Laboratory Report

Acids and Bases

I. Objectives
 Give examples of acids and bases from everyday life

 Define pH and identify acids and bases using the pH scale

 Apply the the Bronsted-Lowry definition of acids and bases to chemical

compounds

 Describe the amphoteric and self-ionization capacity of water

 Calculate the pH of a strong acid and base in solution

 Assess whether a neutralization reaction will occur

 Evaluate the outcome of simple acid-base reactions

II. Introduction
For this laboratory activity, we will be learning the Bronsted-Lowry definition of
acids and bases, as well as define the pH scale and measure the pH level of
some acids and bases. Furthermore, we will be able to mix different solutions
in order to determine what happens when acids and bases are mixed. At last,
we would then understand why acids and bases are dangerous while also
playing an important role in our lives, nature, and the chemical industry.

III. Materials and Procedure

 Lab coat
 Gloves
 Eye protection
 Beaker
 Hexagonal Holo-table
 Sodium hydroxide molecule
 Hydrochloric acid molecule
 Water molecule
 Chloride ion
 Sodium ion
 Puzzle workbench
 Bottle of hydrochloric acid
 Bottle of sodium hydroxide
 Bottle of water

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  pH Meter
 Pc screen
Lab coat, Gloves, eye protection and beaker were used. Also, Hexagonal
Holo-table, Sodium hydroxide molecule, Hydrochloric acid molecule, and
water molecule were used. pH meter was used for this experiment, as well
as Bottle that contains hydrochloric acid, bottle containing hydroxide, and
a bottle containing water. Puzzle workbench and pc screen were also
used in this experiment.
Chloride ion and sodium ion were obtained, chloride ion was obtained
after Hydrochloric acid molecule mixed with water molecule and Sodium
ion was obtained after mixing Sodium hydroxide molecule and water
molecule.

IV. Data and Results

A pH value is a number, usually between 0 and 14, that represents the acidity
or basicity of a solution. The “pH” is always written with a lowercase “p” and
an uppercase “H”, which stands for “power of hydrogen.” pH values are
related to hydrogen ion (H+H+) concentrations.
The mathematical relationship between pH and H+H+ is described by the
equation
V. pH=−log(H+)

The pH values of everyday chemicals typically range from pH 0 to pH 14.

Values between 0 and 7 indicate an acidic solution. Values between 7 and 14
indicate a basic solution. A pH of exactly 7 indicates that a solution is neutral,
neither acidic or basic. Pure water is usually pH 7.

The pH scale is shown below.

pH Levels

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 pH indicators are useful for qualitative purposes, when an exact quantitative
value is needed, a pH meter is used. A laboratory pH meter typically has a
special probe capped with a membrane that is sensitive to H+H+ ion
concentrations. The meter reading shows an exact pH value of the solution
probed.

Living organisms are very sensitive to the effects of acids and bases in
their environment. An excess of H+H+ or OH−OH− can interfere with the
functioning of biological molecules, especially proteins. Thus, in order to
maintain homeostasis and survive, organisms must maintain a stable
internal pH.

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 According to Bronsted-Lowry theory, acid is a substance which donates an
H+ ion or a proton and forms its conjugate base and the base is a
substance which accepts an H+ ion or a proton and forms its conjugate acid.

How to calculate the pH of a strong acid and strong base solution:

Calculate the moles of the H+(aq) or OH-(aq) that is in excess. Calculate the
volume of the resultant solution after the acid and base are mixed together.
Calculate the concentration of the excess H+(aq) or OH-(aq) in the resultant
solution. Calculate the pH of the resultant aqueous solution.

VI. Discussion
We learned in this simulation that water is both an acid and a base. We also
had to solve the pH level of the various solutions and place them in the
correct pH level. It is also critical to properly equip yourself before handling
acids and bases to avoid potential hazards.

VII. Conclusion
In conclusion, we learned the concepts of an acid and a base. We used the
pH scale to determine the pH level of a compound if it is an acid, base, or
neutral. We also learned that acids and bases are almost everywhere even in
the food that we eat. Acids and Bases may be a fun topic to be learned, but
we need to have the correct safety equipment and know how to handle them
correctly when experimenting with them.
References:
https://www.webassign.net/question_assets/ncsugenchem102labv1/lab_10/manual.
html
https://api2.labster.com/simulation/a0Kw000000JFoRyEAL/
https://www.labster.com/simulations/acids-and-bases/

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 Honor Pledge for Group Projects
“I accept responsibility for my role in ensuring the integrity of the work submitted
by the group in which I participated.”

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