FOUNDATIONS OF SCIENCE (CHEMISTRY) Recitation 8, FoS 2

Bonding & Lewis structures

1) Draw the most stable Lewis electron dot structures of the following species and mention the non-
zero formal charges.

a) PBr3
b) NH2Cl
c) CH3+
d) NO2+
e) [SO3]2-

a) All FC = 0

b) All FC = 0

c) The central carbon is cationic and has a formal charge of +1

d) FC on N = +1, FC on O = 0,

e) The two oxygen atoms have a formal charge of -1 each.

2) Estimate the energy change (aka enthalpy change, ∆H) for each of the following reactions by
referring to the values of bond dissociation energies from the table at the end.
a) 2 CH4(g) + O2(g) ------- 2CH3OH(g)

b)

Enthalpy change of reactions can be taken as the difference in bond energies of the bonds that are
broken and the bonds that are formed.
a) 2 CH4(g) + O2(g) ------- 2CH3OH(g)
Bonds broken = 2 × 4 C-H bonds in CH4 + 1 O-O double bond
Bonds formed = 2 × 3 C-H bonds + 2 × C-O bond + 2 × O-H bond

∆H =
⸫ ∆H =[ (2 × 4 × 413 kJ/mol) + (495 kJ/mol)] – [(2 × 3 × 413 kJ/mol + (2 × 358 kJ/mol) + (2 × 467
kJ/mol)
= -329 kJ

b)

Total energy to break the bonds = 1 × + 1 × Br-Br = 1072 kJ + 193 kJ = 1265 kJ

Total energy released while formation of bonds = (1 × C=O) + (2 × C-Br) = 745 kJ + 2 × 276 kJ = 1297 kJ

∆H = 1265 kJ – 1297 kJ = -32 kJ

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