Active Directory Management

A quick guide for IT professionals

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Active Directory Management - A quick guide for IT professionals 1

 Contents
+ Introduction

+ Active Directory and its components

+ Domain Controllers

+ Grouping of Domain Controllers

+ Objects

+ Replication and High Availability

+ Global Catalogue servers

+ Flexible single-master operations

+ Functional levels

+ Active Directory and its networking services - DNS

+ Active Directory in the networking infrastructure

+ Best practices towards deploying Active Directory

Active Directory Management - A quick guide for IT professionals 2

Introduction
Microsoft’s Active Directory offers a centralised way for IT system
administrators to manage user accounts and devices within an IT
infrastructure network. Changes in Active Directory are generally
made by IT administrators centrally for consistency across the IT
infrastructure environment.

With the right Active Directory management in place, users can

enjoy benefits such as being able to log onto devices and into
applications with the same username and password; use their
settings and files across all devices that are members of relevant
Active Directory groups; have peace of mind knowing that when
a device is lost, defective or stolen, they can remain productive
on another Active Directory-managed device.

Active Directory Management - A quick guide for IT professionals

Active Directory and its Components
Now we have defined what Active Directory is, here are some of the
Read/write Domain Controllers: These Domain Controllers allow
key components that make up this useful IT Administration tool set:
changes to their Active Directory databases and System Volumes
from Active Directory members and can be used to bring changes
Domain Controllers
to other Domain Controllers.

On Microsoft Servers, a domain controller (DC) is a server which

Read-only Domain Controllers: Are Domain Controllers that
responds to security authentication requests (log in, checking
only allow read-access to their Active Directory databases and
permissions, etc.) within the Windows Server domain. These are
System Volumes. Changes are brought in by Read/write Domain
Windows Server installations equipped with the Active Directory
Controllers.
Domain Services Server Role.

Domain Controllers can be physical hosts and virtual machines.

The most important elements of Domain Controllers are:

The Active Directory Database: The Active Directory database

and its supporting files contain the definition of objects and the
configuration of objects. Examples of objects are Containers, Org
Units, user accounts and computer accounts.

Figure 1 : Active Directory Database Example

Active Directory Management - A quick guide for IT professionals

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Grouping of Domain Controllers
Domain Controllers are generally grouped into sites, domains and
Inside the Active Directory database
forests. An Active Directory site, typically, represents a geographical
site of high-speed connectivity. Active Directory sites govern
The Active Directory database consists of two types of data:
replication between Domain Controllers configured in Active
The Active Directory schema Objects are defined in the schema.
Directory sites.
This way, their behaviour and relationships are shaped.

By default, authentication traffic from within an Active Directory

For example, the fact that a user account object can have a last
site is directed to a Domain Controller in that site. A Domain
name where a computer object cannot, is defined in the Active
Controller can only be part of one Active Directory site at a time.
Directory schema.
Active Directory domains are containers of replication.
The Active Directory configuration. The objects themselves and the
Additionally, all Domain Controllers in a domain can receive
information in their properties (called attributes) are stored in the
changes and replicate those changes to all other Domain
configuration part of the Active Directory database
Controllers in it. Each domain in Active Directory is identified by
a Domain Name System (DNS) domain name.

An Active Directory forest is a collection of one or more Active

Directory domains that share a common Active Directory schema.
Most Active Directory environments exist with one Active
Directory domain in its own Active Directory forest.

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