General Banking Law of 2000 (R.A. No. 8791)

1. Definition and Classification of Banks

● Republic v. Security Credit and Acceptance Corporation, G.R. No. L-20583,

23 January 1967, (19 SCRA 58)

2. Distinction of Banks from Quasi-Banks and Trust Entities

● Bañas v. Asia Pacific Finance Corporation, G.R. No. 128703, 18 October

2000, (343 SCRA 527)
● First Planters Pawnshop, Inc. v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue, G.R.
No. 174134, 30 July 2008 (560 SCRA 606)

3. Diligence Required of Banks—Relevant Jurisprudence

● Simex International (Manila) Inc. v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 88013, 19

March 1990, (183 SCRA 360)
● Sia v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 102970, 13 May 1993, (222 SCRA 24)
● Reyes v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 118492, 15 August 2001, (363 SCRA 51)
● Consolidated Bank and Trust Corporation v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No.
138569, 11 September 2003, (410 SCRA 562)
● Philippine National Bank v. Raymundo, G.R. No. 208672, 07 December
2016, (813 SCRA 326)

Updated as of Aug 5, 2022 DEAN NILO T. DIVINA | 20

 ● Spouses Carbonell v. Metropolitan Bank And Trust Company, G.R. No.
178467, 26 April 2017, (845 SCRA 01)
● Citystate Savings Bank v. Tobias, G.R. No. 227990, 07 March 2018, (858
SCRA 63)
● Ong Bun v. Bank of the Philippine Islands, G.R. No. 212362, 14 March 2018,
(589 SCRA 80)

● Bank of the Philippine Islands v. Spouses. Quiaoit, G.R. No. 199562, 16

January 2019, (_ SCRA _)
● Allied Banking Corporation v. Sia, G.R. No. 195341, 28 August 2019, (_
SCRA _)
● Philippine National Bank v. Giron-Roque, G.R. No. 240311, 18 September
2019 (_ SCRA _)
● Metropolitan Bank and Trust Company v. Carmelita Cruz and Vilma Low
Tay, G.R. No. 221220, January 19, 2021
● Allied Banking Corporation v. Spouses Macam, G.R. No. 200635, February
1, 2021
● Remedios Banta v. Equitable Bank, G.R. No. 223694, February 10, 2021

4. Nature of Bank Funds and Bank Deposits

● Consolidated Bank and Trust Corporation v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No.

138569, 11 September 2003, (410 SCRA 562)
● Suan v. Gonzales, A.C. No. 6377, 12 March 2007, (518 SCRA 82)

5. Stipulation on Interests

● Macalinao v. Bank of the Philippine Islands, G.R. No. 175490, 17

September 2009, (600 SCRA 67)
● Advocates for Truth in Lending Inc. v. Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas,
Monetary Board, G.R. No. 192986, 15 January 2013, (688 SCRA 530)
● Villa Crista Monte Realty & Development Corporation v. Equitable PCI
Bank, G.R. No. 208336, 21 November 2018 (_ SCRA_)
● Rey v. Anson, G.R. No. 211206, 07 November 2018 (_SCRA_)
● Sally Go-Bangayan v. Spouses Leoncio and Judy Cham Ho, G.R. No 203020,
June 28, 2021
● United Coconut Planters Bank v. Editha Ang and Violeta Fernandez, G.R.
No. 222448, November 24, 2021

6. Prohibitive Transactions by Bank Directors and Officers

a. Single Borrower’s Limit

b. Restrictions on Bank Exposure to DOSRI (Directors,
Officers, Stockholders and their Related Interests

Updated as of Aug 5, 2022 DEAN NILO T. DIVINA | 21

 ● Go v. Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas, G.R. No. 178429, 23 October 2009, (604
SCRA 322)
● Soriano v. People, G.R. No. 162336, 01 February 2010 (611 SCRA 191)
● Republic v. Sandiganbayan, G.R. Nos. 166859, 169203, 180702, 12 April
2011 (648 SCRA 47)

C. Secrecy of Bank Deposits (R.A. No. 1405, as amended, and

R.A. No. 6426, as amended)

1. Purpose

● BSB Group, Inc. v. Go, G.R. No. 168644, 16 February 2010, (612 SCRA
596)

2. Prohibited Acts

● Philippine Commercial International Bank v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No.

97785, 29 March 1996, (255 SCRA 299)

3. Deposits Covered

● Intengan v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 128996, 15 February 2002, (377

SCRA 63)
● Ejercito v. Sandiganbayan (Special Division), G.R. Nos. 157294-95, 30
November 2006, (509 SCRA 190)
● Sibayan v. Alda, G.R. No. 233395, 17 January 2018, (852 SCRA 102)

4. Exceptions

● Oñate v. Abrogar, G.R. Nos. 107303, 107491, 23 February 1995, (230

SCRA 181)
● Mellon Bank, N.A. v. Magsino, G.R. No. 71479, 18 October 1990, (190
SCRA 633)
● Philippine Commercial & Industrial Bank v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No.
84526, 28 January 1991, (193 SCRA 452)
● Van Twest v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 106253, 10 February 1994 (230
SCRA 42)
● Marquez v. Desierto, G.R. No. 135882, 27 June 2001, (359 SCRA 772);
Office of the Ombudsman v. Ibay, G. R. No. 137538, 03 September 2001,
(364 SCRA 281)
● Union Bank of the Philippines v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 134699, 23
December 1999, (321 SCRA 563)
● China Bank Corporation v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 140687, 18
December 2006, (511 SCRA 110)

Updated as of Aug 5, 2022 DEAN NILO T. DIVINA | 22

 ● BSB Group, Inc. v. Go, G.R. No. 168644, 16 February 2010, (612 SCRA
596)
● Doña Adela Export International Inc., v. Trade and Investment
Development Corporation, G.R. No. 201931, 11 February 2015 (750 SCRA
429)

5. Garnishment of Deposits, Including Foreign Deposits

● Philippine Commercial & Industrial Bank v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No.

84526, 28 January 1991, (193 SCRA 452)
● Salvacion v. Central Bank of the Philippines, G.R. No. 94723, 21 August
1997, (278 SCRA 27)
● Government Service Insurance System v. 15th Division of the Court of
Appeals, G.R. No. 189206, 8 June 2011, (651 SCRA 661)

D. Anti-Money Laundering Act (R.A. No. 9160, as amended by

R.A. No. 9194, 10167, 10365, 10927, and 11521)

1. Policy
2. Covered Institutions and Their Obligations
3. Covered Transactions

• Republic of the Philippines v. Sandiganbayan, G.R. No. 232724-27,

February 15, 2021,

4. Suspicious Transactions
5. Safe Harbor Provision
6. Money Laundering (How Committed; Unlawful
Activities or Predicate Crimes)

● Republic v. Glasgow Credit and Collection Services, Inc., G.R. No. 170281,
18 January 2008 (542 SCRA 95)
● Republic v. Eugenio, Jr., G.R. No. 174629, 14 February 2008, (545 SCRA
384)
● Republic v. Bolante, G.R. No. 186717, 17 April 2017, (822 SCRA 526)
● Philippine Deposit Insurance Corporation v. Gidwani, G.R. No. 234616, 20
June 2018, (867 SCRA 581)

7. Anti-Money Laundering Council and its Functions

8. Authority to Inquire into Bank Deposits
9. Freezing of Monetary Instrument or Property

● Republic v. Cabrini Green & Ross, Inc., G.R. No. 154522, 05 May 2006,
(489 SCRA 644)

Updated as of Aug 5, 2022 DEAN NILO T. DIVINA | 23

 ● Ligot v. Republic, G.R. No. 176944, 06 March 2013, (692 SCRA 509)
● Subido Pagente Certeza Mendoza and Binay Law Offices v. Court of
Appeals, G.R. No. 216914, 06 December 2016, (813 SCRA 1)
● Edgardo Yambao v. Republic of the Philippines, G.R. No. 171054, January
26, 2021

III. Insurance Law

A. Basic Concepts

• Philippine Health Care Providers, Inc., vs. Commissioner of Internal

Revenue, G.R. No. 167330, September 18, 2009

1. Elements of an Insurance Contract

• Philamcare Health System vs. Court of Appeals (379 SCRA 432 [1997])
• Fortune Medicare Inc. vs Amorin, G.R. No. 195872, March 12, 2014
• Jaime T. Gaisano V. Development Insurance and Surety Corporation, G.R.
No. 190702, February 27, 2017

2. Characteristics/ Nature of Insurance Contracts

• Heirs of Loreto C. Maramag vs. Eva Verna De Guzman Maramag, et al.,

G.R. No. 181132, June 5, 2009
• Tibay vs. Court of Appeals (257 SCRA 126 [1996])

3. Classes of Insurance
a) Marine

• Isabela Roque, doing business under the name and style of Isabela Roque
Timber Enterprises, et al., vs. The Intermediate Appellate Court, et al., G.R.
No. L-66935, November 11, 1985
• Cathay Insurance Co., vs. Court of Appeals, et al., G.R. No. L-76145, June
30, 1987
• Filipino Merchants Insurance Co., Inc., vs. Court of Appeals, et al., G.R. No.
85141, November 28, 1989
• Choa Tiek Seng, doing business under the name and style of Seng’s
Commercial Enterprises vs. Court of Appeals, et al., G.R. No. 84507, March
15, 1990
• Keppel Cebu Shipyard, Inc. vs. Pioneer Insurance and Surety Corporation,
601 SCRA 96
• Mayer Steel Pipe Corp. vs. Court of Appeals and South Sea Surety (274
SCRA 432 [1997])

Updated as of Aug 5, 2022 DEAN NILO T. DIVINA | 24

 b) Fire

• Development Insurance Corporation vs. Intermediate Appellate Court, et

al., G.R. No. L-71360, July 16, 1986
• Pacific Banking Corp. vs. Court of Appeals and Oriental Assurance
Corporation (168 SCRA 1 [1988])
• Philippine Home Assurance Corporation vs. Court of Appeals, G.R. No.
106999, June 20, 1996
• Malayan Insurance Co., Inc. V. Lin. G.R. No. 207277, January 16, 2017

c) Casualty

• Fortune Insurance and Surety Co., Inc. vs. Court of Appeals and Producers
Bank of the Philippines, G.R. No. 115278, May 23, 1995
• Coquia vs. Fieldmen’s Insurance Company, Inc., 26 SCRA 178
• Far Eastern Surety & Trust Company, Inc. vs. Misa, 25 SCRA 662
• Finman General Assurance Corporation vs. Court of Appeals, 213 SCRA 493

d) Suretyship

• First Lepanto-Taisho Insurance Corporation vs. Chevron Philippines, Inc.,

G.R. No. 177839, January 18, 2012
• National Power Corporation vs. Court of Appeals, et al., G.R. No. L-43706,
November 14, 1986
• Finman General Assurance Corporation vs. William Inocencio, et al., G.R.
No. 90273-75, November 15, 1989
• Country Bankers Insurance Corporation vs. Antonio Lagman, G.R. No.
165487, July 13, 2011

e) Life

• The Insular Life Assurance Company, Ltd., vs. Carponia T. Ebrado and
Pascuala Vda. De Ebrado, G.R. No. l-44059, October 28, 1977
• Great Pacific Life Assurance Company vs. Court of Appeals, 89 SCRA 543
(1979)
• Tan vs. Court of Appeals, 174 SCRA 403 (1989)
• Sun Insurance Office, Ltd. vs. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 92383, July 17,
1992
• Heirs of Loreto C. Maramag vs. Maramag, GR No. 181132, June 5, 2009

f) Microinsurance
g) Compulsory Motor Vehicle Liability Insurance

• Vda. De Maglana vs. Hon. Consolacion (212 SCRA 268 [1992])

Updated as of Aug 5, 2022 DEAN NILO T. DIVINA | 25

 • The Heirs of George Y. Poe vs. Malayan Insurance Company, Inc., G.R. No.
156302, April 7, 2009
• Jewel Villacorta vs. Insurance Commission, et al., G.R. No. 54171. October
28, 1980
• James Stokes, as Attorney-in-Fact of Daniel Stephen Adolfson vs. Malayan
Insurance Co., Inc., G.R. No. L-34768. February 24, 1984
• Andrew Palermo vs. Pyramid Insurance Co., Inc., G.R. No. L-36480. May
31, 1988
• Agapito Gutierrez vs. Capital Insurance & Surety Co., Inc., G.R. No. L-
26827, June 29, 1984
• Lao vs. Standard Insurance Company, Inc., 409 SCRA 43
• Perla Compania De Seguros, Inc., vs. Hon. Constante A. Ancheta, Presiding
Judge of the Court of First Instance of Camarines Norte, Branch III, et al.,
G.R. No. L-49699, August 8, 1988

h) Compulsory Insurance Coverage for Agency-Hired

Workers

4. Insurable Interest

• Philamcare Health System vs. Court of Appeals (379 SCRA 356 [2002])
• Lalican vs. Insular Life Assurance Company Ltd (597 SCRA 159 [2009])
• Spouses Nilo Cha and Stella Uy Cha vs. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 124520,
August 18, 1997
• Malayan Insurance Company vs. PAP Co. (PHIL. BRANCH), G.R. No. 200784,
August 07, 2013

5. Double Insurance and Overinsurance

• Armando Geagonia vs. Court of Appeals, et al., G.R. No. 114427, February
6, 1995
• Malayan Insurance Co., Inc., vs. Philippine First Insurance Co., Inc. and
Reputable Forwarder Services, Inc., G.R. No. 184300, July 11, 2012
• Great Pacific Life vs. Court of Appeals (316 SCRA 677 [1999])
• MultiWare Manufacturing Corporation v Cibeles Corporation, G.R. No.
230528, February 1, 2021

6. No Fault, Suicide, and Incontestability Clause

• Emilio Tan vs. Court of Appeals,G.R. No. 48049, June 29, 1989
• Manila Bankers v. Aban, G.R. No. 175666, July 29, 2013
• Sun Life of Canada v. Sibya, G.R. No. 211212
• Insular Life v. Felipe Khu, GR. No. 195176, April 18, 2016

Updated as of Aug 5, 2022 DEAN NILO T. DIVINA | 26

 B. Perfection of the Insurance Contract
C. Rights and Obligations of Parties

1. Insurer

- Cancellation of policy

• Malayan Insurance Co., Inc. vs. Gregoria Cruz Arnaldo, in her capacity as
the Insurance Commissioner, et al., G.R. No. L-67835, October 12, 1987

- Loss

• UCPB General, Insurance Co., Inc. v. Asgard Corrugated Box

Manufacturing Corporation, G.R. No. 244407, January 26, 2021,
• Industrial Personnel and Management Services v. Country Bankers
Insurance, G.R. No. 194126, October 17, 2018
• Alpha Plus International Enterprises Corp. v. Philippine Charter
Insurance Corp, G.R. No. 203756, February 10, 2021,

- Subrogation

• Pan Malayan Insurance Corporation vs. Court of Appeals, et al., G.R. No.
81026, April 3, 1990
• Aboitiz Shipping Corporation v. Insurance Company Of North America,
G.R. No. 168402, August 6, 2008
• Malayan Insurance Co., Inc., vs. Rodelio Alberto, et al., G.R. No. 194320,
February 1, 2012
• The Philippine American General Insurance Company, Inc., vs. Court of
Appeals, et al., G.R. No. 116940, June 11, 1997
• Fireman’s Fund Insurance Company vs. Jamila & Company, Inc., G.R. No.
L-27427, April 7, 1976
• St. Paul Fire & Marine Insurance Co. vs. Macondray & Co., Inc., et al ., G.R.
No. L-27796, March 25, 1976
• Manila Mahogany Manufacturing Corporation vs. Court of Appeals, G.R.
No. L-52756, October 12, 1987
• Delsan Transport Lines, Inc. vs. Court of Appeals, et al., G.R. No. 127897,
November 15, 2001
• Eastern Shipping Lines, Inc. vs. Prudential Guarantee and Assurance, Inc.,
G.R. No. 174116, September 11, 2009
• Asian Terminals vs First Lepanto-Taisho Insurance, GR no. 185964, June
16, 2014
• Loadstar Shipping Company vs Malayan Insurance Company, GR no.
185565, November 26, 2014
• Loadstar Shipping Company, Incorporated and Loadstar International

Updated as of Aug 5, 2022 DEAN NILO T. DIVINA | 27

 Shipping Company, Incorporated V. Malayan Insurance Company,
Incorporated, G.R. No. 185565 (Resolution), April 26, 2017
• Equitable Insurance Corporation V. Transmodal International, Inc., G.R.
No. 223592, August 7, 2017
• Keihin-Everett Forwarding Co. Inc v. Tokio Marine Malayan Insurance Co.,
G.R. No. 212107, October 28, 20191
• Vicente Henson, Jr v. UCPB General Insurance Co., G.R. No. 223134,
August 14, 2019

2. Insured

- Premium payment

• Capital Insurance & Surety Co., Inc., vs. Plastic Era Co., Inc., et al., G.R.
No. L-22375, July 18, 1975
• Arturo Valenzuela, et al. vs. Court Of Appeals, et al., G.R. No. 83122,
October 19, 1990
• Great Pacific Life Insurance Corporation vs. Court of Appeals, et al., G.R.
No. L-57308, April 23, 1990
• Philippine Pryce Assurance Corporation vs. Court of Appeals, et al., G.R.
No. 107062, February 21, 1994
• American Home Assurance vs. Antonio Chua, G.R. 130421, June 28, 1999
• UCPB General Insurance Co. Inc., vs. Masagana Telemart, Inc., G.R. No.
137172, April 4, 2001
• Makati Tuscany Condominium Corp. vs. Court of Appeals (215 SCRA 463
[1992])
• Jose Marques and Maxilite Technologies, Inc., vs. Far East Bank And Trust
Company, et al., G.R. No. 171379, January 10, 2011
• Philam Insurance v. Parc Chateau Condominium Unit Owners Association,
G. R. No. 20116, March 4, 2019
• Chartis Philippines Insurance, Inc. v. Cyber City Teleservices, Ltd, G.R.
No. 234299, March 03, 2021

- Refund of premium

• Great Pacific Life Insurance Corporation vs. Court of Appeals, et al., G.R.
No. L-57308, April 23, 1990

- Prescription of action

• Summit Guaranty and Insurance Company, Inc. vs. Hon. Jose C. De

Guzman, in his capacity as Presiding Judge of Branch III, CFI of Tarlac, et
al., G.R. No. L-50997, June 30, 1987
• Sun Life Office, Ltd. vs. Court of Appeals, GR. No. 89741, Mar. 13, 1991

Updated as of Aug 5, 2022 DEAN NILO T. DIVINA | 28

 • Country Bankers Insurance Corp., vs. Travellers Insurance and Surety
Corp., et al., G.R. No. 82509, August 16, 1989
• H.H. Hollero Construction vs GSIS, GR no. 152334, September 24, 2014

- Notice and Proof of Loss

• FGU Insurance Corporation vs. Court of Appeals, 454 SCRA 351

• United Merchants Corporation vs. Country Bankers Insurance
Corporation, G.R. No. 198588, July 11, 2012
• Finman Gen. Assurance vs. Court of Appeals (361 SCRA 214 [2001])
• Tan It vs. Sun Insurance 51 Phil 212
• Industrial Personnel and Management Services, Inc. v. Country Bankers
Insurance Corp., G.R. No. 194126, [October 17, 2018]

3. Beneficiary

D. Rescission of Insurance Contracts

1. Concealment

• Great Pacific Life Assurance Company vs. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. L-
31845. April 30, 1979
• Ng Gan Zee vs. Asian Crusader Life Assurance Corporation, G.R. No. L-
30685, May 30, 1983
• New Life Enterprises and Julian Sy vs. Court of Appeals, et al., G.R. No.
94071, March 31, 1992
• Sunlife Assurance Company of Canada vs. Court of Appeals, et al., G.R. No.
105135, June 22, 1995
• Thelma Vda. De Canilang vs. Court of Appeals and Grepalife (223 SCRA
443 [1993])
• The Insular Life Assurance Co., Ltd. v. Heirs of Alvarez, G.R. Nos. 207526
& 210156, October 3, 2018

2. Misrepresentation or Omissions

• Ma. Lourdes s. Florendo vs. Philam Plans, Inc., et al., G.R. No. 186983,
February 22, 2012
• Emilio Tan vs. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 48049, June 29, 1989
• Manila Bankers Life Insurance Corporation vs. Cresencia P. Aban, G.R.
No. 175666, July 29, 2013
• Florendo vs. Philam Plans, G.R. No. 186983, February 22, 2012
• The Insular Life Assurance Co., Ltd. v. Heirs of Alvarez, G.R. Nos. 207526
& 210156, [October 3, 2018]

Updated as of Aug 5, 2022 DEAN NILO T. DIVINA | 29

 3. Breach of Warranties

• Qua Chee Gan v. Law Union (98 Phil 85 [1955])

• Malayan Insurance Company, Inc. vs. Pap Co., Ltd., G.R. No. 200784,
August 7, 2013
• New Life Enterprises vs. Court of Appeals, 207 SCRA 669
• Young vs. Midland Textile Insurance Company, 30 Phil. 617
• Bachrach vs. British American Assurance Company, 17 Phil. 555
• Young vs. Midland Textile Insurance Company, 30 Phil. 617

IV. Transportation Law

A. Common Carriers

• Pedro De Guzman v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. L-47822, December 12,

1988
• Cebu Salvage Corporation vs. Philippine Home Assurance Corporation,
G.R. No. 150403, January 25, 2007
• Philippine American General Insurance Company vs. PKS Shipping
Company, G.R. No. 149038, April 9, 2003
• Spouses Cruz v. Sun Holidays, G.R. No. 186312, June 29, 2010

Examples of common carrier

• First Philippine Industrial Corporation vs. Court of Appeals, G.R. No.

125948, December 29, 1989
• A.F. Sanchez Brokerage Inc. vs. Court of Appeals, G.R. No.
147079, December 21, 2004
• Loadmasters Customs Services, Inc. vs. Glodel Brokerage Corporation, GR
No. 179446, January 10, 2011
• Unsworth Transport International (Phils.) vs. Court of Appeals, G.R. No.
166250, July 26, 2010
• Spouses Perena vs. Spouses Nicolas, GR No. 157917, August 29, 2012
• C.V. Gaspar Salvage & Lighterage v. LGU Insurance Company Ltd., G.R.
Nos. 206892 and 207035, February 3, 2021

1. Diligence Required of Common Carriers

• Virgines Calvo doing business under the name and style Transorient
Container Terminal Services, Inc. vs. UCPB General Insurance Co., Inc.,
G.R. No. 148496, March 19, 2002
• Vector Shipping Corp. and Francisco Soriano vs. Adelfo B. Macasa 559
SCRA 97 (2008)

Updated as of Aug 5, 2022 DEAN NILO T. DIVINA | 30

 • R Transport Corporation vs. Pante, G.R. No. 162104, September 15, 2009
• Nedlloyd Lijnen B.V. Rotterdam and the East Asiatic Co., LTD. vs. Glow
Laks Enterprises, LTD., G.R. No. 156330, November 19, 2014
• Eastern Shipping Lines, Inc. vs. BPI/MS Insurance Corporation and Mitsui
Insurance Co., Ltd., G.R. No. 182864, January 12, 2015
• Asian Terminals vs. Simon Enterprises, Inc. GR no. 177116, February 27
2013
• Alfredo Manay, Jr. V. Cebu Air,Inc, G.R. No. 210621, April 04, 2016
• Cacho v. Manahan, G.R. No. 203081, [January 17, 2018]
• Federal Express Corporation V. Luwalhati R. Antonino And Eliza Bettina
Ricasa Antonino, G.R. No. 199455, Third Division, June 27, 2018,
LEONEN, J
• Keihin-Everett Forwarding Co., Inc., V. Tokio Marine Malayan Insurance
Co., Inc. And Sunfreight Forwarders & Customs Brokerage, Inc., G.R. No.
212107, SECOND DIVISION, October 28, 2019, REYES, J. JR., J.
• Annie Tan V. Great Harvest Enterprises, Inc., G.R. No. 220400, Third
Division, March 20, 2019

2. Liabilities of Common Carriers

• Equitable Leasing Corporation vs. Lucita Suyom et al., G.R. No. 143360,
September 5, 2002
• Light Rail Transit Authority & Rodolfo Roman vs. Marjorie Natividad, G.R.
No. 145804, February 6, 2003
• Singapore Airlines Limited vs. Fernandez, G.R. No. 142305, December 10,
2003
• Cathay Pacific Airways, Ltd., vs. Spouses Daniel Vazquez And Maria Luisa
Madrigal Vazquez, G.R. No. 150843, March 14, 2003
• William Tiu, doing business under the name and style of “D’ Rough Riders”
vs. Pedro A. Arriesgado, G.R. No. 138060, September 1, 2004
• Philippine Airlines Inc. vs. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 123238, September
22, 2008
• The Heirs of the late Ruben Reinoso, Sr. vs. Court of Appeals, GR No.
116121, July 18, 2011
• Heirs of Jose Marcial Ochoa vs. G&S Transport Corporation, G.R. No.
170071, March 9, 2011 as affirmed in the July 16, 2012 decision
• Loadstar Shipping Company, Inc., and Loadstar International Shipping Co.,
Inc. vs. Malayan Insurance Co., Inc., G.R. No. 185565, November 26, 2014
• Spouses Jesus Fernando and Elizabeth Fernando v. Northwest Airlines,
Inc., G.R. No. 212038 and G.R. No. 212043, February 8, 2017
• Jose Sanico and Vicente Castro v. Werherlina P. Colipano, G.R. No. 209969,
September 27, 2017
• Sulpicio Lines, Inc. V. Napoleon Sesante, G.R. No. 172682, July 27, 2016

Updated as of Aug 5, 2022 DEAN NILO T. DIVINA | 31

 • Alfredo S. Ramos V. China Southern Airlines Co. Ltd., G.R. No. 213418,
September 21, 2016
• Cathay Pacific Airways, Ltd. V. Spouses Arnulfo, G. R. No. 188283, July 20,
2016
• Sulpicio Lines, Inc. v. Karaan, G.R. No. 208590, [October 3, 2018]
• Asian Terminals, Inc. (Ati) V. Padoson Stainless Steel Corporation, G.R. No.
211876, FIRST DIVISION, June 25, 2018,
• KLM Royal Dutch Airlines V. Dr. Jose M. Tiongco G.R. No. 212136. October
4, 2021

B. Vigilance Over Goods

1. Exempting Causes

• Mauro Ganzon vs. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. L-48757, May 30, 1988
• Central Shipping Company, Inc. vs. Insurance Company of North America,
G.R. No. 150751, September 20, 2004
• Virgines Calvo doing business under the name and style Transorient
Container Terminal Services, Inc. vs. UCPB General Insurance Co., Inc.,
G.R. No. 148496, March 19, 2002
• Torres-Madrid Brokerage, Inc. V. Feb Mitsui Marine Insurance Co., Inc..
G.R. No. 194121, July 11, 2016
• Transimex Co. V. Mafre Asian Insurance Corp., G.R. No. 190271,
September 14, 2016
• Keihin-Everett Forwarding Co. v. Tokio Marine Malayan Insurance Co., G.
R. No. 212107, October 28, 2019

2. Contributory Negligence
3. Duration of Liability

• Mauro Ganzon vs. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. L-48757, May 30, 1988
• Oriental Assurance Corporation v. Manuel Ong, doing business under the
business name of Western Pacific Transport Services and/or Asian
Terminals, Inc., G.R. No. 189524, October 11, 2017
• Federal Express Corporation v. Luwalhati Antonino, et. al., g.r. No. 199455,
June 27, 2018

a) Actual or Constructive Liability

• Lu Do & Lu YM Corporation vs. I.V. Binamira, G.R. No. L-9840, April 22,
1957
• Compañia Maritima vs. Insurance Company of North America, G.R. No. L-
18965, October 30, 1964

Updated as of Aug 5, 2022 DEAN NILO T. DIVINA | 32

 • Westwind Shipping Corporation vs. UCPB General Insurance Co., G.R. No.
200289, November 25, 2013

b) Temporary Unloading or Storage

4. Stipulation for Limitation of Liability

a) Void Stipulations
b) Limitation of Liability to Fixed Amount
c) Limitation of Liability in Absence of
Declaration of Greater Value

• St. Paul Fire & Marine Insurance Co. vs. Macondray & Co, Inc., et al., G.R.
No. L-27796, March 25, 1976
• Eastern and Australian Steamship Co., Ltd. vs. Great American Insurance
Co., G.R. No. L-37604 October 23, 1981

5. Liability for Baggage of Passengers

a) Checked-In Baggage
b) Hand-Carried Baggage

C. Safety of Passengers

• Victory Liner, Inc. vs. Rosalito Gammad, G.R. No. 159636, November 25,
2004
• Philippine National Railways vs. The Honorable Court of Appeals, G.R. No.
L-55347, October 4, 1985

1. Void Stipulations
2. Duration of Liability

• Dangwa Transportation Co., Inc. vs. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 95582,
October 7, 1991
• La Mallorca vs. Honorable Court of Appeals, G.R. No. L-20761, July 27, 1966
• Aboitiz Shipping Corporation vs. Hon. Court of Appeals, Eleventh Division,
G.R. No. 884458, November 6, 1989

3. Liability for Acts of Others

a) Employees

• Antonia Maranan vs. Pascual Perez, et al, G.R. No. L-22272, June 26, 1967
• Leopoldo Poblete vs. Donato Fabros, G.R. No. L-29803, September 14, 1979

Updated as of Aug 5, 2022 DEAN NILO T. DIVINA | 33

 • Sabena Belgian World Airlines vs. Honorable Court of Appeals G.R. No.
82068. March 31, 1989

b) Other Passengers and Strangers

• Jose Pilapil vs. Hon. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 52159, December 22, 1989

4. Extent of Liability for Damages

• Philippine Airlines, Inc. vs. Hon. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 54470, May 8,
1990
• Pan American World Airways, Inc. vs. Intermediate Appellate Court, G.R.
No. 68988, June 21, 1990
• China Airlines Limited vs. Court of Appeals, 211 SCRA 897 (1992)
• Sulpicio Lines, Inc., vs. The Honorable Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 113578,
July 14, 1995
• Collin A. Morris vs. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 127957, February 21, 2001
• Smith Bell Dodwell Shipping Agency Corp. vs. Borja, 383 SCRA 341 (2002)
• Victory Liner, Inc. vs. Rosalito Gammad, G.R. No. 159636, November 25,
2004

D. The Montreal Convention of 1999

1. Applicability

• Philippine Airlines Inc. vs. Hon. Adriano Savillo, et. al., G.R. No. 149547,
July 4, 2008
• KLM Royal Dutch Airlines vs. Court of Appeals, 65 SCRA 237 (1975)
• Alitalia vs. Intermediate Appellate Court, G.R. No. 71929, December 4, 1990
• Sabena World Airlines vs. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 104685, March 14,
1996

2. Extent of Liability of Air Carrier

• Lhuillier vs. British Airways, G.R. No. 171092, March 15, 2010
• British Airways vs. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 121824, January 29, 1998
• Collin A. Morris vs. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 127957, February 21, 2001
• British Airways vs. Court of Appeals, 258 SCRA 450 (1996)

a) Death or Injury of Passenger

• Lufthansa German Airlines vs. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 83612,

November 24, 1994

Updated as of Aug 5, 2022 DEAN NILO T. DIVINA | 34

 b) Lost or Delayed Baggage

• Philippine Airlines Inc. vs. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 119706, March 14,
1996

V. Intellectual Property Code (R.A. No. 8293)

[Note: Exclude Implementing Rules and Regulations]

A. Patents

1. Patentable Inventions
a) Novelty
b) Inventive Step
c) Industrial Applicability

• Jessie Ching vs. William Salinas, et. al., G.R. No. 161295, June 29, 2005

2. Non-Patentable Inventions
3. Ownership of a Patent

a) Right of a Patent

• Pearl & Dean (Philippines), Inc. vs. Shoemart, Inc., G.R. No. 148222,
August 15, 2003

b) First-to-File Rule
c) Inventions Created Pursuant to a Commission
d) Right of Priority

• E.I. Dupont De Nemours and Co. V. Director Emma C. Francisco, GR. No.
174379, August 31, 2016

4. Grounds for Cancellation of a Patent

5. Remedy of the True and Actual Inventor
6. Rights Conferred by a Patent

• Domiciano Aguas vs. Conrado De Leon, G.R. No. L-32160, January 30,
1982
• Manzano vs. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 113388, September 5, 1997
• Precision Systems, Inc.,vs. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 118708, February
2, 1998
• Del Rosario vs. Court of Appeals, 255 SCRA 152 (1996)
• Smith Kline Beckman Corporation vs. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 126627,
August 14, 2003

Updated as of Aug 5, 2022 DEAN NILO T. DIVINA | 35

 • Philippine Pharmawealth, Inc.,vs. Pfizer, Inc., G.R. No. 167715,
November 17, 2010

7. Limitations of Patent Rights

a) Prior User
b) Use by Government
8. Patent Infringement
a) Tests in Patent Infringement
(1) Literal Infringement

• Pascual Godines vs. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 97343, September 13, 1993

(2) Doctrine of Equivalents

• Pascual Godines vs. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 97343, ibid

• Smith Kline Beckman Corporation vs. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 126627,
ibid

b) Defenses in Action for Infringement

• Rosario Maguan vs. Court of Appeals, G.R. L-45101, November 28, 1986

9. Licensing
a) Voluntary
b) Compulsory

• Prince vs. United Laboratories, Inc.,166 SCRA 133 (1988)

10. Assignment and Transmission of Rights

B. Trademarks

1. Marks vs. Collective Marks vs. Trade Names

2. Acquisition of Ownership of Mark

• Elidad C. Kho, doing business under the name and style of KEC Cosmetics
Laboratory vs. Court of Appeals, et. al., G.R. No. 115758, March 19, 2002
• E.Y. Industrial Sales vs. Shien Dar Electricity and Machinery Co. , G.R. No.
184850, 20 October 2010
• Birkenstock Orthopaedie Gmbh and Co. Kg vs. Philippine Shoe Expo
Marketing Corporation, G.R. No. 194307, November 20, 2013
• Zuneca Phamaceutical v Natrapharm, G.R. No. 211850, September 8, 2020

Updated as of Aug 5, 2022 DEAN NILO T. DIVINA | 36

 3. Acquisition of Ownership of Trade Name

• Coffee Partners vs. San Francisco Coffee and Roastery, Inc., G.R. No.
169504, March 3, 2010
• Fredco Manufacturing Corporation vs. President and Fellows of Harvard
College, GR No. 185917, ibid

• Ecole De Cuisine Manille (Cordon Bleu of the Philippines), Inc. vs. Renaus
Cointreau & Cie and Le Cordon Bleu Int’l, B.V., G.R. No. 185830, June 5,
2013

4. Non-Registrable Marks

• Lyceum of the Philippines vs. Court of Appeals, 219 SCRA 610 (1993)
• Societe Des Produits, Nestle, S.A. v. Puregold Price Club, Inc., G.R. No.
217194, September 6, 2017
• Kensonic, Inc. v. Uni-Line Multi-Resources, Inc., (Phil.), G.R. Nos. 211820-
21 & 211834-35, [June 6, 2018]

5. Test to Determine Confusing Similarity Between Marks

a) Dominancy Test

• Amigo Manufacturing, Inc. vs. Cluett Peabody Co., Inc., G.R. No. 139300,
March 14, 2001
• Societe Des Produits Nestle, S.A. vs. Court of Appeals and CFC
Corporation, G.R. No. 112012, April 4, 2001
• McDonald’s Corporation vs. L.C. Big Mak Burger, Inc., G.R. No. 143993,
August 18, 2004
• McDonald’s Corporation vs. Macjoy Fastfood Corporation, G.R. No. 166115,
February 2, 2007
• Berris Agricultural Co., Inc. vs. Norvy Abyadang, G.R. No. 183404, October
13, 2010
• Dermaline, Inc. vs. Myra Phamaceuticals, Inc., G.R. No. 190065, August 1,
2010
• Soceite Des Produits Nestle, S.A. vs. Dy, Jr., G.R. No. 172276, August 8,
2010
• Sketchers USA vs. Inter Pacific Industrial Trading Corporation, GR No.
164321, March 28, 2011
• Mang Inasal Philippines, Inc. v. IFP Manufacturing Corporation, G.R. No.
221717, June 19, 2017
• Emerald Garment Manufacturing Corporation v. H.D. Lee Company, Inc.,
G.R. No. 210693, June 7, 2017

Updated as of Aug 5, 2022 DEAN NILO T. DIVINA | 37

 • Citigroup, Inc. v. Citystate Savings Bank, Inc., G.R. No. 205409, [June 13,
2018]
• Emzee Foods, Inc. v. Elarfoods, Inc., G.R. No. 220558, February 17, 2021
• Kolin Electronics Co. INC. V. Kolin Philippines International, Inc., G.R. No.
228165, Febrayry 9, 2021
• Levi Strauss & Co. v. Sevilla, G.R. No. 219744, March 1, 2021

6. Well-Known Marks

• Pribhdas J. Mirpuri vs. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 114508, ibid

• Mighty Corporation and La Campana Fabrica De Tabaco, Inc. vs. E. & J.
Gallo Winery and the Andresons Group, Inc., G.R. No. 154342, July 14,
2004
• Sehwani, Inc. vs. In-N-Out Burger, Inc., G.R. No. 171053, October 15, 2007
• Fredco Manufacturing Corporation vs. President and Fellows of Harvard
College, GR No. 185917, June 1, 2011

7. Rights Conferred by Registration

• Hickok Manufacturing, Co., Inc. vs. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. L-44707,
August 31, 1982
• Faberge, Inc. vs. Intermediate Appellate Court, G.R. No. 71189, November
4, 1992
• Canon Kabushiki Kaisha vs. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 120900, July 20,
2004
• Mighty Corporation and La Campana Fabrica De Tabaco, Inc. vs. E. & J.
Gallo Winery and the Andresons Group, Inc., G.R. No. 154342, July 14,
2004
• Taiwan Kolin Corporation, LTD. vs. Kolin Electronics Co., Inc.,G.R. No.
209843, March 25, 2015
• Kolin Electronics Co., Inc v. Taiwan Kolin Corporation, G.R. No. 221347,
December 1, 2021

8. Cancellation of Registration

• Mattel, Inc. vs. Emma Francisco, et al., 560 SCRA 504 (2008)
• Superior Commercial Enterprises, Inc. vs. Kunnan Enterprises Ltd. and
Sports Concept & Distributor, Inc., G.R. No. 169974, April 20, 2010
• Ma Shairmaine Medina/Rackey Crystal Top Corporation v. Global Quest
Ventures, G.R. No. 213815, February 8, 2021

9. Trademark Infringement

• Conrad and Company, Inc. vs. Court of Appeals, 246 SCRA 691 (1995)

Updated as of Aug 5, 2022 DEAN NILO T. DIVINA | 38

 • Shangri-la International Hotel Management Ltd., et al. vs. Court of
Appeals, 359 SCRA 273 (2001)
• Melbarose R. Sasot and Allandale R. Sasot vs. People of the Philippines,
G.R. No. 143193, June 29, 2005
• Levi Strauss & Co., Levi Strauss (Phils.) Inc. vs. Clinton Apparelle, Inc.,
G.R. No. 138900, September 20, 2005
• Tanduay Distillers, Inc.,vs. Ginebra San Miguel, Inc., G.R. No. 164324,
August 14, 2009
• W Land Holdings, Inc. v. Starwood Hotels And Resorts Worldwide, Inc.,
G.R. No. 222366, December 4, 2017
• CATERPILLAR, INC., Petitioner, v. MANOLO P. SAMSON, G.R. No.
205972 and G.R. No. 164352, November 9, 2016
• Del Monte Corporation and Philippine Packing Corporation vs. Court of
Appeals, G.R. No. L-78325, January 25, 1990
• Asia Brewery, Inc., vs. Court of Appeals and San Miguel Corporation, G.R.
No. 103543, July 5, 1993
• Pearl & Dean (Philippines) Inc. vs. Shoemart, Inc., G.R. No. 148222, ibid
• Ong vs. People of the Philippines, G.R. No. 169440, November 23, 2011
• Republic Gas Corporation (REGASCO), et. al. vs. Petron Corporation, et.
al., G.R. No. 194062, June 17, 2013
• Century Chinese Medicine Co., et. al. vs. People of the Philippines, G.R. No.
188526, November 11, 2013
• ABS-CBN Publishing, Inc. v. Director of the Bureau of Trademarks, G.R.
No. 217916, [June 20, 2018]
• Citigroup, Inc. v. Citystate Savings Bank, Inc., G.R. No. 205409, June 13,
2018, Leonen, J.
• L.C. BIG MAK BURGER, INC., v. MCDONALD'S CORPORATION, G.R.
No. 233073, FIRST DIVISION, February 14, 2018, TIJAM, J.

10. Unfair Competition

• Asia Brewery, Inc. vs. Court of Appeals and San Miguel Corporation, G.R.
No. 103543, ibid
• McDonald’s Corporation vs. L.C. Big Mak Burger, Inc., G.R. No. 143993,
ibid
• Sony Computer Entertainment, Inc. vs. Supergreen, Inc., 518 SCRA 750
(2007)
• Coca-Cola Bottlers Philippines, Inc.,(CCBPI), Naga Plant vs. Quintin
Gomez, et, al., G.R. No. 154491, November 14, 2008
• Republic Gas Corporation (REGASCO), et. al. vs. Petron Corporation, et.
al., G.R. No. 194062, ibid
• Shang Properties Realty Corporation (formerly the Shang Grand Tower
Corporation) and Shang Properties Inc., (formerly EDSA Properties

Updated as of Aug 5, 2022 DEAN NILO T. DIVINA | 39

 Holdings, Inc.) vs. St Francis Development Corporation, G.R. No. 190706,
July 21, 2014
• Roberto Co vs. Keng Huan Jerry Yeung and Emma Yeung, G.R. No. 212705,
September 10, 2014
• San Miguel Pure Foods Co., Inc. v. Foodsphere, Inc., G.R. Nos. 217781 &
217788, [June 20, 2018]
• Elidad Kho and Violate Kho V. Summerville General Merchandising & Co.,
Inc., G.R. No. 213400, August 04, 2021

C. Copyright

1. Basic Principles [Sec. 172.2, 175, and 181 only]

• Manly Sportwear Manufacturing, Inc. vs. Dadodette Enterprises and/or

Hermes Sports Center, G.R. No. 165306, September 20, 2005
• Fernando Juan v. Roberto Juan, Gr No. 221372, August 23 2017

2. Copyrightable Works
3. Non-Copyrightable Works

a) Original Works

• United Features vs. Munsingwear Creation, 179 SCRA 260 (1989)

b) Derivative Works

• Francisco Joaquin, Jr. vs. Franklin Drilon, et. Al., G.R. No. 108946,
January 28, 1999

• Pearl & Dean (Philippine), Inc. vs. Shoemart, Inc., G.R. No. 148222, ibid
• Sison Olaño V. Lim Eng Co, G.R. No. 195835, March 14, 2016
• ABS-CBN Corporation v. Felipe Gozon, G.R. No. 195956, March 11, 2015

4. Rights Conferred by a Copyright

• Francisco Joaquin, Jr. vs. Franklin Drilon, et. al., G.R. No. 108946, January
28, 1999
• Pearl & Dean (Philippine), Inc. vs. Shoemart, Inc., G.R. No. 148222, ibid
• Sison Olaño V. Lim Eng Co, G.R. No. 195835, March 14, 2016

5. Ownership of a Copyright
6. Limitations on Copyright

Updated as of Aug 5, 2022 DEAN NILO T. DIVINA | 40

 • Filipino Society of Composers v. Benjamin Tan, G.R. No. L-36402, March
16, 1987
• ABS-CBN Broadcasting Corporation vs. Philippine Multi-Media System,
Inc., G.R. Nos. 175769-70, January 19, 2009
• GMA Network Inc., vs. Central CATV Inc., G.R. No. 176694, July 18, 2014
• Rappler v Andres Bautista, G.R. No. 222702, April 5, 2016

7. Doctrine of Fair Use

8. Copyright Infringement

• Filipino Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers, Inc. vs. Benjamin

Tan, G.R. No. L-36402, March 16, 1987
• Columbia Pictures, Inc., et. al. vs. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 110318,
August 28, 1996
• Pacita Habana, et. al. vs. Felicidad Robles and Goodwill Trading Co., Inc.,
G.R. No. 131522, July 19, 1999
• Sanrio Company Ltd v. Lim, G.R. No. 168662, February 19, 2008
• NBI-Microsoft Corporation vs. Judy Hwang, et. al., G.R. No. 147043, June
21, 2005

VI. Electronic Commerce Act (R.A. No. 8792)

A. Legal Recognition of Electronic Data Messages,

Documents, and Signatures

• Sanrio Company Ltd v. Lim, G.R. No. 168662, February 19, 2008
• Garcillano v. House of Representatives, G.R. No. 170338, December 23,
2008
• MCC Industrial Sales Corporation v. Ssangyong Corp., G.R. No. 170633,
October 17, 2007
• Chato v. House of Representatives Electoral Tribunal, G.R. No. 199149,
January 22, 2013
• Maliksi v. COMELEC, G.R. No. 203302, April 11, 2013
• Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corp v. Commissioner of Internal
Revenue, G.R. No. 166018

B. Presumption Relating to Electronic Signatures

C. Admissibility and Evidential Weight of Electronic Data
Message or Electronic Document
D. Obligation of Confidentiality

VII. Foreign Investments Act (RA 7042, as amended by RA 11647)

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 A. Policy of the Law [Sec. 1, RA 11647]

B. Definition of Terms [Sec. 2, RA 11647]

1. Foreign Investment
2. Doing Business

● Hahn v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 113074, 22 January 1997, (266 SCRA
537)
● Eriks Pte. Ltd. v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 118843, 06 February 1997,
(267 SCRA 567)

● Agilent Technologies Singapore (Pte.) Ltd. v. Integrated Silicon

Technology Philippines Corporation, G.R. No. 154618, 14 April 2004, (427
SCRA 593)

● Steelcase, Inc. v. Design International Selections, Inc., G.R. No. 171995,

18 April 2012, (670 SCRA 64)

3. Export Enterprise
4. Domestic Market Enterprise

C. Registration of Investment of Non-Philippine Nationals [Sec. 6,

RA 11647]

D. Foreign Investments in Export Enterprises [Sec. 7, RA 11647]

E. Foreign Investments in Domestic Market Enterprises [Sec. 7, RA

7042]

F. Foreign Investment Negative List [Sec. 8, RA 11647]

● Heirs of Gamboa v. Teves, G.R. No. 176579, 09 October 2012, (682 SCRA
397)

VIII. Public Service Act (Commonwealth Act No. (CA) 146, as amended
by RA 11659)

A. Critical Infrastructure [Sec. 2(e), RA 11659]

B. Foreign State-Owned Enterprise [Sec. 2(g), RA 11659]
C. Public Service as Public Utility [Sec. 4, RA 11659]
D. Unlawful Acts [Sec. 9, RA 11659]
E. Powers of the President to Suspend or Prohibit Transaction or

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 Investment [Sec. 23, RA 11659]
F. Investments by an Entity Controlled by or Acting on Behalf of the
Foreign Government, or Foreign State-owned Enterprises [Sec. 24,
RA 11659]
G. Reciprocity Clause [Sec. 25, RA 11659]

---NOTHING FOLLOWS---

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