PASC UCU Bete DICTIONARY AND GENERAL INFORMATION ON THE * SOCIAL WORK PROFESSION, AND PRACTICE BOOK 1 inher ncarmuniy ang ee Of Column Coleg.Dictionary and General Information ‘on the Social Work Profession and Practice Book 1 Copyright © Great Beoks Publishing and Desiree Bataluna Anonat Blena Cacho Tesoro 2013 All rights reserved 1No part ofthis book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission from the putlisher. Published and exclusively distributed by: Great Books Publishing 7B Cavite Street, ray. Paltok ‘West Avenue, Quezon City ‘Tels: 371-9083; 332-1114 Fax: 371-9083, E-mail: greatbookstrading@email.com ISBN 978.971.0391-87.5, Printed in the Philippines PREFACE Social Work has been a regulated profession in the Philippines since Republic Act No. 4373 (an act to regulate the practice of social work and the operation of social agencies in the Philippines and for other purposes) was passed in 1968, Since then, eocial work practitioners have Used different terms and references from various fields. ‘Through the years, social work practice has evolved in the Philippines and with it are the terms and references ‘used. The dearth and scarcity of materials where you can find the meanings of the terms/words usually used in the profession has urged and motivated the authors to compile the terms commonly used not meant to duplicate published dictionaries but to provide easy access for commonly used terminologies, adopting the current lessons and trends. Hence, sensitive to the needs of the profession, the ‘authors present an easy reference for students, teachers, ‘and_ practitioners in the terms used in different fields of social work practice. has up-to-date definitions of medical, court-related, and general social work/social welfareDitanary nd Ganecllarmation the Soiol Work Protsin on Pract Bonk terms, At the outset, you will find terms used in DSWD’s ‘current programs and services like the 4Ps or the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program. This is to aid social workers, ‘and o implementers with the commonly used terms in the modern world of social welfare, towards the betterment of the modern clientele and the growing participation of the private sector in governance. It is with great hope that the additional terms included here will be of help in raising the enthusiasm and interest, of the growing populatien of the social work students and practitioners in the different fields, tw) DEDICATION To all faceless, nameless people who are into caring and nurturing capacities of people and whe work towards peace and developmentCONTENTS Preface Dedication General Terms in Social Work Practice Medical/Clinical Terme ~ ‘Terma Commonly Used in Court Definition of Terms on Gender and Developrtent (GAD) DSWD Frequently Used Terme (4 Pe) -Frequenty Asked Questions on Gender sand Development (GAD) Frequently Asked Questions on National Housing ‘Targeting System for Proverty Reduction (NHTS-PR) Frequently Asked Questions on Keological ‘Solid Waste Management (RA 9003) requently Asked Questions on Violence ‘Against Women (RA 9262) Abbreviations Used in the Hogpital Setting ‘Acronyms in Court Setting ‘Acronyane in General/DSWD Government Oifces 2 2 106 no 7 120 125 127 130 132GENERAL TERMS USED IN SOCIAL WORK PRACTICE nition and confirmation of an organization like nursing home, mental health center, university, Absolute Poverty. It is or other social service synonymous with desti- provider meets _ specif ‘ution and is stated as ‘a standards developed to conditioncharacterized by make certain that the ‘severe deprivation of basic services provided. by the Truman needs, including vnganeaion/agency are food, safe drinking wa- appropriate and effective, ter, ‘sanitation facilities, Adolescence. Encompas- health, shelter, education ses physiologic, social and. land information; a, set cognitive changes leading standard within a society to the development of which js consistent over adult identity time and between coun- Agency-Based Flieldwori tries, Setting. Refers to. the Accreditation. The recog. venue where students are mDietary an Generation onthe Soca Wor Profession ant Genera Trin Soci Wk ration assigned to gain bexin- ring experiences in social work practice. Oftentimes, it is also referred to as the ageney-placement, These ‘agencies maybe govern rent oF non-government. Agency supervisor. Refers toa staff member from the agency placement, most often @ registered social worker responsible to pro- vide guidance and super- vision to the students in ‘heir task performance Agelsm. Involves the har boring of negative images of and attitude towards people simply because they are older. Analysis, 1s process ‘of examining and eva- Iuating relevant informa- tion, breaking a complex topic or substance into smaller parte to gain a better understanding of it land select the best course 121 uf action from among. various alternatives. ‘Anti-Social Behavior. Acts ‘that is hostile, detrimen- tal to others and contrary to social expectations. ‘Assessment. Involves. the investigation & determi- nation of variables affec- ting an identified problem for issue as viewed from perspectives. It refers to gathering relevant infor mation about a problem 0 decisions can be made ‘about potential solutions. ‘Aspiration. A strong longing! of the client to achieve a particular goal for objective in the future usually to improve a par- ticular situation at pre- sent. Attempted Homicide. ‘This is crime that is un- essful in killing one sruman being, Behavior Modification. ‘The process. of positively ‘changing behavior that is generally applied to lie such as conditioning and reinforcement to teach simple skills or alter un- desirable behavior. Benefit. Is anything a client receives through a social ‘welfare program. Block Placement Model Refers to a model for the professional training of students which starts fon the last year of the four-year BSSW program during which the students do not-anymore take any other academic subject but instead report to the agency for a fall 0-45 131 hours per week, Bureaucracy. Is a compo- nent of formal organiza- Case Coordinator. A “case ‘manager” who synchroni- , and oversees services to make sure the client gets what he needs. Case Management. The process of organizing, co- ceding sel formal land” Informal supports ‘and activities designed to ‘optimize the functioning and well-being of people ‘with multiple needs?Dietary an Genera tomaton ane Soil Work Protesson and Paci Book! General Terms inci Work Practice Consultant. A person with which person faces an specialized knowledge and obstacle to important life experience towhomothers goals that are, for a time, (Moxley, 1989, p.21), mont. Refers to. planned Catharsis. The purging or action to address the com- the discharge of pent-up mon concerns of people emotions so as to res Who share a geographic J {ur to for information, insurmountable by means inthe aleraibntaymr weal, cultural "and He andadvice of customary method of Consultation. The act of problem solving. (The toms or the permanent re- philosophical solidarity or Lief of the condition. ‘essential social, economic, CenterforGirls. Archabili- and spiritual relations. tation center for sexually Conflict Gangs. Extremely abused girls that provides turf oriented and will en- temporary shelter, reha- gage in violent battle with Dilitative program and individuals or rival groups seeking help from some- Social Worker's Role in one with expertise in a Shock-Trauuma Units, So- subject to devise a plan cial Work Journal. March or solve a problem. It to April 1987. Vol. 32, No, usually involves a col- 2, p. 312), It results when league, administrator, ex- client's coping mechanism ert or other Who has the fil to resolve the problem. services, managed and that invade their neigh- J Pet oF o rol sperited by DSWD Re- _borhood or commit acts J QPDTERTNG competence Cxitloa! Thinking. [8 the yal Offices, they consider insulting or J °F experience, ability to think clearly anc Ceaieteess lect °° | coping strategies. A mea- rationally. It includes the cal principle that workers Conflict of Interest. Is a ‘sure utilized by the client ability to engage in re- ShoUld'na\ share informa clash between the respon. J ‘2 Be ble to maintain ective and independent on provided by a cient sibilies of the profes. J one® equilbrium aera thinking ‘abuse. Cultural-Anthropological ‘or about a client unless sional role and the poten- J Sbuse dai far Beteoal ei Counselor. A person who View, Sees community as luke 4 form of social ving in- sn todo so, Consciousness. Raising interven : . Committee. A group of the process of facilitating | {28 concerning social, volving attitudes, norms, aaa cdclegaier ceca poticc underctanding or | emotional or behavioral customs and behavior. Sider, investigate, take ac- Social sue with personal J iS8Ue®. 10.” individuals, Cultural Competen tion on, or report on some implications when there J {mlles, groups and.com- Is defined as “a_set_of matter was litle grasp of thet J munities, congruent behaviors’, at- Community Develop- issue before. ala. An. occurrence in 4 (81iccnary and Genera! irfermaton on th Socal Work Profession an Practice Book Genera Terms in Sail Work Precio come together in a system, ‘agency of among. profes sionals and enable that system, agency or those professionals toworkeffec- tively in cross-cultural si- tuations". culture. It is the accumu: lation of customs, values land artifacts shared by people; a human made part of the environment (Cooner 1994: 231), Culture of Poverty. It is a situation that ‘exists whereby _people (61 Data Analysis. Is the pro- mation ean be extracted fo push certain conclu sions or agenda. Its im- portant to pay attention ‘when data analysis pre- Sented, and to think it cally about the data and the conclusion which were drawn for datas funda- rental to understanding twat data does and does hot contain Deductive Reasoning. Its Teasoning from the general theory 0s ease. If fe a basic form of valid reasoning where fone starts from some general law and applies it to a particular instance. In deductive reasoning, if something is true of a class of things in general, itis also true for all mem- bes (class Demography. The statisti- eal study of population- birthrates, morbidity, mobility, growth patterns and changes. of various population traits. In this view community consists of people and their aggre- gate characteristics, Developmental Perspei tives. Seeks to identify social interventions. that have a positive impact on economic development. Sustainability involves *development that meets the current needs of the present generation w/out Jeopardizing the ability of future generation to meet their needs.” (Mary. 2008, p32) Developmental Social v1 Worker. Refers 10 help by enabling others to deliberately and wisely utilize his/her own poten- tials and capacities to the fallest, for his/her own welfare. Dignity & Worth of the person. Holding in. high esteem & appreciating individual value. Dysfunction. Refers to an clement or a process of society that may actually (oe ee net Tend to decrease in sta- bility Biligiblity. Is the condi- tion whereby people meet‘Dison and Gnas nfamaton othe Sci Work Prfssin and Practice Bok the designated criteria or requirementto_receive benefits Emotions. These are fee- lings such as fear, anger, sadness, joy and guilt fand they are richer, more ‘complex and more intense than attitudes, In addition to. their positivity/negs- tivity component, they ‘also possess a physiologi- ‘cal arousal component (ex When people are fear- ful, their hearts begin to pound, their respiration quickens and their facial expression changes). Employee Assistance Pro- grams (EAP#). Are ser vices provided by orga- nization that focuses on sworkers_mental health 1 and on adjustment prob- Tem that interfere with their work performance Empowerment. The “pro- cone of increasing per Sonal, interpersonal, oF political power so thet in- five can take action to improve thei life sitaa- tion.” (Gutierrez, 2001, p2io) Bngagement. Is the inital Peried when practitioners brient to the problem at ‘hand and begin to.estab- dish communication and relationship with others also addressing the prob- lem Braluation, Is the “process of determining whether & given change effort twas. worthwhile" (Kirst Ashman, 2012, Pi) nara Terme ini Family Relationship. The {interaction existing with- in the members of the family, maybe nuclear or extended and hasbeen classified as warm, loving and open characterized by caring parents, supportive to the needs and problems of the children, democratic jin decision-making and ‘maintains open commu- nications among family members. It can also be harsh, cold and closed characterized by hatred among family members, indifference to the needs and problems of the chil- dren, authoritative in de- cision making, and main- taine limited f not closed ‘communication among {amily members. a) jl Wor Pracce Family Environment ‘The atmosphere where the child or a youth lives with parents and sib- lings and the relationship between and among them and their interaction with fone another. Children in stable family environment are likely to experience positive, engaged paren- ting and to have positive developmental outcomes. Field Activities and Ex- periences. Refers to the ‘meaningful _ experiences ‘and activities of students while in practice which hhelp them grow as per- sons and as professionals. Examples are reflection sessions, trialogues, dia- ogues and the like. Field Instructor. Refers to f faculty member of s0- cial work department res ponsible to follow up stu- dents’ progress in terms of,‘itn nd Garr aormatin on the Sail Wor Profession an Practice Book | integrating theories into practice through reading ‘and checking records, in- dividual conferences, case presentations, visits or follow-ups, Field Practice. Refers to the field training of BSSW student in a social agency supervised by a trained ‘group of people, norms ly employed, whose job it fs to enforce the law. In. our society, for example, the main agency of formall social control is the police and the judiciary (courts), although the armed for ‘ees can, on occasions, be: ‘used to perform this role. social worker completing Foster Family Care, The) fat least one thousand (1000) hours. ‘Formal Social Control. 1s caitied out_by authorized ‘agents such as police off- cers, physicians, school administrators, mana: gers, etc. It is based ‘around the idea of formal, legal, norms (or laws) of behaviour. That is, rules of behaviour that are written down and, in s0- cieties such as our own, provision of Substitute! care with a family for a| planned temporary or ex: tended period when pa- rents legal guardians are) tunable to care for a child. that apply equally (0 Geographic-Spatial Pers- everyone. Where laws are involved, itis usual to find (19) Genera Terman Soil Work retin within which people are physically clustered. The concentration of indivi duals within this space provides the basis for de- when cultural, physical ‘or social barriers are en- countered which prevents ‘access to the various sys- tems of the society. fining a community. Hypothesis. Is a specula. Globalization. Is the “pro- ‘cess of global integration ‘in which diverse peoples, ‘economics, cultures and political processes are ‘increasingly subjected to international influ ences” (Khindulea, 2008; Midgley, 1997, p.X0. ‘ive statement about the relationship between two ‘or more factors known as variables, Indigent. In a general Handicap. Is loss or limi- tation-of opportunities to take part in the life of the community on an equal sense, one who is needy ‘and poor, or one who has insufficient property to furnish him neither a living nor anyone able to support him or to whom he is entitled to look for support level with others. It occurs Inductive Reasoning. myDeon and Gnara normation onthe Sci rt Profession en Prize Book | Reasoning Jainst principles. In induction one. starts from ob- served data and develop 4 generalization/s which explains the _relation- ship between. the objects ‘observed. Even if all of the premises are true in a statement, inductive reasoning allows for con- clusion to be false (Bx. Melchor is a grandfather. He is bald. Therefore, all grandfathers are bald”) ‘The conclusion does not follow togically from the statements Innovation. The initiation, development and applica” tion of new ideas. Intake Interview. Is. an initial interview used to ‘gather-data-about a cli- ‘ent which include. infor- ‘mation relevant and typi- cally gathered defining the by an intake worker or a counselor. Integrity. Refers to social workers’ promotion of hhigh practice standards where they should strive to maintain and enhance professional knowledge, values and ethics. 1's maintaining trustworthi- ness and sound adhe rence to moral ideals, cant limitations both in intellectual functioning and in adaptive behavior Teis used instead of men- tal retardation as recom: ‘mended by the American Association for the Scien- tife Study’ of Intellectual and Developmental Dis- ~ ability GASSAID). Institutional Perepec- tives. Views people's fir) ona Tams Soi We Paton needs as a normal part of life and that the society hhas a responsibility to support its members and provide needed benefits Leader. Is one who helps/ ‘and services, facilitates communities of Intervention. Is the plan- people, takes risks and ring and implementation envisions a better future of plan to solve the prob- for his group, encourages lem and achieve goals commitment and helps people move ahead along ‘path to accomplish a goal. Leadership. It is the art of {influencing people to get u ‘the necessary support ‘and cooperation in com- ‘munity affairs to maintain Jargon. I refers to the lan- solidarity among people. guage, especially the vo- It also means “doing the cabulary, peculiar to a right things.” particular trade, profes- Lecality development ion, or group. ‘Emphasizes "community Juvenescent, Is being change pursued optimally Piecaraeiemin aii i laisooga cea aaa: fal. tion of wide spectrum of people at the local com- ‘munity level” 3)Desay an General rtn ont Sci No resin nd Pacis Bonk Lower Class. Poor people ‘with few resources. who have difficulty finding ‘adequate employment to support their families. ‘Marginalization. Is the condition of having less power and being viewed f8_less_ important than others in the society be cause of belonging to some group or having some characteristic (e.g economic, ethnic, politi cal) (Barker, 2003). Morbidity. Refers to the disease. state of an indi- vvidual, or the incidence of illness in.a population. Mortality. Is the term used fir) for the number of_peo- ple who died (number of deaths) in a population. Needs Assessment. A sys- {tematic process for-deter- mining and addressing needs, or “gaps” between ‘current conditions and desired conditions or “wants”, The discrepancy between the current con- dition and wanted con: tion must be measured to appropriately. identify the need. A needs assess- ment is a part of pl ‘ning process, often for im- provement in individuals, organizations, or commu- nities, General Terin Sci Werk Prsce Non verbal communica tion. Is body. language and sounds that convey information about how a person feels without saying s0 in words. Normalization. The be- lief that every person, even those with the most, severe disabilities, “should have an educational and livingenvironmentas close to normal as possible” (Hallahan&Kauffman, 2000, p.5218). Objective Approach. Means having due _re- ‘gard-for-the known valid evidence; on being *un- biased, unprejudiced, de- tached, and impersonal Objectivity. ‘The charac- teristic of viewing things ay_they “really are” (Manheim 1977:10) Paradigm Shift. A pro- found change in the ‘thoughts, perceptions and values that form a par. eular vision of reality (Capra 1983:30), Personality Disorders. Long term patterns of behavior, emotions and ‘views of éelfand the world that strikingly diverge from cultural expecta tions, cause considerable stress, and result in prob- Jematic social interactions. ts]Ditonr ard ener ometn onthe Soi Wen Profession ar rate Book Physical Effects. These refer to the changes that are seen in any parts of the body of the individual; also refer to the way they carry themselves physi cally like the manner of dressing and grooming. Planned Change. Involves the development and im- plementation of a strategy for improving or altering some specified condition, pattern of behavior, or set “effort to improve a client's social functioning or well- _being.”(Sheafor & Hore 2012, p88). It is.a process hereby social workers engage a client, assess issues, identify strengths ‘and problems, establish a plan of action, implement the plan, evaluate its effects, and finally termi- nate the process, Policies, Are rules that tell us which actions among f multitude of actions we may take and which we may not. Policies guide the worker's work. and decisions. Policy Practice. Eiforts to change policies in legisla ive, agency and snlly-seitings, whether by establishing new policies, improving existing ones, or defeating the poliy ini- tiatives of other people Poverty. A condition where people's basic needs like food, clothing, and shelter are not being met. Problem, Any difficulty ex- perienced by. the. client that causes tension and worries. This may ham- per the normal social functioning of the person especially if not given appropriate action, Problem Solving. Essen- tially refers to the same (161 Genera Tema Sai Wak Prarie process of planned change. The ultimate. goal is to overcome obstacles ‘and-find-» solution-that beat resolves_a_problem. Initially introduced by s0- cial worker pioneer Helen. Harris Perlman in(1957. Payehosocial Approach. ‘An intervention. inthe case management pro- ‘cess which looks at a client and his/her prob- Jem in relation to his/her ‘environment. The client's situation is analyzed, un- derstood from his/her psychological and. social perspective. Public Assistance. Is a program that help fami- lies with low income or the homeless usually coming from the government or private agencies provide resources to people who ‘can't support themselves. ‘Qualitative. Refers to des: criptions or distinctions based on some quality or characteristic rather on some quantity or mea sured value. Qualitative Analysis. This is the process of inter- preting data collected during the course of qua- Iitative research, Quantitative. Refers to a ‘ype of information that is based in quantity or quantifiable data, Quantitative Research. Refers to the systematic empirical investigation of social phenomena via ‘statistical, mathematical ‘or computational tech~ niques, a7Dison and Gna nomatn othe Soci Wer rtesson and rte Book Relative Poverty. It views poverty as -socillyde- fined and dependent_on social. contest, hence rela- tive poverty is a measure ‘of income inequality. This relative poverty measures are used as official pover ty rates in several deve loped countries. As such these poverty statistics ‘measure inequality rather than material deprivation or hardship. Religion. Formal. institu: tional context of spiritual beliefs and practices (Canda 1989:39). Residual Perspective. CConcelves. social welfare ‘a8 focusing. on problem land gaps; its temporary offered during emergency situations and withdrawn, when regular social. sys-- tem is again working properly. Resilience. Its the capaci ty to withstand stress and catastrophe recognizing man's capability to over- ‘come risk and adversity Individuals and commu- nities are able to rebuild their lives even after de- vastating tragedies. Respite Care. Is supervi- sion of a child given by “another caregiver, _allo- ‘wing the parent an inter val of relief from the res- ponsibility of taking care of the child. Retirement Benefits. Is a complex set of factors in- cluding lifetime average earnings, age. of retire ‘ment, and inflation fac tors determine the cash benefits that a person re- ceives. (Whiteman, 2001). Retreatist Gangs. Primary 118) Gena Tom in Soil Wek Pate aim is to get ‘loaded’ or “high® on various mind ~ altering substance and thereby withdraw from the stresses of real life Right to Development. First it refers to the power and ‘the right of people to improve the quality of their life, and secondly, to achieve sustainable development thereby pre- serving their sources of production for enjoyment and ‘utilization of future generations. Risk Factors. Involve “atresaful life events or ~ environmental ‘conditions that increase ‘the vulnerability (defence Tessness or helplessness) of individuals’ or other systems. Selectivity. The idea that sacial__selfare_benefits shouldbe ‘restricted to those who can demons- trate_need through eli sibility criteria’ (Segal & Bruzy, 1998, p.13). Social Action. A coordinat ‘ed effort to advocate for change in a social institu- tion to benefit a specific population, solve a social problem, correct unt ress or enhance people's ‘well-being, Social Action Group. A group formed to engage in some planned change effort to modify or improve aspects of their micro so- cial or physical environ- ment (Fatout & Rose; Toseland & Rivas, 2001). Social Classes. Categories U9)Desnary an area formaton onthe Socal Work Proesion and Prati Book 1 Gonna! Ts in Soh Work rate “of people with similar informal, formal or semi J Social Interventions. Are planned _process_en- shares of the things that formal interventions provided to listing the support and fare valued in a society Social Effects. The effect J individuals, families and active involvement of all (Coleman&cressey, 1999, of an actvity/situation J groups in order to assist sectors within a_society 7). They rank close to on the social fabric of the ff them with their needs and “that_can_play_a_role_in fone another in proper- community andwel-being ff issues. Interventions are achieving _an_agreed_so- ty (wealth), power, and of the individuals and lJ intended to aid clients in cial objective, conversing prestige. This is viewed families. This also per-lJ alleviating problems im- the interest and actions in terms of social stratii-. tains tothe reaction of the J peding their well-being. of institutions, groups cation in social sciences client which relate specif: J The interventions used by and communities. Tt mo- leading to upper, middle cally to their interaction f social workers are those bilizes human and mate- ‘and lower classes. How- and or relationship with that are identified as po- ial resources, rooting it ever, there is basically two people in general tentially helpful on the ba- in society and communi- such groups that are the Social Environment. In- sis of the social worker's ty’s conscience to ensure lites and the powerless. cludes the conditions, | ongoingassessment ofthe sustainability (Valdecana, Social Control. Refers circumstances, and inter: J client. Ofelia, 1994). ‘generally to societal and actions that encompass J Social Justice. Uphol- Social Services. Include politial_mechanisms. or _human beings. ‘ding.the condition that the tasks that social work Processes that regulate Socialinsurance. Agovern- J in a perfect world all citi- practitioners and other indivi ‘be- ment program providing J zens would have identical —_helping professionals per- hhaviouriman_ attempt benefits related to cer- J “Tights.-pmotection, oppor- form with the goal of im- to gain conformity and tain designated risks to | tunities, obligations, and proving people's health, compliance to the rules working people; these i social_bencfits’, regard- enhancing their quality of fof society. They are put clude old age, disability, | less of their backgrounds life, increasing self-sufh- {into place to ensure con- death of a breadwinner, | and membership in di- ciency, “preventing de- formity to rules, laws or unemployment and work: | verse groups (Barker, pendency’, strengthening by defining boundaries. It related injury and sick- J} 2003, p. 404-405). family relationships and ccan be internal, external, ness. Social Mobilization. It is helping people and larger (29) iyDeora en systems. improve their functioning in the social environment. (Barker, 1999b, p.453) Social Services Agency. Is a coordinated system of staff units and process ‘Tends toivide the popu- lation into categories. of social position based on ‘the extent to which people hhas access to the goods and services the society values; can be described as socially-patterned in- equality to things that ‘a culture defines as prerogatives wi community. The study of 122) 5 femtion onthe Sci Work Pfs an Prize Bok | community becomes thé ‘examination of power or class position including ‘who rules, by what means, ‘and how positions of do- minance and subordina- tion change over time. Social Welfare Policies. ‘Are laws and regulations that govern which social welfare program exist, what categories of clients are served, and who qual fes fora given program. It also set standards regar- ding the type of services to be provided and the ‘qualification of the service provider. Social Work Field Instruc- ‘ton Course. Refers to the practicum of social work students who are in their fourth year where they are given the learning oppor- ‘tunities to integrate social work theories into prac toe through agency-based Genera Teme nS Wok Pace Seldwork settings. Street Educator. A person Socialization Treatment Groups. Help participants {improve interpersonal be- havior, communication, ‘and social slalls so that they might better fit into their social environment. Spirituality. The general ‘human experience of de- veloping a sense of mea ning, purpose and mor lity. who works directly with clients on the streets 9- pecially children on the streets or in warm shel: ters, in drop-in centers, or {in vocational training cen- tera, Street educator will not make decisions for the client but will only coun- sel them helping them to look for solutions to their ‘own problems. Stereotype. Is afixed men- Supervision. Is generally an tal_ picture of a person ‘based on some attribute (oF attributes without con- ideration or appreciation of individual differences. Stereotypes are related to prejudice - a nega- tive_opinion_or_prejuds- ‘ment about an individual, ‘soup oF issue that is not (23) ‘ongoing process within an organization. It is under- taken by someone desig- nated asa supervisor who has responsibility for overseeing a supervisee's work.Dietary an Genera nomaton ante Sci Work Profession ae Practice Book ‘Target System. Is the tar- ‘get of change in the system that social workers need ‘change or influence purpose ‘Transformational Leade ship. Is to transform peo- pple and organization in a literal sense ~ to change them in mind arid heart; enlarge vision, insight and understanding; clarify purpose; make behaviour ‘congruent with beliefs, principles, or values; and bring about changes that fare permanent, sell:per- petuating: and momen- als". (Pincus & Min: hhan, 1978, p. $8). Targets ‘of change’ maybe indivi- dual clients, families, for- ‘mal groups, administra: tion or policy makers. tum building" (Stephen ‘Termination. “The end of Covey, 1992) the professional social Treatment Conference. Wworker-client relation- A group that meet to es ship" (Kirst-Ashman & tablish, monitor, and co- Hull, 1999, p.924). The worker-client relationship eventually must come to an end, ‘Team. A group of two or ‘more people gathered to gether to work collabora- tively and interdependent- ly to achieve a designated ordinate service plans on behalf of a client system (Patout & Rose, 1995; ‘Toseland & Rivas, 2001) (24) Genera Terms in Sail Werk Practice -gree.to which a measure ‘or-scale truly reflects the ‘phenomenon under study. Value. It is something or someone who is con- sidered good or worthy and is desirable or useful It is something considered worthy by a person or a group. It can be a one word standard of conduct (respect) or a policy every fone in an organization adheres to and believe in ‘Working Class. People in- clude"bluieco workers and lower-level service workers" who, on the whole, receive less prestige and have less Universality. The idea that social welfare benefits should be equally. avai able "to all members of society regardless of their income or means” (Segal & Bruzy, 1998, p.13). Vague. Thinking or com- municating in an unfo- cused of imprecise way, stated in indefinite terms; not clearly defined. Validation. ut is the act of validating; finding or tes- ‘ing the wruthofsomething. Validity. Refers to the de- (25)jon nd Practice Book Dison ard Goer ifort nth Sol Work Pro eccetliilimerszces ther elle, who, ichconatatal the classes above them quently with one another, . Ree ee teem «© MEDICAL/CLINIGAL TERMS: cinder aherancecned collective identity that fualiid pockrard capreseed through a gan name, and ‘yplealy ex prose, that entity by opting certain aymboa and/or aiming control Youth Gang. A group of over certain “turf (uf ‘two. Symptoms emerge people composed mainly 1993, p.4), Abandonment. Failure to before seven years of age. of adolescents and young ‘continue the treatment ADHD impacts school- that is necessary to be aged children and results siven to the patient, in restlessness, acting Abrasion, The top layer of impulsively, and lack of ‘skin is removed, with litle focus which impairs their blood loss. Other names ability to lea properly. ofan abrasion are scrape, Admission. A patient who road rash, and rugburn. is formally accepted by @ Attention Deficit-Hyper- _hospital/area health ser- activity isorder(ADED). vice for treatment as an Is @ mental disorder and in-patient. neurobehavioral disorder Admitting Diagnosis, The characterized by either condition stated onthe significant difficulties of entry to the health care it ianDietary and Genera rman on th Soe Werk Proaeion nd Precice Book facility as the reason for hospitalization ‘Admitting Physician. A physician who has the primary responsibility for ‘patient's care. Alzheimer's disease. Is a ‘common type of dementia ‘ofunknown origin, charac- terized by mental decline and usually occurring in late middle age Amputation. The cutting or tearing off of a body part, Anatomy. The science which deals with the des- cription of the etructure of cells, tissues, organs and organisms. ‘Anorexia Nervosa. Starves, self, person refuses to maintain at least eighty percent (80%) of normal ‘weight, sees self as never thin enough. Anaiety Disorder. Is per- tent or periodic state of 28) and dread of future. ‘Autism. Acondition charac- terized by having intense inner_directedness and] problems, demonstrating, repetitive sel-stimulating) jovements and expe riencing severe sens. distortion such as feel intense pain when lightl touched, AIDS (Acquired Immuno deficiency Syndrome). ‘Caused by Human Imm. nodeficiency Virus (HIV), fa disease that destroys the body’s immune sys- tem, Infected people thus sradually become increa- singly vulnerable to op- portunistic diseases. Avian Influenza. Known, informally as avian flu or bird flu — refers to “in flueriza caused by viruses: Meteo Toms adapted to birds Avulsion. A piece of skin torn loose and hanging from the body. Battered Women’s Syn- drome, Considered to be f form of Post-Traumatic ‘Sites Recognized psy- chological condition that is used to describe some- fone who has been the vie- tim_of consistent and/or severe domestic violence Bipolar Disorder. Mood ‘swings (manic depres: sive). It is a major men- tal problem that causes a person to swing from mi nia to depression. Bulimia Nervosa. Is an ill- ness in which a person binges on food or has regular episodes of over- eating and feels a loss of control. The person then uses different methods such as vomiting oF abu- sing laxatives ~ to prevent ‘weight gain, Cardiac Arrest. Is when there is tremendous heart failure (Heart Attack) Cardiopulmonary Resus- citation (CPR), The act of providing rescue breaths and chest compressions for f victim in cardiac arrest. Census. A daily listing ofall patient activities (admis- sions, discharge, tran (91Dison end Gena nfomaton aha Scar Profession ad Paco Book fers and deaths) within hospital. Cerebral Palsy. A dis- ‘ability involving problems in muscular control and coordination resulting from damage to the brain before it_has matured, that i, before or during birth, Chemotherapy. Is the treatment of cancer with one or more cytotoxic antineoplastic drugs (che- ‘motherapeutic agents) ‘88 part of a standardized regimen. The main pur pose of chemotherapy {kill cancer ceils, Chronie Mines. Long du- tation, not acute, ‘Confidentiality. Privacy of should access to informa- tion especially that rela- ting to personal. affairs ‘and those held in data Danke, Congenital, Relating to ‘@ condition that is pre- sent at birth, asa result of either heredity or environ- ‘mental influences Congestive Heart Failure. Retention of salt and wa- ter due to impaired heart function. Symptoms in- clude shortness of breath, swelling of the legs and feet, and poor circulation of blood. Consent. Permission from ‘a patient to allow the treatment or any proce- dure that will be provided to him/her, Contamination. The pro- ‘cess by which something, is rendered. unclean. of: unsterile (30) Meal Tes Dead on Arrival (DOA) leesness, worthlessnet decreased capacity for decision making and pre- ‘occupation with thoughts of suicide and death, Diagnosis ofa patient who Developmental Delay. arrives at the ER with- ‘out cardiopulmonary and brain functions, Dementia. Is defined as severe memory impair- ment and impairment in other cognitive. fanc- tions like planning, judge- ‘ment, problem solving or language. It is a state in which people develop mu- ‘merous, cognitive prob- lems due to some medical problem. Depressive Disorder. Per- son who feels unhappy, low in spirit, lack of in- Diabet terest “in “daily activities, inability to experience pleasure, pessimism, sig- nificant weight loss, in- somnia, low energy, hope- fe) ‘A condition of infant or young child who. is not ‘achieving new skills in the ‘typical time frame and/ ‘or is exhibiting behav- fora that are not appro- priate for her/his age. Some children are de- velopmentally-delayed ‘eventually have a specific Giagnosis of a particular developmental disability, while other children with delays catch up to their typically developing peers (Coleman, 1993) Mellitus. A ‘chronic disease charac- terized by inability to burn ‘up the sugars which have been ingested. tis caused. ‘by insufficient productionDiconary ard Genera iors nh Sosa Werk Prfesin and Practice Book Medistia Tams of insulin by the pancreas. isis, A word or phrase used by a physi- ‘cian to identify a disease from which an individual patient suffers or a condi- tion for which the patient needs, seeks, or receives ‘medical care, Dialysis. A medical process that is used when a per- ‘son's kidney are damaged and can no longer filter toxins from. the blood. ‘The function of the kid- ney is to purify the body the time. of discharge. In ‘cases of death, the dis- charge diagnosis will usually be the immediate cause of death and any underlying cause by removing waste and Emergency Admission. An. excess fluid. Dialysis is a ‘treatment used for people Whose kidney do not work properly. Disability. It means a phy- sical or mental. impair- limits one or more. psy. chological, physiological, anatomical function or ‘activities ofthe individual, [aay necessitated by_accident or a_medi- rough the Emergency Department, ment that substantially Emergency Room (BR). ‘The section of the hospi- tal that provides: initial ‘treatment to patients. in response to an increased need which maybe life threatening and requiring immediate action, Emergency Patient. Refers to an immediate threat duals’ conscious state that ‘may involve unconseious- ness, convulsive motor activity or sensory distor- tions, to the patient’s airway, ER Death, Diagnosis of a breathing and circulation Endemic. san. infec. ‘ious disease that occurs frequentiy_in_a_apecife ‘seographical locale, The disease often occurs. in cycles. Epidemic. ts defined as a large-scale_occurzence_of a disease attacking a large ‘numberof individuals within. locality, commu nity.or region at the same Btlology. The study of th ime. The disease spreads from person to person in area where the disease is Epilepsy: Commonly re- ferred to as seizure dis- order and has an abrupt change in an indivi- [33] Patient who is not yet ad- mitted occurring at the ER. These include pa- tients who arrived at the ER with no detectable vi- tal signs (HR (Heart Rate), RR (Respiratory Rate), and BP (Blood Pressure) but revived by initial re- suscitative measures, but eventually died, regard- less of the time of stay. of the 086.rn othe Sv Wort Profession a Fracce Bok Good Samaritan Law. Laws that encourage indi- ‘viduals to voluntarily help fn injured or stiddenly ill, First Aid. Is the immediate person by minimizing the. care given to an injured or liability for errors made suddenly ill person. First while rendering emergen- ‘id does not tale the place ey care in good faith. ‘of proper medical care It consists only of provi ding temporary assistance until competent medi cel care, if needed, is ob- tained or until the chance H for recovery without medi- cal care is assured. Hearing Impairment. A general concept indi- cating a hearing loss that ‘can range from mild to ex- tremely severe. G Hospital, An establishment with an organized medi- cal staff with permanent Gestation. Pregnancy or facilities that include in- ‘maternal condition of patient beds, and medical having developing fetus in services, including con- the Body. tinuous. nursing services Ba Mec! Tems that provide diagnosis and treatment for patients, Hospital Autopsy. Post ‘mortem examination per- formed by @ hospital pa- thologist or a physician of the medical staff whom the responsibility has been delegated, wherever performed, on the body of the person who has, at some time, been a hospi- tal patient. Hospital Bed. A bed regu- larly maintained in a hos- pital for the patient’ use. Hospital Statistical R port. Are numerical facts about hospital, which breakdown data into concise and useful form that include the leading causes of morbidity and mortality. It is used for the comparison of past and present performance of the hospital, Impulse Control Disease. Is @ condition in which people are unable to resist the temptation to partici pate in some activity that causes them or others harm or regret. Incision. A cut with smooth sedges. Such as knife or paper cut, Infeotion. An invasion of the body tissue by micro- organisms. Informed Consent. It in- volves a person's right to receive adequate infor mation about “the con- sequences and risks of fa medical procedure” or treatment process, eva- luates alternatives, and gives permission for a pro- cedure before it begun (Pietsch & Braun, 1999) 135]Dion and General Ifo onthe Socal Wor Profession and Practice Book In-Patient. Is a patient ‘who is admitted to a he pital for treatment that requires at least one over- night stay. In-Patient Discharge. The termination of a period of in-patient hospitalization through the formal re- Tease of the in-patient by the hospital Isolation . The separation ‘of persons with communi- cable diseases from other persons so that either di- rect/indireet transmis- sion to susceptible per sons is prevented, Intensive Care Unit (ICU) ‘Aseparate area in the hos- pital where extremely sick patients are cared for. Itis “equipped with life support apparatus. Laceration. Cut skin with {jagged edges. This type of Wound is usually caused by a forceful tearing away of skin tissue. Medical Record, It is a collection of recorded facts. concerning a particular ppatient. The record con- tains sufficient informa- ‘tion to identity the patient clearly, to justify diagno- sis and treatment, and to document the results accurately, (36) MesioVCiia Toms Mental Health. The state of relative psychological ‘and emotional well-being whereby an individual ean make acceptable rational decision, cope adequately with personal and exter~ nal stresses, and main- tain satisfactory adjust- ment to society. Mental Ines. Is any of wide range of psychologi- cal, emotional, or cogni- tive disorders that impair person's ability to func- tion effectively MMHR. Phil health re- quirements for MONTHLY MANDATORY HOSPITAL REPORT for yearly Hospi- tal accreditation, ‘Mood Disorder. Is mental disorder involving extreme disturbances in a person ‘mood that™is his or her ‘emotional state. Multiple Sclerosis. A disease of the brain tissue such as that the myelin sheath ~ the fatty material wrapped around and insulating the part of nerve cells ~ deteriorates ‘thereby.causing varying degrees of muscular dys- Sactiat ipacalzaiay end muscle tremors (ational Health Insurance. ‘A (publicly funded _prog- sam that would expand “the current system of _health-care_provision_to ‘Provide some level of cove- “Tage 1o_everyone regard. ess of their ability to pay. Negligence. Deviation from the accepted standard of care resulting in further ty‘itonary nd General frmation othe Soci Wok Presi and Fracice Bok {njury'to the patient. ‘mors, The root word comes, Neurosis, A mental dis- from Greek “onkos", a ‘order characterized by mass. It deals with cancer feelings of anxiety ob- related diseases, seasional thoughts, com- Orthopedic Problems. In- pulsive acts and physical volve difficulties in the ) Complaints without objec- functioning of muscles, tive evidence of disease”. bones, and_joints. (De Nosocomial Infection. Ac weaver, 1995, p.714). quired while a patient is in Outpatient, A patient who the hospital comes to the hospital for Nursing Homes. Are resi- consultation and/or treat- ‘ential centers that pro- ment but does net occupy, fide extended raxin- bed. tenance and _ personal nursing care for_people ‘who can't adequately take care of themselves. Pandemic. An epidemic “disease which is extreme- ly widespread involving an entire. county. or.con Oncology. 1s a branch of | tinent. (Ex: bird's fu and ‘medicine dealing with FMD). Mesical Cine! ems Personal _ Protective Equipment (PPE). Equip- ment such as medical exam gloves, scrub suit, ete, to block the entry of ‘an organism into the body. Phil health Bench book. Self assessment tool re- quired for accreditation, it contain core indicators. Pneumonia. An acute or chronic disease marked by {inflammation of the lungs ‘and caused by viruses, bacteria, or other micro- organisms and sometimes by physical and chemical irritants, person continues to ex: perience some traumatic event like a bloody battle or asexual assault Paychiatrist. A medical doctor with additional training in Psychiatry, which of course focuses on ‘mental health treatment. Puberty. Period after child hhood where individual de- ‘velop adult sexual charac- teristics and functions Puneture. Injury from a sharp, pointed object. Rape Trauma Syndrome (RTS). A form of psy chological trauma expe rienced by a rape victim ‘that consist of disrup- tions to normal physical, ‘emotional, cognitive, be- hhavioral, and interper- sonal characteristics, Rheumatoid Arthritis. ‘A chronic condition in ‘which a person's immune system attacks the joints, (39)ison and Generel formation nthe Social Werk Profession nd rece Book Modal Chicat Toms ‘delusions - unurual be- Mf) stroke. “Blockage _or liefe not based on reality Ml hemorshage of a. blood deterioration ‘which often contradict the esse leading tothe brain, evidence causing an inadequate smuddled thoughts based J} oxygen supply and often ‘Treatment con the hallucinations or JJ long-term impairment of Help members dechusions sensation, movement, or with serious Psychological «changes in behavior functioning” (Nicholas, and_Emotional_problem Doctore offen describe Ml 1999, p.1295) Bone Seteheviore schizophrenia as a psy) Support Treatment chotie ness. This means Groups. Members share ARS, Is the virus thet sometimes a person may common issues or prob- ‘causes severe acute respi not be able to distinguish’ lems and meet on an on- Sato syndrome (SARS) their own thoughts andl) going basis to. cope with the out- ideas from reality. stress, give_each other Vj ; Schizotypal. Difficulty in I] suggestions, provide en- Schizoid. Disconnect from forming close relation-M]couragem interpersonal relation- ships. information ‘Visual Impairment. Difi- ships, limited capacity to Spinal Cord Injury. Da“ nish Vs caulty in perception com- express emotions. rage to the spinal cord, WJ (Barker, 19990). ppared tothe norm that Sciisephrenia, A long often due to accidents orl Swelling. Caused by blee- is experienced through ‘erm mental health condi- incidents of violence, re- Ml dinghappens rapidly after sight. tion that causes a range sulting in the loss of rmus~J_ a fracture. fof diferent psychological cular control and inability symptoms, including: to experience sensation, te ‘hallucinations - hearing Sporadic. Adiseaseinwhich, cof sceing things that do only in occasional cases not exist ‘occur (ex: leptospirosis). [ay tayTERMS COMMONLY USED IN COURT ‘Abuse. The improper ‘usage or treatment for a ‘bad purpose, often to un- fairly or improperly gain benefit, physical or ver~ bal maltreatment, injury, sexual assault, viola” tion, unjust practices, etc. Abuse then can come in many different forms. Abstract of Judgment. An ‘official copy of the con- tents ofa civil judgment, Abstract of Conviction. ‘An official copy of the con- tion is made; one who is) ‘charged with a crime ‘Acts of Lasciviousness. ‘An act that constitute until another date; may’ (zy “Tams Conmony Ueda Court with oF without a date. If the court allows this, the delay is referred to as an adjournment. Adoption. The legal act of taking ina child born to other parents and formal- ly making that chil ful member ofthe family Address for Service. The address given by a party ‘where documents can be served on them by hand, post or some other form of electronic communica. tion. Admissible. Refers 10 the cvidence considered. in determining. 2 ber decided in any judi- cial proceedings. It is per- tinent and proper to be considered in reaching @ decision, Advance” ™ Directives. Written, witnessed, and signed” instructions. re- garding what individuals wish to have done in the event that they are un- able to. make | decisions (McLaughlin 4 Braun, 1999; Yeo. & Hikoyeda, 2002} Affidavit. A written sworn of fat_volun- {also called lunder an oath oF affirma- tion administered by a person authorized to do s0 by law. Such statement is witnessed as to the au thenticity of the affiant’s signature by @ taker of oaths, such as a notary public or commissioner of oath, Affidavit of Service. An Affidavit which sets out the manner, time and place that a particular court document(s) was served upon a person; is usually fled with the ‘court as proof that a per- 18]esos and Genera rfamaton nth Socal Work Profession and Practice Book “Tas Conon Usdin Court on was served with a particular document(s) in ‘accordance with an order or rules of the court. ‘Agfiant. The person who ‘make and signs an alfida- vit, Aggravating Factor. A fact, ciated with a criminal fact that makes it more serious or injurious. ‘Agreement. A negotiated ‘and usually legally en- forceable understanding between two or more com- petent parties. ‘Alias. “Otherwise called,” indicating one was called by one or the other of two Allegation. When someone ‘accuses another person of having done something that is against the law. Alternative Attorney. A ‘person appointed to stand in the place of an attorney in the event of the deat or during the period of absence or legal incapacit of the attorney for whor the alternative attorney appointed, in the place of a guardiar fon the death or durit the period of absence ‘Amend. To change. Answer. A. pleading Which defendant in ci suit at law endeavors: resist the plaintiffs de: mand by stating facts ‘The defendant may deny the claims of the plaintiff ‘or agree to them, and may introduce new matter. Appealbond. A type of bond set by the court and filed by the appellant who had civil judgment entered against him to forestall issuance of execution un- tilthe cause can be passed ‘upon and disposed of by the superior court. ‘Appeal Book. A bound volume filed with an ap- peal court by the Appel- lant which contains all of the documents, affidavit evidence, orders, listing of exhibits fled, judgment land reasons for the deci- ‘sion that have been filed in the court from which the ‘appeal is made; may also be called an “Appellant's ‘or Respondent’s Record” ‘Appellant. The party who takes att appeal from one ‘court to another. Appellee. The party who must respond to the appellant, Applicant. The person ‘applying for a court order for a remedy or relief set ‘out in an application. ‘Application. A request of the court to make an or- der for the remedy or relief requested. ‘Arraignment. A proceeding in a criminal case where the accused is brought before the court to enter a plea to the crime with which he/she is charged. ‘The charge is read to the ‘accused and the accused ‘asked to plead guilty or not guilty ‘Azrest. When those in au- ‘thorities (e.g police) hold fa person in custody thin- king that the person has broken the law thus de- priving the person of his/ her liberty Arresting Officer. Includes any duly authorized per- ‘son making the arrest (4s)Deon and Gena nlometon ote Soci Wr Profession an Prctize Book “Tem Conon Usain out ‘Arson. The “malicious time and place designat isgivensomethinginaWill, dence of a debt with a ‘Durning of another's and submit him to the jus Best Interest of the Child. sum fixed as a penalty, property or sometimes, _risdiction of the court Refers tothe totality ofthe which contains a written one's own property as observe the requirement circumstances and con- agreement binding the fan attempt to collect in- surance” (Nicholas, 1999, P75) Bail Bond. Money given Assault. The act of attac- king another person with intent to inflict serious ‘harm oF kill the person, ‘Assets. Things an indivi- ‘dual owns, such as property, land, shares, jewelry’s, Balance of Probabiliti Ball, The release of a per ‘on from legal custody by fa written agreement that he shall appear at the (461 ditions most congenial to the survival, protection, and feelings of security ‘a court to ensure that the of the child and most en- defendant appears at his couraging to the child's her court date. He/SI physical, psychological may have to agree to cond] and emotional develop- ditions ike reporting the police, living at a cer tain place or having some: least detrimental available alternative for safeguar- lopment of the child Beyond ‘Reasonable ‘bal while accuse is still i Doubt. Level of proof police custody. for a magistrate or jury to decide whether person is guilty. Bill of Particulars. A writ- ten statement or ‘speci= fication of the details of the demand for which an action at law is brought: Bond. A certificate or evi- Level of proof needed civil law cases to deci to prove than ‘beyond rea: uy parties to pay the debt, conditioned, however, that the payment of the ‘penalty may be avoided by the performance of certain facts by one or more of the parties. ment. It also means the Bondsman. A professional ‘surety who has entered into a bond as surety ding the growth and deve Breach. ‘The breaking of violating of a law, right, oF duty, either by commis- needed in criminal cases Brief of Evidence. The ‘things that make up the polices case against a per son if have been charged with a erime. This can inelude the charge sheet, the informant’s state ‘ment, the eriminal record and other documents the police have.Diconary and Genera ntematon onthe Sci Wok Profession and race Book Bullying. Is @ repeated act Case Conference. A mee that involves a real or per- ceived imbalance of power with the more powerful individual or group at- tacking those who are le powerful, Bullying may consists. of three basic types of abuse - verbal, physical and emotional. It typically involves subtle Certified Copy. Copy of ‘methods of coercion such fas psychological manipu- lation. Burglary. The act of brea ‘king into house or other ‘building with the intent to ting of a judge and. the parties and/or their law- yers to ensure that proc ‘dures are followed for the cost-effective and timely determination of the cas and to explore the possi- bility of settlement of is- sues in the case. ‘a document on whi signature, This is a true and complete copy of the steal. Certiorari. An feel Case. Legal issues in the ‘court system, (48) may involve exaggeration Tee Conan se in Cout or manipulation of facts to present an untrue picture you to come to court to answer the charges. fof the targeted person. It Charge Sheet. A document is a form of defamation which can be a form of “ad hominem” argument. ‘Charge. This term is used {in two ways. Firstly, it is fan action one in autho- rity can take, When he/ ‘she charge you with’ an offence, this means they believe you have broken the law and are taking that lists all the offences that is being charged to a person or the prosecuting agency has charged the offender with. The charge sheet can have more than one offence if one in au- thority or prosecuting agency believed that the person did broke more than one law. you to court. Secondly, Child Abuse. Refers to the once he/she have charged you with committing an offence, the offence is also referred to as the charge (eg. you have come to inflicionofphysicalorpsy- chological injury, cruel- ty to, or neglect, sexual ‘abuse or exploitation of chil. court for a driving charge). Child Maltreatment. Is the Charge and Summons. ‘When one vin authority ‘charges you, this can also be referred to as charge ‘umbrella term for physi- cal abuse, sexual abuse, ‘emotional abuse, and neg- leet. and summons. The ‘sum- Child in Need of Servi- mons’ part of this means that the court is ordering, toy ‘ees. A child whose beha- vior, conduct, or conditionDion and Genera nomaton onthe Sci Work Profession and Practice Bok ‘eos Common eed in Cart poses a risk of harm to himself or another person. Child in Need of Super- ‘vision. A child who is habitually absent from ‘school or who abandons his family or guardian in ‘a manner that requires ‘coercion oF influence of any adult, syndicate or group, indulge in sexual intercourse oF lascivious ‘conduct, are deemed to be children exploited in pros- titution and other sexual abuse. intervention by the court Child Trafficking, Any per- to protect the child's wel- fare. Child Pornography: De- fined as “any representa- tion, by whatever means, of @ child engaged in real or simulated explicit sexual activities or any representation of the sexual parts of a child, the dominant charac teristic of which is depic- tion for a sexual purpose.” Child Prostitution and Other Sexual Abuse. ‘son who shall engage in trading and dealing with children including, but not limited to, the act of buying and eelling of @ child for money, or for any other consideration, or barter, shall suffer the. penalty of reclusfon tem- poral to rectusion perpet- ‘ua. The penalty shall be imposed in the maximum. period when the victim is under twelve (12) years of age. Children whether male or Children. Refers to person female, who for money, profit, or any other con- sideration or due to the {50} ‘below eighteen (18) years. ‘of age or those over but fare unable to fully take care of themselves or protect themselves from abuse, neglect, cruelty, exploitation or discrimi nation because of a physi cal or mental disability or condition. Children at Risk. Refers ‘to children who are wul- nerable to and at the risk of committing criminal offenses because of per- ‘sonal, family and social Childzen in Conflict with ‘the Law. Refers to a child ‘who is alleged as, accused of, or adjudged as, having ‘committed an offense un- of courts that works to- gether as a regional jus- tice system. These courts typically try cases and hear appeals from within the region where the court systems vary in scope and purpose, For the most part, circuits are no lon- ger applicable as it has been replaced by perma nent court systems. Civil Action. A case enforcement or protec tion of a right, or redress; or prevention of a wrong; every action other than a criminal action der Philippine laws. Civil Case. A court procee- Child Sexual Abuse. The fact of engaging an indi- vidual who is below 18 years of age in any act that would lead ta sexual arousal by a sexually ma- tured person. Cireuit Courts. Is a group ts) ding which usually in volves private disputes between persons/_ indi viduals /organizations/ governments. A civil case Degins when a person or entity (such as corpora: tion or the government),Dison an anual niomaon a he Scie Work rolessin and Prac Book called the plaintif, claims that another person or entity (the defendant) has failed to carry out legal duty owed to the plaintiff Both the plaintiff and de- fendant are also referred gal reasons (cause of ac- tion) that the filing party or parties. believes are ‘sufficient to support a claim against the party or parties against whom the claim is brought. to as parties. The plaintiff Complainant. Is a person ‘may ask the court to fulfil ‘the duty, or make com: pensation for the harm one, or both. Legal du- ties include respecting rights established under ‘the Constitution. Committal. The first part ‘of a court case where a Compromise. It is ‘magistrate decides if there is enough evidence for the case to go to trial Common Law. The law stated in the decisions of judges from early times to who makes a formal legal ‘complaint with the goal of having it addressed by law enforcement or a court of law. They are also known. as petitioners or plaintiffs, depending on the nature of the charges. where each party gives up part of their demands; a settlement of differences in which each side makes the present, Compromise Agreement. ‘Complaint. In legal ter- ‘minology, it is any legal formal document that sets out the facts and te- [52] Refers to legal document ‘usually used in dismissal ‘of employees. Payment is: ‘made in return for agree Terms Corman sen Cost ment to. certain condi- tions in which it must be agreed. Community-Based Programs. Refers to the programs provided in a community setting deve loped for purposes of in- tervention and diversion, ‘ag well as rehabilitation of the child in conflict with the law, for reintegration into his/her family and or community, Conditional Discharge. Where a person is found guilty, instead of convic~ ting the person, the judge grants a conditional dis- ‘charge and when the con- ditions are satisfied, the discharge becomes abso lute, Conditional Sentence. ‘Wheré asentence of im- prisonment of two years fr less is given, the judge may order that the sen- tence be served in the community subject to conditions. Confidentiality. A rule that says what you say to ‘someone will not be told to others unless you agree. Consecutive Sentence. Sentences for two or more offences that are served fone after the other or con- secutively, not at the same time as with concurrent Consent. When you agree to something. Consent Orders. An agree- ‘ment between the parties that is approved by the ‘court and then made into a court order. Contempt of Court. Any ‘act which is. calculated to embarrass, hinder, or ‘obstruct the court in ad- ministration of justice, ‘or which is calculated to lessen its authority or its 153)‘Ditoncy and Goer! eformatn onthe Soc Work Proesion an Practice Bok dignity. Contest. A court hearing in ‘which the parties disagree or where an accused per~ son pleads not guilty. Contest Mention. A court date if) you are plea~ ding not guilty where the magistrate finds out from you and the police what the main points of dis- agreement are and the umber of witnesses. Contested. A term used primarily in civil procee- dings to describe a pro- ‘ceeding where the respon- dent/defendant takes ‘steps. to “contest”. the claims of the plaintifty ‘applicant; aa opposed to ‘an “uncontested” matter ‘where the responding par- ty does not take any steps to oppose the claim of the plaintiff/applicant Contested Hearing. If you plead: not guilty at the mention hearing (the first hhearing), the magistrate adjourns your case to a contested hearing. At this hearing, the magistrate decides ifyou are guilty or not guilty. Continuance. A postpone- ‘ment of further procee- dings in a hearing, trial, for other judicial procee- ding until @ later date, Contract. A legally en- forceable agreement bet- ween two or more parties ‘made orally or in writing, Contravention. When a ‘court finds a party has not complied with (followed) a court order, that party is {n contravention of (or has breached) the order. Contributory Negligence. ‘A. legal’ doctrine which states that, ina civil action based on negligent ‘conduct, the plaintiff may not recover from the de 14) ‘Tas Cmmony Usdin Curt fendant ifthe plaintiff was also negligent Conviet. To find a person guilty of acriminal charge. Convietion. In a criminal ‘case, the determination by the court that an accused is guilty of an offence; the convietion date” is when the accused was found guilty or convicted of the offence by the court and the sentencing of the accused may take place at that time or be adjourned to. later date. Corruption. The misuse ‘of public office for public gain, This involves putting personal interests above those of the people and ideals he or she is pledged to serve. It comes in many forms, is often subjective ‘and cat range in severity. Cormiption can involve promises, threats or both Costs. Money for legal or other costs which a party may be ordered to pay in a Counsel, To advise or per- ‘suade a person; another term for lawyer as in “legal counsel”. Counterclaim. A claim presented by a defendant in opposition to deduc~ tion from the claim of the plaintiff whether or not it arises from the matters in question in plaints action. Court. Refers toa family court or, in places where there are no family courts, ‘any regional trial court. Court Administrator. An officer of the judicial system who performs ‘administrative and cleri- cal duties essential to the proper operation of the business of a court, such as tracking trial dates, keeping records, entering (55)Dison and Gane eomatnon te Soi Wark Profession nd Practice Book judgments and issuing process. Court Hearing. The date ‘and time when a case is scheduled to come before the court. Court List. A list at court ‘that shows the cases to be dealt with that day. Court Order. A document from the court that says you must do something. Its also a document that sets out your penalty if you are found guilty of breaking the law. Crime. Is the commission ‘of harmful offense or act ‘that is legally prohibited. Criminals. Include anyone ‘whom the courts convict of a crime. Criminal Case, Cases that is considered to be harm- ful to society as a whole. A person accused of a crime is generally charged in a formal accusation called fan indictment (for felonies or serious erimes) or in~ formation (for misdeme nore). The government, on behalf of the people pro- secutes the case Criminal Complaint. A. charge brought before a judicial officer having ju- risdiction, that a person. ‘named has committed a specified offense. Criminal Justice System. ‘The complex, integrated system of programs, poli- cies, laws, and agencies devoted to prevent and control crime. Criminal Record. A formal record that shows findings of guilt and convictions for previous offences. (Cross-claim. An expansion. ‘of the original action in which a claim is brought by a defendant against a third party not originally ‘sued by the plaintiff in the (56) Toms Common Usain Court same action or against a co-defendant or both con- cerning matters in ques tion in the original action. Cross-examination. The examination of a witness ‘upon a trial or hearing, o upon taking a deposition, by the party opposed to the one who put him on the witness stand to tes- tify Cruelty. Refer to any act ‘by word of deed which debases, degrades or de- means the intrinsic worth and dignity of a child as a human being. Discipline ‘administered by a par- cent or guardian to a child does not constitute era- elty provided it is reason able in manner and mod- crate in degree and does not cénstitute physical or psychological injury as defined herein. Custody. The detainment of a person by virtue of lawful process or autho- rity; actual imprisonment, Custody Case. In juvenile ‘and domestic relations distriet court or circuit ‘court, the type of procee- dings in which the court determines which parent, other adult or gency shall hhave physical control over, child Custodial Sentence. A ‘sentence that is served in prison or custody. Damages. Compensatory fact awarded by the court to person harmed by the unlawful or negligent act of another. 157)Dictoney an Gane oman on Suil Wet Poesson and Practice Bok Ts Corman sein Gout Dating Relationships. Re- fers to a situation wherein the parties. live as hus- band and wife without the benefit of marriage or are romantically involved over time and on continuing basis during the course of the relationship. nance or rule which Deed, Document that is punishable by imprison: igned sealed and deli- ment or fine or both. vered. Demurrer. A motion to di Decree. An order of the miss a case because court in an equity matter. _ claimislegally insufficient De Facto Spouse. A person Department. Shall ref who is living with anoth- to a duly authorized off fer as if they were @ mar cer ot social worker of th ried couple although they DSWD or similar agent are not. ‘of local government unit. Default. An omission of Deponent. Aperson maki that which ought to be an affidavit done. Failure to act or Deposition. The testimo failure of the defendant in of a witness taken uy civil case to appear and oral examination, contest the claim, notice to the adverse Defendant. In a civil case, ty, not in open court, but the person who is being in pursuance of a sued and in a criminal to take testimony ism (581 by the party wanting the deposition. ‘The adverse party has the right to attend and cross: examine. Testimony is re- ‘duced to writing and duly authenticated, and in- tended to be used in con- nection with the trial of an faction in court. These are used in circuit court Deprivation of Liberty, Refers to any form of de- tention or imprisonment, or to the placement of the child in conflict with the law in a public or private custodial setting, from which the child in conflict with the law ie not permit- ted to leave at will by ot- der of any or administra. tive authority, Deputy -Clerk A sub- ordinate employee to the clerk who is empo- wered to act in the place of the clerk in the official business of the court Detention. The holding of a person in custody or con- finement. Detinue. A form of action ‘which exists for the reco- very of personal property (or their alternative value) from one who acquired possession together with damages for the deten- tion. Direct Examination. The initial questioning of @ witness by the party who called the witness Discernment. The mental capacity to understand the difference between right and wrong and its consequences. Disclaim. To refuse or deny. Discovery. Procedures. by ‘which one party to a law- suit may obtain informa- tion relevant to’ the case ‘which is held or known by the other party. (59)ictrary and Genera nornaton on th Socal Work Pltesson nd Pacice Book ‘Discretion. When the ‘magistrate has a choice to do or not do something Dismissal. An order dis- posing of an action, suit, tc., without trial Disposition. Determina- tion of the final arrange- ‘ment or settlement of a case following judgment, Diversion. Refers to an alternative, _child-appro- Priate process of deter- mining the responsibility of a child in confict with the law on the basis of her/his social, economic, Psychological or educa tional background with- out resulting to formal court proceedings, Diversion Hearing. A hea- ring where the magistrate decides whether or not to grant diversion, Diversion Notice. A form person in authority can fill out to indicate they [60) docket sheets of a court, Docket Sheet. A form con- taining the docket. More than one docket sheet may be needed to contain one day's docket. agree with offender bei granted diversion, after he/she is found res- JJ] Donor. The person giving ponsible for an offen (donating) decision: ‘without resulting to fo ‘making power to another ‘mal court proceedings. person, Duty Lawyer. A lawyer who helps people who do not have their own law- yer on the day of their court hearing, They can give free legal advice and may be able to represent people in court, a - Economic Abuse. Refers to acts that make or attempt duled to be heard in court, whether or not the mat: ter is actually heard in court on a particular day. Docket Book. The chro. nological collection of ‘Tes Connanly Use in Court to make a woman finan- cially dependent, Elements. Facts or cir- cumstances that define & crime, each of which must be proven beyond reason: able doubt that will result to conviction. Eminent Domain. The ower. of the government to take private property for public use, with eom- pensation, The procedure for taking property under ‘eminent domain is called ‘condemnation, Enduring Power of Attor- ney (financial). doc ‘ment that allows a person to make financial and le- ‘gal decisions for another petson, ifthe other person ‘cannot make o is ineapa- ble of making decision for the self Enduring Power of Attor- ney (medical treatment), ‘A document that allows a [61]vealed Dignan Bereta rman one Soi Wk Poles a racic Book person to make decisions about other person. for medical treatment when the other person isnot able or capable of making decision for her/ himself decisions on behalf of other person when the ‘said person cannot make decision for the self. Enforcement Order. A written document made by a court to mace a par- ty oF person comply with (follow) an order. Enjoin. To order a person to cease performing a cer- as a remedy. Examples ‘equitable actions inclu divorce and injunctions, Equity cases are handl by circuit courts, Estate. The property own by a person, in his or her name, at the time of person's death. Estat and wills are handled circuit courts. ried to each other. tain act. Circuit courts Ex parte, A court hea- ‘may enjoin a person from acting in certain cases. Equity. A body of civil aw concerned with doing jus- ring that goes ahead and makes a decision even though the accused per son is not at court. tice where money is in- Exploitation. Means the! ‘adequate or inappropriate ta) hiring, employment, pers ams Comma Usain Court suasion, inducement, or coercion of a child to per~ {nto effect the judgment of the court in civil eases. form in obscene exhibi- Exploitation. Means the tions and indecent shows, whether live or in video o film, or to pose or act as ‘8 model in obscene pub- ications or pornographic ‘materials, or to sel or dis- tribute said materials. Eviction. The legal pro ‘cess by which one reco- vers land or a dwelling from another. Evidence, Allthe means by Expungem ‘which a matter of fact, the truth of which is submit- ted for investigation, can ‘establish or disproved the hiring, employment, per- suasion, inducement or ‘coercion of a child to per- form in obscene exhibi- tions and indecent shows, ‘whether live or in video oF firm, or to pose or act as ‘model in obscene pub- ations or pornographic ‘materials or to sell or dis- tribute said materials, tA. process by which a record or a portion thereof, is official- ly erased or removed after the defendant is not con- victed, Execute, To enforce a civil Extradition. The surrender judgment by seizure and ‘either transfer or liquida tion of the judgment deb- tor's asseté through post- trial judicial process. Execution of Judgment. ‘The process of putting 168) by one state to another of an individual accused or convicted of an offense outside its own territory fand within the territorial Jjurisdiction of the other, which, being competent‘Dictonar ard General infaxmaton on te Soci rk rfesson an Practice Bok to try and punish him, de- ‘mands the surrender, Exhibit. Physical evidence that has been. tendered of filed with the court, for example a document, ‘weapon, item of clothing, Factum. A bound volume filed with an appeal court Which is made up of four parts: (1) an introduction a8 to what the appeal is about; (2) a summary of the facts related to the Issues in the appeal; (3) a list of the issues in the appeal; and (4) an argu- ‘ment which contain state- ments setting out the law and facts to be discussed ‘with reference to the par ticular evidence. Family Consultant. A psy- chologist or social worker ‘who specializes in chile and family. issues helps the court and the parties in children’s cases tion. A process whereby a. family dispute resolution. practitioner assists people to resolve some or all of their disputes with each, other following separation, and/or divorce. Family Law Registry. A public area at a Family. Law Court where people can obtain. information about the court and its processes and where par- ties file documents in re- lation to their case, Family Report. A written assessment of a family by [ey Terms Common Use in Court ‘8 family consultant pre: pared to assist a court to ‘make a decision in a case about children, Family Violence. Harmful behaviour that is used to control, threatens, force or dominate a” family ‘member through fear. It includes sexual, psycho- logical, emotional and fi- nancial abuse, Family Violence Order. ‘An order (including an in- tetim order) made tinder a prescribed law ofa territo: ry to protect person from family violence including children, Felony. A crime punishable by death or confinement in the penitentiary. Fiduelary. person who hhas a legal and. ethical duty to actin the best in- terests of another person, [Examples include an exe- ccutor ora guardian. Final Hearing. ‘The last hearing in a case where the court listens to wit: nesses and any other evi- dence, Final Order. The last order that the court makes to finish a court case. Findings. The result of the deliberations of a cout. Forensle Medical Exami- nation. An examination made to a person's body by a doctor or dentist. ‘This may involve taking body samples like blood, pubic hair, anal, genital for breast swabs, saliva and mouth or dental im: pressions, Forensle Social Work. A social work involving the Jaw ~ both eriminal and civil (Le. concerning pri- vate personal rights) ~ and the legal system, Forfeiture. A deprivation for destruction of a pro- (65)Detosran Gannon one Sail Wak rfssion and Prac Book ‘Tes Conan Use in Cou perty right in consequence of the non-performance of ‘some obligation or condi- tion. Form. A particular docu: ‘ment that must be com- pleted and filed at court. Different forms are used {or different family law matters, General Power of Attor- ney. A document that allows @ person to make financial or legal deck sions in behalf of another . Court order that allows the exe= ccutor of a Will to deal with ‘and distribute the estate. Fraud. The use of deceit or Guardian ad item. Is a trickery for personal gain oF unfair advantage. person appointed by the court where the case is pending for a child who is'a victim of, accused of, ‘or a witness to a crime to protect the best interests, of the child. G Guilty. Responsible for committing @ criminal General Damages. Com- pensation sought by the Plaintiff in an action that is not specified but where the court is to determine the appropriate amount to be awarded as damages. 1661 offense, The word used by fan accused in pleading. to the charges when he confesses. to. committing. the crime of which he is charged. Its also used by. the judge if he finds that. the accused really. com= mitted a criminal offense Guardian. A person. appointed to. make personal lifestyle deci- sions, such as decisions fabout where the person will live. A guardian only makes decisions for someone who is unable to make those decisions themselves, Hearing. The presentation ‘of a case at court. Habeas Corpus. A writ ‘commanding the person holding another person in custody to bring the per- ‘on before the court for a determination of whether the person is restrained ta) of his/her liberty by due process. Homicide. Is acrime where ‘person alls another per- Human Trafficking. Is the transfer of people across initial boundaries to en- wwe them in some way, ‘usually. involving. forced lnbor or sexual exploita- tion; human trafficking may also include infants & children who are pur- chased for adoption on ‘the black market (Po- tocky, 2008). Another as- pect of human trafficking concerns the harvesting of human organs (Childress, 2006; Hodge, 2008)‘itor and Genera Infomaton onthe Sci Wor Profession ad Prac Book “Tams Common Ua nau Immunity for Reporting. ‘A person who, acting in ‘200d faith, shall report a amount of time. independent Person. An ‘adult who must be with a. ‘minor during police ques- tioning especially when parents or the guardian. ‘cannot be there. case fchild abuse shall be Indepth investigative in- terview. Is an inquiry oF proceeding conducted by duly trained members of ‘multi-disciplinary team. oF representatives of child, protective services for the: free from any civil or ad- ministrative ability ari- sing there from. ‘There shall be a presumption that any such person ‘acted in good faith. Incest. Carnal relations be- tween siblings, between parents and children, and Whether child abuse has. been committed. ‘between blood relations Indictable Offence. A se- up to the fourth degree ‘of consanguinity. (Brave Little Women, p. 1). Independent Children’s rious offence where the person accused can ask {or the charge to be heard. by a judge or a jury. Lawyer. A lawyer ap- Incareeration. —Imprison- pointed by the court to represent the best in- ‘ment; confinement ina Jail or penitentiary terests of the child Indemaify. To shift res Impound. To store a car in ‘a secure lock-up for a set 168) pponsibiity for a loss from ‘the person held legally res- ponsible to another party. Informant’s statement. ‘The informant’s descrip. tion of how they believe you broke the law. Information. A sworn or affirmed statement made by an informant who has reasonable and probable grounds to believe that the accused has commit: ted a criminal offence. Insanity Defense. The ac- cused alleges that he or she had lack of control over their actions, and, therefore, cannot be held responsible. The accused may have been deluded, ineapacitated, provoked, severely mentally disabled fr even have been sleep- ‘walking. In general, they were in a state of mind in ‘which ‘they did not have control over their actions, didn't know what they ‘were doing or were un- fable to understand that what they were doing was wrong, of illegal Insanity Plea. A claim by a defendant that he or she lack the mental capacity at the time of the crime and should not be held res- ponsible for it. Interrogatories. A set of series, written questions drawn up for the purpose of being asked of a party, for a witness or other par” ty to be answered under oath. Infringement Notice. ‘Money you have to pay for minor offences, such littering, parking or traffic offences (also known as fan ‘on the spot’ fine). Infringement Warrant. A court document that al- lows a sheriff to take cer- tain actions. Intervention. Refers to series of activities de- toTeA ae 7 Dctonar and Goer ifomaton nth Socal Wor Profession and Pracce Book signed to address issues that caused the child to commit an offense. It may take the form of an individualized treatment program, which may in or, in the case of a man- datory injunction, an or- der that requires the per- son to do what the court considers they are legally required to do, clude counseling, skills Interim Order. A decision. training, education and other activities that will enhance his/her psycho- logical, emotional and psycho-social well-being. Intoxication. Is the state ‘of being under the in- uence of one or more substance. When a per- son becomes intoxicated, there is a change in the pperson’s alertness, thin- King, perceptions, deci sion-making, emotions, or behavior. Injunction. An order of the ‘court requiring a person of a court that is not the final outcome of the mat- ter; commonly occurs in family law cases where an interim order is made by the court regarding issues that may ultimately be de~ cided at a later date, ie. at atrial, to not do some act or not Jail. A place of confinement continue to do some act, that the court considers they have no right to do [0] for persons awaiting trial ‘and for persons sentenced, to shorter terms of con- Terms Corman finement for misdemea- Jointly Appointed. When two people are appointed as attorneys and both must agree on a decision for that decision to be vs lid Jointly and Severally ‘Appointed. When two or more people are appoin- ted as attorneys and either one or all can make valid decision, Judge. A person who con- trols what happens in higher courts and deals Used nou ticular court, tribunal or other decision-making, body; the types of cases a court or decision-making body has the power to de- termine; the geographical ‘area in which a court or decision-making body has the power to make deci- sions. ‘Jury. A body of persons se- lected from the commu- nity to hear evidence and decide ina criminal or civil case if a person is, guilty or not based on evi- dence given in a court, with legal issues. Juvenile. A person under ‘Judgment. A final decision the age of 18. ‘and order of the court in Juvenile Corrections. The a legal proceeding after all, evidences are heard, ‘Judicial Officer. A person ‘who has been appointed to hear aid Gecide case; {or instance a judge. ‘Jurisdiction. The scope of authority given to a par- im “broad term denoting a range of interventions for young people whose actual or alleged behavior hhas brought them to the attention of law enforce- ‘ment personnel or the courts” (Barton, p.1563)icon and ene niomaton onthe Soci Work rtetsin an Practice Bak Juvenile Courts. Those hhaving jurisdiction over proceedings involving de- linguent, dependent or maltreated children and Lack of Jurisdiction. The their parents/guardians, Juvenile Justice and Wel- fare System. Refers to a system dealing with chil- dren at risk and children in conflict with the law, which provides child appropriate proceedings, including programs and services for prevention, ‘diversion, rehabilitation, and reintegration and af. phrase may mean lack. of power to act in a par- ticular manner or to give certain kind of relief. It ‘may consist of a court’: total lack of power to act. at all, or lack of power to act in particular cases be= ‘cause the parties have not complied with conditions essential to the exercise of Jurisdiction. ter care to ensure their Lascivious Conduct. normal growth and deve- lopment. wa Means the intentional touching, either directly for through clothing, of the genitalia, anus, groin, breast, inner thigh, oF buttocks, or the introduc: tion of any object into the genitalia, anus or mouth, of any person whether of the same or opposite sex, Tas Common Us with the intent to abuse, humiliate, harass, de- grade or arouse or gratify the sexual desire of any person, bestiality, mas- turbation, lascivious exhi- bition of genitals or public area of a person, Law. The body of formal principles and decisions established by govern ment that determines what behavior the courts convict of a crime. Law Enforcement Offi: ‘cer. Refer to the person in, authority or his/her agent fas defined in Article 152 of the Revised Penal Code, including a barangey: tanod. Lawyer. A person who ean tion or pay a debt to do with that property. For ‘example, if someone has repaired your car at your request that they can claim a lien over the car ‘until the work is paid for. Letters Testamentary. A document issued by the circuit court that gives an ‘executor the power to take control of and distribute ‘a deceased person's pro- erty. Levy. A seizure; the setting aside of specific property from the general property of the debtor and placing it under the control of the ‘sheriff until it can be sold and applied to the pay- ment of the execution. jive advice about the law Legal Aid. Legal servi- and represents a person in court, Lien. A righi to hold ano- ‘ther person's property until they meet an obliga vs) ‘ces are available in some areas to persons. unable ‘to afford an attorney. Le- gal aid offices handle only lvl matters,NZ RACLINAL A ‘ictonr and Gone formation oh Sci Wor Profession ad Paco Book Terms Common Used in Gout ‘A less. serious criminal charge that includes some punishable by fine being jailed for a term Lesser Included Offense. Misdemeanor. _Osfenses n of the same elements as the original charge. Mediation. A form of di ppute resolution that takes Mitigating Factor. 4 fa place outside of court Where a neutral third party helps the parties reaches a settlement. ‘Mental Impairment. A dis- ability, including intellec- tual disabilities, acquired brain injury, mental ill ness and dementia. ‘Minor, A person who is un- der the age of legal compe- tence. One under eighteen (18) years of age. ua "exceeding twelve months for a combination of fin and jail within thes limits. Neglect. Means failure to provide, for reasons other than poverty, adequate ‘ood, clothing, shelter, ba- sic ¢ducation or medical in a verdict due to a proce: care so a8 to seriously en- dural error or other prob: Jem. The trial must th start over from the begin: ning. tal, social and emotional growth and development Notary. A public officer or circumstance asso- whose function is to ad- ciated with a criminal act ‘minister oaths; to attest that, while not an excuse and certify certain classes ‘or justification, may of documents; to take ac- duce its severity and re knowledgments, and cer: sult in a lesser sentence. tify the same. Not Guilty. A finding or verdict in a criminal case wherein the judge has not proven the defendant guilty of a charge. Also the plea that may be made by a defendant to assert that occurs during the of a court proceeding. 0751 he or she is not guilty: Not Guilty by Reason of Insanity. finding or verdict in a criminal case wherein the judge or jury determines that a defen- dant is not responsible for the act(s) due to mental incapacity at the time of the offense. ddanger the physical, men- Notice. Formal notification ‘of @ legal proceeding or determination. of the child. Notice to Appear. A docu: ‘ment you may get when person in authority sus- pect you of breaking the Jaw. The document tells you to go to court on a certain date.WwrrrnnArn Dicionr and areal orman on be Soi Wk Prateston an Practce Book Oath. Where a person ‘swear in the name of his/ her religious beliefs to tell the truth, Objection. A protest or exception made by a party ‘against an action by the ‘opposing party. Occupational Crime. Il legal acts committed by an ‘employee within his oF her ‘occupational role without the employing organiza- tions knowledge. Offence. Refers to any act, for omission whether pu- nishable under special Jaws or the Revised Penal Code, as amended. It in- ‘cludes violations of traffic Jaws, rules and regula- tions, and ordinances of local government units Ordinance. The enact (76) ‘ments of the legislative body of a local govern= ‘ment. Parent. Legal guardian of a child or one exercising pa rental authority over the child Parenting Plan, A written agreement between par- ties setting out parenting @ hearing or pleading which is orally presented. Organized (syndicated) Crime. illegal acts coms professional crimin. Ciokister dese tot arrangements for children. ‘money. Pardon. An exemption from ‘8 conviction for a crimi- ‘nal offence resulting in the person's free of crimi- nal record of the offence committed, The National Parole Board may grant pardon to anyone who has served his/her sen- tence and demonstrated good records inside jail showing that he/she is a respohsible citizen. Usually a waiting period js required before being eligible for @ pardon. Original Jurisdiction. Ju: risdiction in the first in: stance; jurisdiction take cognizance of a caus at its inception, try it, “ems Conenal Used in Coa Parole. Is the ‘conditio- nal release of a prisoner serving an undetermined or unexpired sentence”, usually for good beha” vior or the promise of good behavior, under the su: pervision of a designated parole officer (Mish, 2008, p. 902), Partial Payment, Payment of @ sum less than the whole amount originally due. Particulars. Detailed infor- ‘mation of the alleged facts of a criminal offence with ‘which the accused has been charged. Party. An individual. per- son or a legal organiza- tion/entity (for example, a bank) involved in a case, Pedophiles. Defined as persons who are “almost ‘always male, whose pre- ferred sexual partner is @ id of a particular age.” 7NZ RACKINA A Detour an Gener ration onthe Soi Wk Prlesson an Prac Book “Tes Common sein Cou However, although they may be almost always male, there are also f males who can be consi dered as pedophiles. Prefe- Fences of these indivi bodily harm suffered by. duals may vary from “pre- child, pubescent children” to “early teen partners.” Penalty. A punishment for brealcng the aw: Perjury. A criminal offense committed by giving a or physical harm, Plaintiff. The person who initiates, who brings of files case with a court; false statement given un- who sues. May also be der oath. called claimant, petitioner Perpetrator. A person who or applicant. A plain- breaks the law. tiff commences the plea: Personal Recognizance. dings of a court action Release of a defendant writing, filing and. deli from jail or arrest by a very of a statement of judicial officer, upon the claim, Promise to appear in court Plea/plead. The response: without the necessity of of the defendant to the: posting bond but with charge made against him! some conditions imposed. in the courtroom where Petition. A formal request he can plead guilty or not toacourttotakeacertain guilty ‘action on a matter. Pleadings. The formal (73) allegations by the parties of their respective claims and defenses, for the judg- ment of the court. Police Brief. A document that contains evidence the police use to prove their Police Brutality. The un- necessary infliction of pain on suspects under the guise of controlling their behavior. Police Case. What the police say about what hhappened and why they charged the person, Police Summary. What the police say happened. Power of Attorney. Au thorization given’ by one person allowing another to take action on their be- half. Prepubescént™ Children Boys or girls who have not yet entered puberty. Precedent. A decision ‘made by a judicial officer, which may serve as an ‘example for other cases or orders, Preliminary Brief, This is a shorter version of the brief of evidence, which the accuse will get earlier in the process, The prelimi- nary brief will give detail of the prosecution's case but does not need to in- clude any evidence: Preliminary Hearing. The hearing given to an ac- cused which is held by a Judge, to ascertain whe- ther there is evidence to ‘warrant the bindingover of the accused on the felony charge to the circuit court for further proceedings. Preliminary Inquiry. A hearing before a Provin- cial Court Judge to decide ‘whether there is sufficient ‘evidence for the accused to go to trial; a prelimi 11WRAAT Deon and Genera nomen ete Soci Wark Profession nd Practice Book Tas Common Usdin out nary inquiry only. takes place where the accused ip charged with an indi table offence and chooses to be tried by a judge or Jury of the superior trial ‘court. Preponderance. Greater ‘weight of evidence, or evi- dence which is more cre- dible and convincing to the mind. Pre-Trial Conference. A ‘meeting between the par ties and/or their lawyers and a judge to settle pro> ccedural questions and de- ‘ine or narrow the issues to be tried; settlement of trial issues may also occur. Prima Facle, A Latin term ‘meaning ‘at first sight’, used. to. describe good fevidence/a fact that is presumed to be true un- less disproved by contrary evidence. Privilege. A legal rule that says confidential informa: tion that the person has. given to oF received from her/his lawyer cannot be ‘used in court. Probable Cause. A reaso- rable ground for belief in the existence of facts war= ranting the proceedings. complained of (e.g, Pro= of a jail sentence during ‘good behavior and gene~ rally under the supervi- sion or guardianship of probation officer together with other restrictions as the court may impose. Pro Bono. A Latin term ‘meaning “for the good; used to describe a law- yer's services that are pro- vided free of charge. Prosecutor. The police of ficer who gives the po- lice's case in the court- room. Also referred to as the police prosecutor. ‘The prosecutor can also be a government official (for example, a correc: tions worker) or someone working for an agency that issues infringement notice. Psychological Injury. ‘Means harm to a child's psychological or intellec- tual funetioning which may be exhibited by se- response or cognition. Peychological Violence. Refers to acts or omis- jons causing of likely to ‘cause mental or emotio- ‘al suffering of the victim such as but not limited to intimidation, harassment, stalking, damage to pro- erty, public ridicule or ‘humiliation, repeated ver- bbal abuse and mental in- fidelity. vere anxiety, depression, Quash. To void a particular withdrawal or outward aggressive behaviour or a combination of said be- haviour which may be demonstrated by a change in behaviour, emotional Tegal proceeding or deci- sion, ie. quash an order of the court, making the order of no force or effect, as if the order had not ‘been made.V7 RACKIAW A Dense Geral forsion onthe Socal Wor Profession and Pace Book Tes Coemany Used in Cau, i Registrar. An officer of the Rape. *Penile-vaginal pene ‘ration against a woman's will through the use of threat or force’ (Strong, Devault, Sayad and, Yarber, 2002, p. 640). Reasonable Doubt. The Rehabilitation. Resto degree of certainty where accusations must be proven in order to obtain ‘a criminal conviction, Reporting. A person wh Recognizance. Refers to lan understanding in lew of a bond assumed by a parent or custodian who shall be responsible for the appearance in court of the child in conflict with the law, when required. Record of Proceedings. In regard to @ particular case, the listing or recor- ding by the court of all of Respondent. A _ perso the appearances and/or [821 proceedings and their out ‘come before the court ‘court office or “registry” who receives documents stances that give rise the belief that a child has suffered abuse may report the same, either orally in writing, to the DSWD, to the police or other la enforcement agency or t0 [BCPC (Barangay Council for the Protection of Chik. dren) ‘named as a party to case. A respondent may ‘or may not respond to the orders sought by the applicant. Restitution. The act of making well or giving equivalent for any loss, ‘damage or injury. Restorative Justice, A principle which requires a process of resolving con- fiets with the maximum involvement of the victim, the offender and the com: munity. I seeks to obtain reparation for the victim; reconciliation of the of fender; the offended and the community; and re- ‘assurance to the offender that he/she can be re- integrated into society It also enhances. public safety by activating the offender; the victim and the community in preven- tion strategies (RA 9344), Revocation. The recall of co) some power, authority, or thing granted, or a des- troying or making void of some deed that had ‘existed until the act of re- vocation made it void. Rules, A set of directions that outlines court proce- dures and guideline Rule of Law. Another phrase for law and order; the principles that require that the powers of the state be derived from and limited either by legisla tion enacted by a legisla ture or judicial decisions made by independent courts. Rules of Court. The pro- cedures which govern the proceedings in the court ‘and which are to be fol- lowed by the parties