SPECIAL PROCEEDINGS Case Digests (2nd 

Batch)

2.6 Claims Against the Estate (Rule 86, Rules of Court) NOTES
1. Santos v. Manarang (Gian)
FACTS:
FACTS: Don Lucas died ea!ing a "i "#c stated his desi$e that his de%ts %e $eigious& 'aid %& his "ie 
e*ecuto$s in the o$+  at the ,+e ag$eed u'on "# his c$edito$s- A+ong the de%ts +en,oned in the "i "as
one in a!o$ o Santos- .he "i "as du& '$o%ated  a co++i/ee "as a''ointed to hea$  dete$+ine the
cai+s against the estate- 0ence the co++i/ee su%+i/ed its $e'o$t to the cou$t-
.he$eae$ Santos '$esented a 'e,,on to the cou$t as3ing that the co++i/ee %e $e4ui$ed to $econ!ene 
'ass u'on his cai+s against the estate "#c "e$e $ecogni5ed in the "i- 0is 'e,,on "as denied %& the cou$t on
Pagethe
| 1g$ound that the sa+e ('e,,on) "as %a$$ed %& the statute o noncai+s- Santos contended that his aiu$e
to '$esent his cai+ to the co++i/ee "#in the statute o noncai+s "as due to his %eie that it "as
unnecessa$& to do so %ecause o the act that Don Lucas (testato$) in his "i e*'$ess& $ecogni5ed the de%ts 
di$ected that the& shoud %e 'aid-

HELD: .he
HELD: .he cai+ o Santos is barred %&
barred %& the statute o noncai+s- Santos shoud ha!e '$esented his cai+ to the
co++i/ee du$ing the 6 +onth 'e$iod '$esc$i%ed %& a"-

RATIO
“Debts may accrue and be paid in whole or in part between the me the will is made and the death of the
testator. To allow a debt menoned in the will in the amount expressed therein on the ground that such was
the desire of the testator, when, in fact, the debt had been wholly or partly paid, would be not only unust to
the residuary heirs, but a re!econ upon the good sense of the testator himself.

The direcon in the will for the executor to pay all ust debts does not mean that he shall pay them without 
 probate. There is nothing in the will to indicate that the testator intended that his estate should be
administer
administered
ed in any other than the regular
regular way under the statute,
statute, which re"uires
re"uires #all demands against the
estates of the deceased persons,# #all such demands as may be exhibited,# etc. The statute pro$ides the $ery 
means for ascertaining whether the claims against the estate or ust debts.

%ut it is said that the plain&'s (antos) claims should be considered as partaing of the nature of a legacy and 
disposed of accordingly. *f this be perfect then the plain& (antos) would recei$e nothing unl a+er all debts
had been paid and the heirs by force of law had recei$ed their shares. rom any point of $iew the ine$itable
result is that there must be a hearing someme
hearing someme before some tribunal to determine the correctness of the debts
recogni-ed in the wills of deceased persons. This hearing, in the rst instance, cannot be had before the court 
because
because the law does not authori-e it. uch debtors
debtors must present
present their claims
claims to the commi/ee0
commi/ee0 otherwise
otherwise
their claims will be fore$er barred.1 
2. Tan Sen Guan v. Go Sui San (2hai)
FACTS:
TAN SEN GUAN !"ain#$% 
!"ain#$%   is the ad+inist$a
ad+inist$ato$
to$ o the intestate and G& SU' SAN
intestate estate o Tan eng Sue  and
de(endant ) is the ad+inist$ato$ in the testa+enta$& '$oceeding o$ the se/e+ent o the estate o Antonio
 Antonio
Tam!o"o.

Acco$ding to the %oo3s 3e't %& the deendant ad+inist$ato$

ad+inist$ato$ Antonio .a+'oco o"ed .an
.an Peng Sue the su+ o 
P27892-69 "ith the inte$est at the $ate o : 6#19 'e$ cent 'e$ &ea$ "#c a+ounted to P;92<2-8: at the end
o the &ea$ 1:22-

='on the death o Antonio .a+'oco

.a+'oco a '$oceeding "as ins,tuted in the C>I o ?ania o$ the se/e+ent o his
estate@ that &ea$ co++issione$s "e$e a''ointed to hea$ and decide "hate!e$ cai+ +ight %e '$esented
against the estate@ thei$ na $e'o$t "as a''$o!ed %& the cou$t-

Ae$ the a''$o!a %& the cou$t o the $e'o$t o the co++i/ee on cai+s the 'ain, in his ca'acit& as
ad+inis
ad+inist$
t$ato
ato$$ o the estate
estate o .an Peng
Peng Sue
Sue +o!ed
+o!ed the cou$t that the co++i/ee
co++i/ee on cai+s
cai+s %e again
again
autho$i5ed o$ a ne" co++i/ee a''ointed to hea$ and decide a cai+ that he had and "hich he "as to
'$esent against the estate aeging a+ong othe$ g$ounds that the ad+inist$ato$ Go Sui San had %een
assu$ing the hei$s o .an Peng Sue that the& "oud not ose thei$ c$edit-

Ae$ due '$oceeding the ne" co++issione$s "ho "e$e a''ointed %& the cou$t on Se!t. 21) 1**2
1**2  ad+i/ed
the cai+ o the 'ain, $eco++ending
$eco++ending its 'a&+ent %& the deendant ad+inist$ato$
ad+inist$ato$ "hich "as %& ag$ee+ent
o the 'a$,es e s,+ated at P;92<2-8:-

On Dece+%e$ 22 1:2; the cou$t '$esided o!e$ %& udge Anaceto Dia5 a%so!ed the deendant ad+inist$ato$
o the estat
estate
e o Antoni
Antonioo .a+'oco
a+'oco $o+
$o+ the co+'
co+'ain
aint
t hodin
hoding
g that
that the co++is
co++issio
sione$
ne$ss a''oin
a''ointed
ted on
Se'te+%e$ 21 1:22
1:22 had no autho$it& unde$ the a" to hea$ and decide said cai+ %ecause the cou$t that had
 SPECIAL PROCEEDINGS Case Digests (2nd Batch)

a''ointed the+ had on the said date no u$isdic,on to a''oint the+ in !ie" o the act that +o$e than 1
+onths ha!e ea'sed since thei$ na $e'o$t "as su%+i/ed %& the o$+e$ co++i/ee on cai+s in the
ao$esaid testa+enta$&
testa+enta$& '$oceeding and a''$o!ed %& the cou$t- >$o+ this Pain, +o!ed o$ a ne" t$ia-

On ?a$ch 2< 1:2 the o"e$ cou$t '$esided o!e$ %& the 0ono$a%e Geo- R- 0a$!e& udge ae$ conside$ing
the +o,on o$ ne" t$ia $ende$ed a ne" decision seFng aside that o Dece+%e$ 22 1:2; and o$de$ing the
ad+inist$ato$ o the estate o Antonio .a+'oco to 'a& the ad+inist$ato$ o the estate o .an Peng Sue the su+
o P28892-69 "ith inte$est the$eon at the $ate o : 6#19 'e$ cent annu+-
Page | 2
>$o+ this decision the ad+inist$ato$ o the estate o Antonio .a+'oco a''eaed and his counse in this cou$t
'$a&s o$ the $e!e$sa o the decision a''eaed $o+ aeging that the o"e$ cou$t e$$ed a% In
a% In seFng aside its
o$+e$ decision and in ente$ing a ne" decision en,$e& cont$a$& to the '$eceding one instead o g$an,ng a
ne" t$ia@ b% in
b% in hoding that the cai+ '$esented "as !aid and eec,!e at the ,+e it "as '$esented and in
not hoding that the sa+e "as e*,nguished at that ,+e unde$ the a"@ and +% in
+% in not a%so!ing the deendant
$o+ the co+'aint-

'SSUE: "hethe$
'SSUE: "hethe$ o$ not this ac,on#cai+ against the estate has '$esc$i%ed as contended %& the deendant-

HELD: udg+ent
HELD: udg+ent a''eaed $o+ is $e!e$sed- Pain, a''eee has ost his $ight to eno$ce his cai+ in this
'$oceeding-

.he 'e$,nent 'a$t o sec,on 6:7 o the Code o Ci!i P$ocedu$e '$o!ides

A 'e$son ha!ing a cai+ against a deceased 'e$son '$o'e$ to %e ao"ed %& the co++i/ee "ho doesnotdoes not
ae$ 'u%ica,on o the $e4ui$ed no,ce e*hi%it his cai+ to the co++i/ee as '$o!ided in this cha'te$ sha %e
%a$$ed $o+ $eco!e$ing such de+and o$ $o+ 'eading the sa+e in oset to an& ac,on e*ce't as he$einae$
'$o!ided-

P$o!isions si+ia$ to this a$e ound in the statutes o +an& i not a the states o the =nion and a$e o$dina$i&
auded
auded to as statutes
statutes $ea,!e
$ea,!e to cai+s not '$esented
'$esented in due ,+e- It "as enacted
enacted in o$de$
o$de$ to aciitate
aciitate the
s'eed& i4uida,on o estates
estates and to that end it %a$s a '$oceeding "hen the cai+ is one that "as not
'$esented ae$ the 'u%ica,on o the no,ce $e4ui$ed-

.o a!oid the eect o sec,on 6:7 the 'ain, a&s st$ess on t"o ci$cu+stances- In the $st 'ace he sa&s that
his aiu$e to '$esent the cai+ to the co++i/ee a''ointed %& the cou$t on Se'te+%e$ 21 1:22 "as due to
the +achina,ons and $auduent and ase $e'$esenta,ons o the deendant-
Hhie it is eas& to unde$stand that the inte$ests o the 'ain, in his ca'acit& as ad+inist$ato$ o the estate o 
.an Peng Sue "e$e not du& '$otected and that his conduct "as to a ce$tain e*tent inuenced %& the
una!o$
una!o$a%e
a%e ci$cu+stances
ci$cu+stances that su$$ounde
su$$ounded d hi+ &et "e hod that !res+ri!#on +annot be avoided on t,e
ground o( (raud or undue in-uen+e.  .he aiu$e o .an Chu La& hei$ o .an Peng Sue to '$esent his cai+ "as
an o+ission co++i/ed %& an hei$ "ho had 3no"edge o the e*istence o the c$edit o his deceased athe$-
.he act that .an Chu La& +ight ha!e %een induced %& $auduent +achina,ons and una"u inuence o the
deendant ad+inist$ato$
ad+inist$ato$ cannot aect the ega conse4uences o said act-

And e!en i it %e ad+i/ed that the "ido" o .an Peng Sue "as in China "hie the co++i/ee on cai+s "as
ac,ng in the '$oceeding o$ the se/e+ent o Antonio .a+'ocoJs estate s, the $esut "oud %e the sa+e-
The law does
does not mae
mae any
any reser$
reser$ao
aon
n or exce
excepo
pon
n whate
whate$er
$er,, and this
this court
court cannot
cannot mae
mae either
either..

- - - ,ere t,e statute o( non/+"ai0 0aes no e+e!#on as to an3 !ersons or +"ass o( !ersons) t,e +ourts +an
0ae none@
none @ and hence in the a%sence o so+e '$o!ision to the cont$a$& the statutes o nonKcai+ $un against
nonK$esident as "e as $esident and inant as "e as adut cai+ants and aso against insane 'e$sons and the
estate o a deceased c$edito$-

Second& to a!oid the eect o sec,on 6:7 the 'ain, aeges that the no,ce to the c$edito$s "as not
'u%ished in the +anne$ '$esc$i%ed %& sec,on 68< o the Code o Ci!i P$ocedu$e-

He thin3 that the docu+ents a/ached to the $e'o$t o said co++i/ee the s,'ua,on o acts and the
a''$o!a o said $e'o$t %& the t$ia cou$t cons,tute a concusi!e '$oo that the co++issione$s ha!e co+'ied
"ith the statute $e4ui$ing the 'u%ica,on o the no,ce to the c$edito$s-

=nde$ sec,on 6:9 a c$edito$ "ho has aied to '$esent his cai+ "ithin the 'e$iod *ed %& the co++i/ee on
cai+s +a& a''& to the cou$t "ithin si* +onths ae$ the 'e$iod '$e!ious& *ed o$ the $ene"a o the
 SPECIAL PROCEEDINGS Case Digests (2nd Batch)

a''ointed the+ had on the said date no u$isdic,on to a''oint the+ in !ie" o the act that +o$e than 1
+onths ha!e ea'sed since thei$ na $e'o$t "as su%+i/ed %& the o$+e$ co++i/ee on cai+s in the
ao$esaid testa+enta$&
testa+enta$& '$oceeding and a''$o!ed %& the cou$t- >$o+ this Pain, +o!ed o$ a ne" t$ia-

On ?a$ch 2< 1:2 the o"e$ cou$t '$esided o!e$ %& the 0ono$a%e Geo- R- 0a$!e& udge ae$ conside$ing
the +o,on o$ ne" t$ia $ende$ed a ne" decision seFng aside that o Dece+%e$ 22 1:2; and o$de$ing the
ad+inist$ato$ o the estate o Antonio .a+'oco to 'a& the ad+inist$ato$ o the estate o .an Peng Sue the su+
o P28892-69 "ith inte$est the$eon at the $ate o : 6#19 'e$ cent annu+-
Page | 2
>$o+ this decision the ad+inist$ato$ o the estate o Antonio .a+'oco a''eaed and his counse in this cou$t
'$a&s o$ the $e!e$sa o the decision a''eaed $o+ aeging that the o"e$ cou$t e$$ed a% In
a% In seFng aside its
o$+e$ decision and in ente$ing a ne" decision en,$e& cont$a$& to the '$eceding one instead o g$an,ng a
ne" t$ia@ b% in
b% in hoding that the cai+ '$esented "as !aid and eec,!e at the ,+e it "as '$esented and in
not hoding that the sa+e "as e*,nguished at that ,+e unde$ the a"@ and +% in
+% in not a%so!ing the deendant
$o+ the co+'aint-

'SSUE: "hethe$
'SSUE: "hethe$ o$ not this ac,on#cai+ against the estate has '$esc$i%ed as contended %& the deendant-

HELD: udg+ent
HELD: udg+ent a''eaed $o+ is $e!e$sed- Pain, a''eee has ost his $ight to eno$ce his cai+ in this
'$oceeding-

.he 'e$,nent 'a$t o sec,on 6:7 o the Code o Ci!i P$ocedu$e '$o!ides

A 'e$son ha!ing a cai+ against a deceased 'e$son '$o'e$ to %e ao"ed %& the co++i/ee "ho doesnotdoes not
ae$ 'u%ica,on o the $e4ui$ed no,ce e*hi%it his cai+ to the co++i/ee as '$o!ided in this cha'te$ sha %e
%a$$ed $o+ $eco!e$ing such de+and o$ $o+ 'eading the sa+e in oset to an& ac,on e*ce't as he$einae$
'$o!ided-

P$o!isions si+ia$ to this a$e ound in the statutes o +an& i not a the states o the =nion and a$e o$dina$i&
auded
auded to as statutes
statutes $ea,!e
$ea,!e to cai+s not '$esented
'$esented in due ,+e- It "as enacted
enacted in o$de$
o$de$ to aciitate
aciitate the
s'eed& i4uida,on o estates
estates and to that end it %a$s a '$oceeding "hen the cai+ is one that "as not
'$esented ae$ the 'u%ica,on o the no,ce $e4ui$ed-

.o a!oid the eect o sec,on 6:7 the 'ain, a&s st$ess on t"o ci$cu+stances- In the $st 'ace he sa&s that
his aiu$e to '$esent the cai+ to the co++i/ee a''ointed %& the cou$t on Se'te+%e$ 21 1:22 "as due to
the +achina,ons and $auduent and ase $e'$esenta,ons o the deendant-
Hhie it is eas& to unde$stand that the inte$ests o the 'ain, in his ca'acit& as ad+inist$ato$ o the estate o 
.an Peng Sue "e$e not du& '$otected and that his conduct "as to a ce$tain e*tent inuenced %& the
una!o$
una!o$a%e
a%e ci$cu+stances
ci$cu+stances that su$$ounde
su$$ounded d hi+ &et "e hod that !res+ri!#on +annot be avoided on t,e
ground o( (raud or undue in-uen+e.  .he aiu$e o .an Chu La& hei$ o .an Peng Sue to '$esent his cai+ "as
an o+ission co++i/ed %& an hei$ "ho had 3no"edge o the e*istence o the c$edit o his deceased athe$-
.he act that .an Chu La& +ight ha!e %een induced %& $auduent +achina,ons and una"u inuence o the
deendant ad+inist$ato$
ad+inist$ato$ cannot aect the ega conse4uences o said act-

And e!en i it %e ad+i/ed that the "ido" o .an Peng Sue "as in China "hie the co++i/ee on cai+s "as
ac,ng in the '$oceeding o$ the se/e+ent o Antonio .a+'ocoJs estate s, the $esut "oud %e the sa+e-
The law does
does not mae
mae any
any reser$
reser$ao
aon
n or exce
excepo
pon
n whate
whate$er
$er,, and this
this court
court cannot
cannot mae
mae either
either..

- - - ,ere t,e statute o( non/+"ai0 0aes no e+e!#on as to an3 !ersons or +"ass o( !ersons) t,e +ourts +an
0ae none@
none @ and hence in the a%sence o so+e '$o!ision to the cont$a$& the statutes o nonKcai+ $un against
nonK$esident as "e as $esident and inant as "e as adut cai+ants and aso against insane 'e$sons and the
estate o a deceased c$edito$-

Second& to a!oid the eect o sec,on 6:7 the 'ain, aeges that the no,ce to the c$edito$s "as not
'u%ished in the +anne$ '$esc$i%ed %& sec,on 68< o the Code o Ci!i P$ocedu$e-

He thin3 that the docu+ents a/ached to the $e'o$t o said co++i/ee the s,'ua,on o acts and the
a''$o!a o said $e'o$t %& the t$ia cou$t cons,tute a concusi!e '$oo that the co++issione$s ha!e co+'ied
"ith the statute $e4ui$ing the 'u%ica,on o the no,ce to the c$edito$s-

=nde$ sec,on 6:9 a c$edito$ "ho has aied to '$esent his cai+ "ithin the 'e$iod *ed %& the co++i/ee on
cai+s +a& a''& to the cou$t "ithin si* +onths ae$ the 'e$iod '$e!ious& *ed o$ the $ene"a o the
 SPECIAL PROCEEDINGS Case Digests (2nd Batch)

co++ission o$ the 'u$'ose o e*a+ining his cai+- .he $eco$d sho"s that the a!!"i+a#on o( t,e !"ain#$ 4as
!resented 15 0ont,s a6er t,e e!ira#on o( t,e !eriod 7ed (or t,e 7"ing o( +"ai0s - And "hie it "as
'$esented %eo$e the na se/e+ent o the estate o Antonio .a+'oco &et it ha!ing %een '$o!ed that the
co++i/ee had 'u%ished in the ne"s'a'e$ La Nacion the no,ce $e4ui$ed %& a" the$e "as no 'ossi%e
g$ound o$ g$an,ng said a''ica,on- He %eie!e that the la!se of #$ months is an unsurmounta%le %arrier 
o!!osing the gran&ng of sai' a!!li"a&on.
8. 9arredo v. Court o( A!!ea"s (3ie)
FACTS: .he
FACTS: .he hei$s o Ba$$edo es a 'e,,on o$ ta$d& cai+ %ased on a '$o+isso$& note secu$ed %& a +o$tgage
Pagee*ecute
|ecuted
e* ; d %& ?cDonough
?cDonough in a!ou$ o the ate >austo
>austo Ba$$edo- .he +o$tgage
+o$tgage "as annotated
annotated at the %ac3 o 
ce$,cate o and- ='on the death o >austo Ba$$edo the hei$s adudicated e*t$audicia& unto the+se!es the
said c$edit- Hhich "as ho"e!e$ canceed %& the a'anese I+'e$ia A$+& in August 1: (?cDonough an
A+e$ican conside$ed ene+& ci,5en hence his '$o'e$,es "e$e a''$o'$iated to the in!ade$) and the hei$ "as
'aid Ph'29 and signed a ce$,cate $e4ues,ng the Registe$ o Deeds to cance the +o$tgage o these
'$o'e$,es-

?cDonough died on ?a$ch 7 1:7 and an intestate '$oceeding "as ins,tuted- A no,ce to c$edito$s $e4ui$ing
the+ to e thei$ cai+ "ith the ce$3 o cou$t "ithin 6 +onths $o+ the date o its $st 'u%ica,on (August 2;)
un, >e%$ua$& 2; 1:6-

On Oct- 22 1:< the hei$s o Ba$$edo ed thei$ %eated cai+- .he ad+inist$ato$ o''osed- .he R.C ao"ed
the cai+ %ut the CA $e!e$sed the o$de$ o ao"ed@ hence the '$esent a''ea-

'SSUE: HON
'SSUE: HON the CA is co$$ect in disao"ing the hei$s to e thei$ cai+- Conse4uent& "hen is the 1 +onth
'e$iod $ee$$ed in Sec,on 2 Rue 8< o the Rues o Cou$t o$ ao"ing a c$edito$ "ho has aied to e his cai+
"ithin the 6 +onth 'e$iod %e counted-

HELD: Mes-
HELD: Mes- the '$o%ate cou$t '$e!ious& *ed the 'e$iod o$ ing cai+s at 6 +onths $ec3oned $o+ the date
o $st 'u%ica,on and $st 'u%ica,on "as +ade on August 2; 1:7 the '$esent cai+ "as ed on Octo%e$
22 1:<- Cea$& the cai+ "as ed outside o the 'e$iod '$e!ious& *ed- But a ta$d& cai+ +a& %e ao"ed
at the disc$e,on o the cou$t u'on sho"ing o causes o$ aiu$e to '$esent said cai+ on ,+e-

But the '$o%ate cou$ts disc$e,on in ao"ing a cai+ ae$ the $egua$ 'e$iod o$ ing cai+s %ut %eo$e ent$&
o an o$de$ o dist$i%u,on '$esu''osed not on& a cai+ o$ a''a$ent +e$it %ut aso cause#s e*isted to us,&
the ta$diness-

In the case at %a$ the aege e*cuse o$ thei$ ta$diness is the $ecent disco!e$& o the 'a'e$s o the deceased
Ba$$edo $o+ the a"&e$ "ho is aso deceased@ is insucient due to the a!aia%iit& and 3no"edge %& the
'e,,
'e,,on
one$
e$ss o the
the anno
annotata,o
,on
n at the
the %ac3
%ac3 o thethe ce$,
ce$,c
cat
ate
e as "e
"e as the
the 'a&+
'a&+enentt o Ph'2
Ph'29
9--

.he 1K+onth 'e$iod s'ecied in the Rues o Cou$t is the ,+e g$anted cai+ants ae$ the $egua$ 'e$iod o$
ing cai+s %ut %eo$e ent$& o udg+ent o an o$de$ o dist$i%u,on is to %egin $o+ the o$de$ autho$i5ing the
ing o the cai+s- It does not +ean that the e*tension o one +onth sta$ts $o+ the e*'i$a,on o the o$igina
'e$iod *ed %& the cou$t o$ the '$esenta,on o cai+s-
5. i""anueva v. ;N9 (ide)
Fa+ts: >o$
Fa+ts: >o$ the ad+inist$a,on o the estate o he$ deceased hus%and ?au$icia De ianue!a 'e,,oned the C>I
o$ Le/e$s o Ad+inist$a,on- .he 'e,,on "as set o$ hea$ing and no,ce the$eo "as 'u%ished in the ?ania
Dai& Bue,n- Ae$ the a''oint+ent and oathKta3ing o A/&- .eoduo
.eoduo Ricao$te as ad+inist$ato$
ad+inist$ato$ the Ce$3 o 
the C>I issued a No,ce to C$edito$s "hich "as 'u%ished in the ?o$ning .i+es on No!e+%e$ 16 2; and ;9
1:79 "hich e*'i$ed on No!e+%e$ 16 1:71-

On u& 29 1:7; PNB ed in the ad+inist$a,on '$oceedings a C$edito$s Cai+- .he ad+inist$ato$ o''osed
the cai+ aeging that the said cai+ is %a$$ed o$e!e$ on the g$ound that the no,ce to c$edito$s ha!ing %een
'u%ished in the ?o$ning .i+es on No!e+%e$ 16 2; and ;9 1:79 the PNB aied to e its cai+ "ithin the
,+e i+ited in the no,ce "hich "as on No!e+%e$ 16 1:71-

On No!e+%e$ 1 1:78 +o$e than ou$ () &ea$s ae$ the o''osi,on o the cai+ %& the ad+inist$ato$ ed a
Pe,,on o$ an E*tension o .i+e "ithin "hich to >ie the Cai+ o the PNB aeging a+ong othe$s that
Sec,on
Sec,on 2  Rue 8< o the Rues o Cou$t ao"s the ing o cai+s e!en i the 'e$iod stated
stated in the no,ce to
c$edito$s had ea'sed u'on cause sho"n and on such te$+s as a$e e4uita%e@ that its aiu$e to '$esent the
cai+ "ithin the 'e$iod stated in the no,ce "as its ac3 o 3no"edge o ad+inist$a,on '$oceedings- .he C>I
 SPECIAL PROCEEDINGS Case Digests (2nd Batch)

denied the 'e,,on-

'ssue: Hhethe$
'ssue: Hhethe$ o$ not the cai+ o PNB against the estate o the deceased Pascua ianue!a is a$ead&
%a$$ed-

He"d: <ES. Ad+i/ed&
<ES. Ad+i/ed& the cai+ "as ed outside
outside o the 'e$iod '$o!ided
'$o!ided o$ in the O$de$ o the C>I "ithin
"ithin
"hich to '$esent cai+s against the estate- .he 'e$iod *ed in the no,ce a'sed on No!e+%e$ 16 1:71 and
the cai+ "as ed on u& 29 1:7; o$ a%out 1 &ea$ and 8 +onths ate- .his not"ithstanding a''eant
Pagecontends
| that it did not 3no" o such ad+inist$a,on '$oceedings not e!en its e+'o&ees- It is to %e noted
that the 'e,,on o$ Le/e$s o Ad+inist$a,on and the No,ce to C$edito$s "e$e du& 'u%ished in the ?ania
Dai& Bue,n and in the ?o$ning .i+es $es'ec,!e& "hich "as a u co+'iance "ith the $e4ui$e+ents o 
the Rues- ?o$eo!e$
?o$eo!e$ the su''osed ac3 o 3no"edge o the '$oceedings on the 'a$t o PNB and its e+'o&ees
had %een %eied %& uncontested and eo4uent e!idence consis,ng o a de'osit o an a+ount o +one& %& the
ad+inist$ato$ o the estate in said Ban3- .he de'osit "as +ade on Dece+%e$ 1 1:71 in s'ite o "hich PNB
on& ed its cai+ on u& 29 1:7;- It is 4uite t$ue that the Cou$ts can e*tend the 'e$iod "ithin "hich to
'$esent cai+s against the estate e!en ae$ the 'e$iod i+ited has ea'sed@ %ut such e*tension shoud %e
g$anted unde$ s'ecia ci$cu+stances- .he o"e$ did not nd an& us,a%e $eason to gi!e the e*tension and o$
one thing the$e "as no 'e$iod to e*tend the sa+e had ea'sed-
=. ;N9 v. De i""arin (4l$in)
On u& < 1:77 PNB o%tained a udg+ent against Po$Qoio ia$in in Ci!i Case o the C>I sentencing the a/e$
to 'a& PNB su+s o +one&- On anua$&
anua$& 1:61 ia$in died in ?isa+is "ithout ea!ing an& "i- PNB cai+s to
ha!e ea$ned o his death in 1:6;- On u& 1; 1:67 PNB ed a 'e,,on in C>I o$ the issuance o e/e$s o
ad+inist$a,on o the intestate estate o ia$in since no '$oceedings o$ se/e+ent has %een ins,tuted %& the
"ido" o$ an& hei$s- On Se'te+%e$ 1:67 e/e$s o ad+inist$a,on "e$e issued to the "ido" ?$s- Pu$icacion
De ia$in as the ad+inist$at$i*-
On ?a$ch 1:66 PNB ed in C>I its cai+s against the i ntestate
ntestate estate o the deceased in the a+ount a"a$ded
in the udg+ent- .he ad+inist$at$i* ed he$ ans"e$ aeging that PNBs cai+ has '$esc$i%ed "hich i+its to 19
&ea$s "ithin "hich an ac,on to $e!i!e a udg+ent +a& %e ed (A$,ce 11 o CC)-
On Se'te+%e$
Se'te+%e$ 1:6< the son o the deceased togethe$ "ith Pu$icacion i3e"ise ed an o''osi,on that the
cai+ o PNB has %een %a$$ed %& the statute o i+ita,ons that the +one& udg+ent $eied u'on coud ha!e
%een eno$ced %& an inde'endent ci!i ac,on o$ $e!i!a o udg+ent unde$ sec,on 6 $ue ;: o ROC-
PNB counte$ed and ad+i/ed that +o$e than 19 &ea$s ha!e a$ead& ea'sed $o+ the ,+e udg+ent %eca+e
na@ ho"e!e$
ho"e!e$ the '$esc$i',!e 'e$iod "as inte$$u'ted %& the 'a$,a 'a&+ent +ade %& the udg+ent de%to$ de%to$
the ast o "hich "as on ?a$ch 1:76- PNB aso cai+s that the$e "as an ac3no"edg+ent o the de%t hence
$esu,ng to inte$$u',on- PNB cited !a$ious instances "he$ein the deceased du$ing his ie,+e and ae$ the
decision %eca+e na +ade $e'$esenta,ons to it o$ g$ace to 'a& the udg+ent c$edit- .he ad+inist$at$i*
he$se i3e"ise +ade $e'$esenta,ons to the PNB-
C>I $ende$ed a decision against PNB "he$e its cai+s ha!e a$ead& '$esc$i%ed o$ aiu$e to e a +o,on o$
e*ecu,on "ithin 7 &ea$s $o+ date o udg+ent no$ ed an ac,on to $e!i!e udg+ent "ithin 19 &ea$s $o+
date o udg+ent- 0ence this a''ea to CA
ISS=E
1- Hhethe$
Hhethe$ PNBs
PNBs cai+ consis,n
consis,ngg o +one& udg+ent
udg+ent against
against the
the deceased
deceased "hich %eca+e
%eca+e na on
August 11 1:77 coud s, %e  ed in the i ntestate
ntestate estate o the deceased ae$ 19 &ea$s o$ the
$e!i!a o the udg+ent has a$ead& a'sed
2- Has the the ca
cai+
i+ ed
ed on ,+e
,+e
0ELD
Mes- =nde$ Sec,on 6 Rue ;: o the Rues o Cou$t a udg+ent +a& %e e*ecuted on +o,on "ithin !e (7)
&ea$s $o+ the date o its ent$& o$ $o+ the date it %eco+es na and e*ecuto$&- Ae$ the a'se o such ,+e
and %eo$e it is %a$$ed %& the statute o i+ita,ons a udg+ent +a& %e eno$ced %& ac,on- PNB +aintains
that the a''ica%e 'e$iod o '$esc$i',on is not the 19K&ea$ 'e$iod o$ ing an ac,on to $e!i!e a udg+ent %ut
the 'e$iod o '$esc$i',on o$ the ing o c$edito$Js cai+ against the udg+ent de%to$Js estate unde$ Sec,on
2 Rue 86 o the Rues o Cou$t-
.he $eco$ds sho" that on u& 1; 1:67 the a''eant Ban3 ed a 'e,,on o$ the issuance o e/e$s o
ad+inist$a,on in the se/e+ent o the intestate estate
estate o Po$$io ia$in and on Se'te+%e$ 2 1:67 the
e/e$s o ad+inist$a,on "as issued in a!o$ o the "ido" o Po$$io- I the +one& udg+ent o%tained %& PNB
against Po$$io ia$in %eca+e na and e*ecuto$& on August 11 1:77 it has u' to August 11 1:67 to e an
ac,on to $e!i!e the udg+ent- 0o"e!e$ a''eant Ban3 did not actua& e an ac,on to $e!i!e the +one&
 udg+ent %ut a cai+ against the estate
estate o the deceased on ?a$ch : 1:66-
Mes- Hhen PNB ed a 'e,,on o$ the issuance o e/e$s o ad+inist$a,on sta,ng the$ein that it "as one o
the c$edito$s o the estate o the deceased it can %e conside$ed that the Ban3 has +ade 3no"n its cai+
against it and since the ao$esaid 'e,,on "as ed "ithin the 19K&ea$ '$esc$i',!e 'e$iod o$ the $e!i!a o the
+one& udg+ent in 4ues,on a''eant Ban3 +a& %e dee+ed to ha!e ed its cai+ on ,+e- In eect the
 SPECIAL PROCEEDINGS Case Digests (2nd Batch)

ing o the 'e,,on o$ the issuance o e/e$s o ad+inist$a,on is the $st conc$ete ste' to ta3e so that the
c$edito$s o the estate o the deceased +a& %e 3no"n and $ecogni5ed- Once a c$edito$ has ed a 'e,,on o$
the issuance o e/e$s o ad+inist$a,on the cou$t sha issue e/e$s o ad+inist$a,on to a 4uaied 'e$son-
I++ediate& ae$ the g$an,ng o the e/e$s o ad+inist$a,on the cou$t sha issue no,ce $e4ui$ing a 'e$sons
ha!ing +one& cai+s against the decedent to e the+ "ith the ce$3 o cou$t- In the no,ce the cou$t sha
state the ,+e o$ the ing o the cai+s against the estate "hich sha not %e +o$e than t"e!e (12) no$ ess
than si* (6) +onths ae$ the date o $st 'u%ica,on o the no,ce --- I++ediate& ae$ the no,ce is issued to
c$edito$s the ad+inist$ato$ sha cause the no,ce to %e 'u%ished o$ th$ee (;) consecu,!e "ee3s successi!e&
Pagein| the
7 ne"s'a'e$ o gene$a ci$cua,on in the '$o!ince and to %e 'osted o$ the sa+e 'e$iod in ou$ 'u%ic
'aces in the '$o!ince and in t"o 'u%ic 'aces in +unici'ait& "he$e the decedent ast $esided-
In the case %eo$e us the$e is no sho"ing that the o"e$ cou$t has issued a no,ce $e4ui$ing a 'e$sons ha!ing
an& cai+ against the decedent to e the+ "ith the ce$3 o cou$t- But e!en %eo$e the o"e$ cou$t coud issue
such no,ce to a c$edito$s o the estate a''eant Ban3 ed on ?a$ch : 1:66 its o$+a cai+ against the
estate o the decedent- At $st it "oud a''ea$ that the ing o the cai+ on ?a$ch : 1:66 "as a$ead& out
o ,+e %ecause it "as ed +o$e than se!en +onths ae$ the tenK&ea$ '$esc$i',!e 'e$iod o$ $e!i!ing the
+one& udg+ent has '$esc$i%ed- 0o"e!e$ conside$ing that the a''eant Ban3 has a$ead& ed a 'e,,on o$
the issuance o e/e$s o ad+inist$a,on in the se/e+ent o the intestate estate o the decedent on u& 1;
1:67 "hich is "ithin the 19K&ea$ 'e$iod the ing o the o$+a cai+ on ?a$ch : 1:66 can %e +ade to
$et$oact to the date "hen the 'e,,on o$ e/e$s o ad+inist$a,on "as ed "ith the o"e$ cou$t %ecause that
"as actua& the ,+e the a''eant %an3 had +ade 3no"n to the cou$t that it has a cai+ against the estate o
the deceased- And thus ha!ing +ade 3no"n on ,+e its cai+ against the estate o the deceased %& +eans o
its 'e,,on o$ the issuance o e/e$s o ad+inist$a,on in the se/e+ent o the intestate estate o Po$$io
ia$in this the cou$t has gi!en a''eant Ban3 sucient cause o ac,on to asse$t i ts cai+ against the estate
o the deceased-
>. Aguas et a". . Fernande? (4lex)
Fa+ts:
 So+e,+e in ?a$ch 1:69 s's- >ei* Gua$dino and ?a$ia Aguas ed an ac,on o$ $eco!e$& o 
da+ages %eo$e the C>I o Sa+a$ against 0e$+ogenes Le+os a!e$$ing that the a/e$ had se$!ed
the+ %& $egiste$ed +ai "ith a co'& o a 'e,,on o$ a "$it o 'ossession on& to disco!e$ in cou$t
that no such 'e,,on had %een ed-
 0o"e!e$ the deendant (Le+os) died %eo$e ans"e$ing the co+'aint against hi+ a +onth ae$ the
said co+'aint "as ed-
 .he 'ain,s a+ended thei$ co+'aint and incuded the hei$s o the deceased and thei$ cai+s o$
da+ages %e cha$gea%e against the estate o the deceased-
 Pain,s a$gue "ith conside$a%e cogenc& that cont$as,ng the co$$eated '$o!isions o the Rues o 
Cou$t those conce$ning cai+s that a$e %a$$ed i not ed in the estate se/e+ent '$oceedings (Rue
8< sec- 7) and those dening ac,ons that su$!i!e and +a& %e '$osecuted against the e*ecuto$ o$
ad+inist$ato$ (Rue 88 sec- 1) it is a''a$ent that ac,ons o$ da+ages caused %& to$,ous conduct o 
a deendant (as in the case at %a$) su$!i!e the death o the a/e$-
 .he hei$s o Le+os then ed a ?o,on to Dis+iss the co+'aint-
 .he cou$t dis+issed the co+'aint on the g$ound that the hei$s shoud not %e a 'a$t& in the
co+'aint and instead a ega $e'$esenta,!e shoud ha!e %een +ade a 'a$t& in the sa+e-

'SSUE: Do the 'ain,s ha!e ega 'e$sonai,es to e thei$ cai+s o$ da+ages against the estate o$ can the&
%e 'a$,esK inKinte$est in the se/e+ent o estate '$oceedings to secu$e thei$ cai+

HELD: N&

Rue 88 sec,on 1 enu+e$ates ac,ons that su$!i!e against a decedentJs e*ecuto$s o$ ad+inist$ato$s and the&
a$e (1) ac,ons to $eco!e$ $ea and 'e$sona '$o'e$t& $o+ the estate@ (2) ac,ons to eno$ce a ien the$eon@
and (;) ac,ons to $eco!e$ da+ages o$ an inu$& to 'e$son o$ '$o'e$t&- .he '$esent suit is one o$ da+ages
unde$ the ast cass it ha!ing %een hed that inu$& to '$o'e$t& is not i+ited to inu$ies to s'ecic '$o'e$t&
%ut e*tends to othe$ "$ongs %& "hich 'e$sona estate is inu$ed o$ di+inished- .o +aicious& cause a 'a$t& to
incu$ unnecessa$& e*'enses as cha$ged in this case is ce$tain& inu$ious to that 'a$t&Js '$o'e$t&- .hus the
'ain,s ac,on is not '$o'e$ to %e ed against the estate o the deceased "ith $es'ect to the a%o!eK
+en,oned $ue- Instead it can %e ed against the e*ecuto$ o ad+inist$ato$ o the estate as a con,ngent
cai+-
@. era et a". . Fernande? (5an)
>AC.S
T .he case in!o!es an a''ea $o+ 2 o$de$s (1) Dis+issa o the ?o,on o$ Ao"ance o Cai+ and an
 SPECIAL PROCEEDINGS Case Digests (2nd Batch)

O$de$ o Pa&+ent o .a*es against the Estate o the ate Luis .ongo& o$ decienc& inco+e ta*es o 
the decedent incuding su$cha$ge inte$ests and 'ena,es (2) Denia o ?R o O$de$ o Dis+issa
T BIR Pe,,one$s cai+ $e'$esents the inde%tedness to the go!e$n+ent o the ate Luis .ongo& o$ the
decienc& inco+e ta*es e!idenced %& a P$oo o Cai+-
T .he estates ad+inist$ato$ o''osed the cai+ on the %asis o Sec- 7 Rue 86 o the ROC-
T Res'ondent udge dis+issed Ps cai+ (o$de$ 1) and u'on ing a +o,on o$ $econside$a,on denied
the sa+e (o$de$ 2)-

PageISS=E
| 6 HON the Statute o NonKCai+s Sec- 7 Rue 86 o ROC %a$s he BIRs cai+ o$ un'aid ta*es

0ELD No the$eo$e the o$de$ is REERSED

BASIS O> REERSAL

T CIR !- Iagan Assess+ent coec,on and $eco!e$& o ta*es as "e as the +a/e$ o '$esc$i',on the$eo 
a$e go!e$ned %& the '$o!isions o the NIRC Sec- ;;1 and ;;2 not %& othe$ '$o!isions o a"- E!en
"ithout %eing s'ecica& +en,oned the '$o!isions o Sec- 2 Rue 86 o the ROC +a& $easona%& %e
'$esu+ed to ha!e %een aso in the +ind o the Cou$t as not aec,ng the ao$ecited sec,on o the NIRC
T Pineda !- C>I .a*es assessed against the estate o a deceased 'e$son need not %e su%+i/ed to the
co++i/ee on cai+s in the o$dina$& cou$se o ad+inist$a,on- In the e*e$cise o its cont$o o!e$ the
ad+inist$ato$ the cou$t +a& di$ect the 'a&+ent o such ta*es u'on +o,on sho"ing that the ta*es ha!e
%een assessed against the estateU***UCai+s o$ ta*es +a& %e coected e!en ae$ the dist$i%u,on o the
decedents estate a+ong his hei$s "ho sha %e ia%e the$eo$e in '$o'o$,on o thei$ sha$e in the
inhe$itance- Reason o$ i%e$ait& Lie%ood .heo$& (&un oV)
T Pineda !- C>I Su'$a Sec- ;17 o NIRC states that 'a&+ent o inco+e ta* sha %e a ien in a!o$ o the
go!e$n+ent $o+ the ,+e the assess+ent "as +ade un, u& 'aid- B& !i$tue o such ien this Cou$t
hed that the '$o'e$t& o the estate a$ead& in the hands o an hei$ o$ t$anse$ee +a& %e su%ect to the
'a&+ent o the ta* due the estate-
T Beo$e the inhe$itance has 'assed to the hei$s the un'aid ta*es due the decedent +a& %e coected e!en
"ithout its ha!ing %een '$esented unde$ Sec- 2 o Rue 86- =n, the '$o'e$t& o the estate o the
decedent has !ested in the hei$s the decedent $e'$esented %& his estate con,nues as i he "e$e s,
ai!e su%ect to the 'a&+ent o such ta*es as "oud %e coec,%e $o+ the estate e!en ae$ his death-
.hus the inco+e ta*es sought to %e coected "e$e due $o+ the estate o$ the &ea$s 1:6K1:8
oo"ing his death in ?a& 1:7-
T E!en i the cai+s o$ ta*es ha!e to %e ed "ithin the ,+e '$esc$i%ed %& Sec- 2 Rue 86 the cai+ in
4ues,on +a& %e ed e!en ae$ the e*'i$a,on o the ,+e o$igina& *ed the$ein- P ed an a''ica,on
ae$ the e*'i$a,on o the ,+e '$e!ious& i+ited %ut %eo$e an o$de$ o the dist$i%u,on is ente$ed "hich
the cou$t shoud ha!e g$anted-
T H0ERE>ORE the o$de$ a''eaed $o+ is REERSED-
. Gota0+o v. C,an Seng (ebb)
 Fa+ts
o Antonio .an'oco died in the &ea$ 1:29 and e a "i di!iding his estate o o!e$ P;99999
a+ong ou$ sons oneKha o "hich he %e4ueathed to .an i+ 0ong the cai+ant "ho+
he desc$i%ed in his "i as his egi,+ate son and the othe$ ha he e in e4ua sha$es to
his th$ee ado'ted sons .an i+co .an i+%io and .an i+ Choo and a''ointed Go Siu
San a $esident o ?ania as e*ecuto$ o his "i "hich '$o!ided that no %ond shoud %e
$e4ui$ed-
o ."o Chinese na+ed .an i+ La& and .e Sue one o .a$ac and the othe$ o ?ania "e$e
a''ointed and 4uaied as co++issione$s and ate$ the& 'u%ished the usua no,ce to
c$edito$s to '$esent thei$ cai+s "ithin si* +onths at the oce o A/o$ne& ?- G- Go&ena
o ?ania-
o .he co++issione$s '$esented thei$ $e'o$t to the cou$t in "hich a+ong othe$s the&
$e'o$ted the ao"ance o the cai+ he$e in 4ues,on- At the ,+e a o the hei$s incuding
.an i+ 0ong "e$e +ino$s and had i!ed in China since the death o Antonio .an'oco as
aso had the "ido" o the deceased-
o Hhen such $e'o$t has %een ed the e*ecuto$ ed a +o,on as3ing o$ the a''oint+ent
o an a/o$ne& o his o"n choice as curador   ad ite+ o$ the +ino$ hei$s "hich a+ong
othe$ things that the hei$s "ho a$e inte$ested in the estate o the a%o!e en,ted ac,on
a$e a +ino$s to "it .an i+co age 29@.an i+ 0ong age 12@ .an i+%io age 11@ and .an
i+ Choo age @ and that a the a%o!e hei$s a$e no" in China and the da& o thei$ $etu$n
to the Isands is un3no"n to the ad+inist$ato$ o the estate "hich cou$t igno$ed %ut
a''ointed ?$- Canias "ho conside$ed such a''oint+ent as on& o$+ait& such that he
did not +a3e an& in!es,ga,ons the$eo and hence the $e'o$t "as a''$o!ed-
 SPECIAL PROCEEDINGS Case Digests (2nd Batch)

o In Se'te+%e$ 1:22 the& a$$i!ed i n ?ania and e+'o&ed counse to $e'$esent and '$otect
thei$ inte$est and it "as then that Chan Seng ea$ned o$ the $st ,+e o the ao"ance o 
the cai+ in a!o$ o .an i+ 0ong- ='on he$ +o,on on No!e+%e$ 2< 1:22 udge
0a$!e& o$de$ed an in!es,ga,on o the ad+inist$a,on o Go Siu San as e*ecuto$ "hich "as
+ade %& ?$- >ei'e Canias "ho s, hed the 'osi,on o cu$ado$ ad ite+ o a the +ino$
hei$s incuding the cai+ant "ho +ade a "$i/en $e'o$t to the cou$t-
o .he $e'o$t concuded "ith a $eco++enda,on o$ the $e+o!a o the e*ecuto$ o$ g$oss
+isconduct and $aud and the annu+ent o the cai+ o .an i+ 0ong- Ae$ the $e'o$t
Page | < "as ed a hea$ing "as had and tes,+on& "as ta3en and udge 0a$!e& $e+o!ed Go Siu
San as e*ecuto$ and in his o$de$ o $e+o!a a+ong othe$ things said that co++issione$s
.e Sue and that he had not $ecei!ed an& cai+@
o .hat the cai+s "hich a''ea$s in the $e'o$t "e$e ta3en $o+ the %oo3s o the %usiness o 
the deceased Antonio .an'oco@ ne!e$theess the cai+ o .an Peng Sue does not a''ea$
in the $e'o$t o these co++issione$s on cai+s athough it a''ea$s in the %oo3s and "as
ae$"a$ds acce'ted %& the co++issione$s ast a''ointed-
o Ae$ such '$oceedings nothing "as u$the$ done un, No!e+%e$ 1 1:2; "hen the
'$esent ad+inist$ato$ a''ied to the cou$t o$ autho$it& a+ong othe$ things to 'a& the
cai+ in 4ues,on to "hich the a''eee a''ea$ed and o%ected- .he cou$t denied the
a''ica,on o the '$esent gua$dian to the cai+ant to $e4ui$e the ad+inist$ato$ to 'a& the
cai+ in 4ues,on u'on the g$ound that it "as !oid and c,,ous $o+ "hich .an i+ 0ong
a''eas contending that the o"e$ cou$t e$$ed in hea$ing and sustaining the o%ec,ons to
the ao"ance o the cai+ and in den&ing the +o,on o the ad+inist$ato$ o$ autho$it& to
'a& the cai+ aeging that the $e'o$t o the co++i/ee ao"ing the cai+ "as +ade and
ed on une 2: 1:21 and contends that it %eca+e auto+a,ca& na on u& 1 1:21@
o .hat the o''onent shoud ha!e +ade he$ o''osi,on "ithin the ,+e s'ecied in the Code
and that he$ aiu$e to ta3e the statuto$& a''ea is a %a$ to a deenses ci,ng and $e&ing
u'on the case o De os Santos !s- Re&es-

 'ssue: Hhethe$ o$ not the cai+ "as ,+e& ed and '$esented and that such ing %eca+e na-
 He"d: NO- .he cou$t ound as a act that in the De os Santos !s- Re&es case su'$a the$e "as a
su%stan,a co+'iance "ith a o the statuto$& $e4ui$e+ents and the decision in that case "as
%ased u'on that act- But the$e is a +a$3ed dis,nc,on %et"een the acts the$e and those in the
instant case-
o 0e$e a o the 'a$,es in inte$est "e$e +ino$s- .he e!idence is concusi!e that at the ,+e
the aeged cai+ "as ao"ed .an i+ 0ong "as on& t"e!e &ea$s o age and that a o 
the othe$ 'a$,es "e$e +ino$s- .he$e is no cai+ o$ '$etense that .an i+ 0ong had a
gua$dian o$ that an&one had the ega autho$it& to a''ea$ o$ and '$esent his cai+ o$ to
$e'$esent hi+ o$ that his cai+ "as e!e$ '$esented- .he$e is no cai+ o$ '$etense that an&
o the 'a$,es in inte$est had an& 3no"edge o the act that the cai+ "as '$esented and
ao"ed %eo$e the& ca+e to ?ania $o+ China in Se'te+%e$ 1:22- As a +a/e$ o act
the$e is no e!idence that the cai+ in 4ues,on in an& +anne$ sha'e o$ o$+ "as e!e$
'$esented to the co++issione$s %& an&one-

o >o$ aught that a''ea$s in the $eco$d the cai+ "as ao"ed %& the co++issione$s on thei$
o"n +o,on and o thei$ o"n !oi,on- It aso a''ea$s that the ent$ies "hich "e$e +ade in
the %oo3s o the deceased "e$e +ade %& his %oo33ee'e$ and the$e is nothing to sho"
that the& "e$e +ade %& the autho$it& o the deceased- It is !e$& signicant that the "i o 
the deceased "as +ade so+e,+e ae$ the ent$ies "e$e +ade and that no $ee$ence
"hate!e$ is +ade in the "i to the cai+ in 4ues,on- A udg+ent is the a"Js ast "o$d in a
 udicia cont$o!e$s&- It +a& the$eo$e %e dened as the na conside$a,on and
dete$+ina,on o a cou$t o co+'etent u$isdic,on u'on the +a/e$ ssu%+i/ed to it in an
ac,on o$ '$oceeding- A +o$e '$ecise deni,on is that a udg+ent is the concusion o the
a" u'on the +a/e$s contained in the $eco$d o$ the a''ica,on o the a" to the
'eadings and to the acts as ound %& the cou$t o$ ad+i/ed %& the 'a$,es o$ dee+ed to
e*ist u'on thei$ deaut in a cou$se o udicia '$oceedings- It shoud %e noted that on& is a
 udg+ent "hich is '$onounced %et"een the 'a$,es to an ac,on u'on the +a/e$s
su%+i/ed to the cou$t o$ decision- - --In the instant case the$e "as not cai+ +ade ed
o$ '$esented %& an&one- Lega& s'ea3ing the ao"ance o the cai+ "oud %e i3e
$ende$ing a udg+ent "ithout the ing o a co+'aint o$ e!en the +a3ing o$
'$esent+ent o a cai+- ='on the acts sho"n to egai5e the ao"ance o the cai+ "ith
a o the o$+ai,es and $e4uisites o a na udg+ent "oud %e a t$a!est& u'on us,ce- It
a''ea$s $o+ the $eco$d %eo$e us that the co++issione$s did not ha!e an& u$isdic,on to
 SPECIAL PROCEEDINGS Case Digests (2nd Batch)

ao" the cai+@ that as to the cai+ in 4ues,on thei$ '$oceedings "e$e nu and !oid a%
ini,o and hence the& "e$e not $es udicata and in addi,on to that it cea$& a''ea$s that
the ao"ance o the cai+ "as a $aud u'on the a''eee- A$+ed-
*. ;aredes v. Mo3a (Gian)
67T 454*84%89 
1B. 'gna+io et a". v. ;a0!anga 9us Co. (2hai) Rue ; SEC- 21-
FACTS: In a suit to coect P1973 u'on a cont$actua o%iga,on ed %& Pa+'anga Bus (PA?B=SCO) against 2 ?here claim does not 
deendants aen,n >e$nando and Enca$nacion Echico !da- De >e$nando Enca$nacion died at the ,+e sur$i$e- W Hhen the
PagePA?B=SCO
|8 a$ead& '$esented its case- Intestate '$oceedings "e$e ed- No,ce to the estateJs c$edito$s "as ac,on is o$ $eco!e$&
gi!en o$ the+ to e thei$ cai+s "ithin si* (6) +onths- o +one& de%t o$
inte$est the$eon and
On Pa+%uscoJs +o,on the cou$t in the ci!i case o$de$ed ose Nicoas then ad+inist$ato$ to su%s,tute o$ the deendant dies
the deceased Enca$nacion Echico da- de >e$nando as one o the deendants- ose Nicoas as such %eo$e na udg+ent
ad+inist$ato$ ed an a+ended ans"e$ "ith counte$cai+ against Pa+%usco- in the Cou$t o >i$st
Instance it sha %e
Ae$ t$ia on the +e$its the C>I o ?ania $ende$ed udg+ent in a!o$ o the 'ain, and against the dis+issed to %e
deendants o$de$ing the a/e$ to 'a& the o$+e$ the su+ o P:;3- Counte$cai+ dis+issed- CA A>>IR?ED- '$osecuted in the
+anne$ es'ecia&
Both deendants a''eaed %& cerorari to this Cou$t- aen,n >e$nandoJs a''ea "as dis+issed o$ ha!ing '$o!ided in these
%een ed out o ,+e- .he a''ea o the estate o Enca$nacion Echico da- de >e$nando $aising issues o act $ues-
i3e"ise dis+issed-

.he udg+ent in the ci!i case ha!ing $eached nait& Pa+%usco +o!ed in the intestate '$oceedings that the
hei$s and#o$ the '$esent oint ad+inist$at$ices Na#vidad E. 'gna+io and Leonor E. A"0a?an  %e o$de$ed to 'a&
:;<,=>>.>>, the share of the deceased in the udgment debt -

.he ad+inist$at$ices o''osed- G$ound Pa+%uscoJs cai+ is ,+eK%a$$ed-

;&9ATE C&UT: ao"s said a+ount o P6799-99 to %e 'aid %& the hei$s and#o$ the oint ad+inist$at$ices@
%ut no 'a&+ent the$eo sha %e +ade un, ae$ the ad+inist$at$ices sha ha!e ino$+ed the Cou$t in "$i,ng
as to the e*istence o othe$ unse/ed +one& cai+s against the estate and o the sucienc& o the assets
a!aia%e o$ 'a&+ent o a the de%ts-

'SSUE: Has Pa+%uscoJs cai+ '$o'e$& ad+i/ed %& the '$o%ate cou$t

HELD: <ES. &rder o( "o4er +ourt ar0ed.

Rue ; Sec-21 o $ues o cou$t e*'ains that u'on the death o deendant a +one& cai+s shoud %e ed in
the testate o$ inte$state '$oceedings to a!oid useess du'icit& o '$ocedu$e-O%!ious& the ega '$ece't ust
4uoted is '$ocedu$a in natu$e- It outines the +ethod %& "hich an ac,on o$ $eco!e$& o +one& de%t o$
inte$est +a& con,nue u'on the te$+s the$ein '$esc$i%ed-

But is the$e us,ca,on o$ the ci!i case to go on in s'ite o the death o Enca$nacion Echico da- de
>e$nando %eo$e na udg+ent in the Cou$t o >i$st Instance

At the ,+e o the death o deendant Enca$nacion Echico da- de >e$nando 'ain, Pa+%usco had a$ead&
cosed its e!idence and su%+i/ed its case- er a'ministrator su%s&tute'. * this su%s&tu&on, the estate ha' 
no&"e of the "laim. The estate +as thus re!resente'. T he ad+inist$ato$ did not co+'ain o the su%s,tu,on-
At no ,+e did the estate o the deceased i+'ugn the autho$it& o the $egua$ cou$ts to dete$+ine the ci!i
case- No" that the udg+ent has %eco+e na the estate cannot %e hea$d to sa& that said udg+ent W
$eached ae$ a u d$ess t$ia on the +e$its W "i no" go o$ naught- .he estate has thus "ai!ed its $ight to
ha!e Pa+%uscoJs cai+ $eKi,gated in the estate '$oceedings- For) t,oug, !resent0ent o( !robate +"ai0s is
i0!era#ve) it is genera""3 understood t,at it 0a3 be 4aived %* the estates re!resenta&-e . And "ai!e$ is to
%e dete$+ined $o+ the a'ministrators a"ts an' "on'u"t.  Ce$tain& the ad+inist$ato$Js (ai"ure to !"ead t,e
statute o( non+"ai0s) ,is a+#ve !ar#+i!a#on) and resistan+e to !"ain#$s +"ai0  in the ci!i suit a+ount to
such "ai!e$-

A''eantsJ technica o%ec,on W ae$ udg+ent had %eco+e na in the ci!i case W that 'ain,Js cai+
shoud ha!e %een i,gated in the '$o%ate cou$t does not i+'ai$ the !aidit& o said udg+ent- >o$ such
o%ec,on does not go into the cou$tJs u$isdic,on o!e$ the su%ect +a/e$-

It +a/e$s not that Pa+%uscoJs said cai+ "as ed "ith the '$o%ate cou$t "ithout the si*K+onth
 SPECIAL PROCEEDINGS Case Digests (2nd Batch)

'e$iod $o+ ?a$ch 27 1:77 set o$th in the no,ce to c$edito$s- >o$ Sec,on 2 Rue 86 'e$+its
acce'tance o such %eated cai+s- Sa&s Sec,on 2 18

SEC- 2- Time within which claims shall be l ed - W In the no,ce '$o!ided in the '$eceding sec,on the
cou$t sha state the ,+e o$ the ing o cai+s against the estate "hich sha not %e +o$e than
t"e!e (12) no$ ess than si* (6) +onths ae$ the date o the $st 'u%ica,on o the no,ce- 0o"e!e$
at an& ,+e %eo$e an o$de$ o dist$i%u,on is ente$ed on a''ica,on o a c$edito$ "ho has aied to
Page | :
e his cai+ "ithin the ,+e '$e!ious& i+ited the cou$t +a& o$ cause sho"n and on such te$+s as
a$e e4uita%e ao" such cai+ to %e ed "ithin a tune not e*ceeding one (1) +onth-

0e$e the cai+ "as ed in the '$o%ate cou$t on >e%$ua$& 27 1:7: "hie the deendants in the ci!i  case "e$e
s, 'e$ec,ng thei$ a''ea the$ein- .he $eco$d does not sho" that the ad+inist$ato$ o%ected the$eto u'on
the g$ound that it "as ed out o ,+e- .he 'endenc& o that case "e a$e 'e$suaded to sa& is a good e*cuse
o$ ta$diness in the ing o the cai+- 1: And the o$de$ o na dist$i%u,on is s, to %e gi!en-
11. 9a+,ra+, Motor v. 'n+aranga" (3ie)
FACTS: Deendant e*ecuted in a!ou$ o o Bach$ach a '$o+isso$& note and e*ecuted a $ea estate +o$tgage on
a 'a$ce o and- Inca$inga deauted in the 'a&+ent o the +onth& insta+ents@ '$o+',ng 'ain, to
ins,tute an ac,on o$ the coec,on o the a+ount due on the note-

R.C $ued in a!ou$ o Bach$ach and issued a "$it o e*ecu,on- .he she$i e!ied on the '$o'e$,es o the
deendants incuding the +o$tgaged '$o'e$t& in a!ou$ o 'ain,- O$ienta Co++e$cia inte$'osed a thi$dK
'a$t& cai+ aeging that a '$e!ious "$it o e*ecu,on "as issued on its a!ou$ o!e$ the sa+e '$o'e$t& and it
a$ead& ac4ui$ed the sa+e at a 'u%ic auc,on-

.he$eo$e the udg+ent in a!ou$ o Bach$ach $e+ained unsa,sed- Pain, ins,tuted an ac,on to o$ecose
the +o$tgage "hich the R.C dis+issed-

'SSUE: HON Pain, is %a$$ed $o+ o$ecosing the $ea estate +o$tgage ae$ it has eected to sue and o%tain
a 'e$sona udg+ent against the deendant on the '$o+isso$& note-

HELD: Mes- ?ost o ou$ $ues on ci!i '$ocedu$e a$e taed $o+ that o Caio$nia and in that u$isdic,on the
$ue has a"a&s %een@ that a 'a$t& "ho sues and o%tains a 'e$sona udg+ent against a deendant u'on a note
"ai!es the$e%& his $ight to o$ecose the +o$tgage secu$ing it-

Sec,on <98 o ou$ Code o Ci!e P$ocedu$e '$o!ides that a c$edito$ hoding a cai+ against the deceased
secu$ed %& a +o$tgage o$ othe$ coate$a secu$it& has to eect %et"een eno$cing such secu$it& o$ a%andoning
it %& '$esen,ng his cai+ %eo$e the co++i/ee and sha$e in the gene$a assets o the estate- .he$eo$e i the
'ain, eects one o the 2 $e+edies '$ocided he "ai!es the othe$ and i he ais he ais u/e$&-

Aso the $ue against the s'iFng o a singe cause o ac,on is a''ica%e in the case at %a$- A 'a$t& cannot s'it
a singe cause o ac,on into 'a$ts and sue on each 'a$t se'a$ate&- >o$ nonK'a&+ent o a note secu$ed %& a
+o$tgage the c$edito$ has a singe cause o ac,on against the de%to$- .his singe cause o ac,on consists in
the $eco!e$& o the c$edit "ith e*ecu,on o secu$it&- In othe$ "o$ds the c$edito$ +a& +a3e t"o de+ands@ (1)
'a&+ent and (2) o$ecosu$e- But %oth de+ands a$ise $o+ the sa+e cause the nonK'a&+ent o the de%t
"hich is a singe cause o ac,on-
12. Soriano v. ;arsons (ide)
Fa+ts: Pa$sons "as the hode$ o t"o (2) +o$tgage deeds o!e$ ou$ 'a$ces o $egiste$ed and e*ecuted %& the
s'ouses Ca$o So$iano and I$ene Xuiao- Ae$ So$ianos death 'ain,Ka''eant Xui$ino So$iano "as
a''ointed ad+inist$ato$ o the estate o the o$+e$- In the '$oceeding o$ the se/e+ent o the estate o the
deceased So$iano Pa$sons ed a YCon,ngent Cai+ Against the EstateZ on the %asis o the !a$ious de%ts
o"ing to it %& the So$iano s'ouses incuding the ones co!e$ed %& the t"o (2) ao$e+en,oned $ea estate
+o$tgages- Pa$ag$a'h 7 o the said 'eading states that Pa$sons $eies u'on the t"o (2) $ea estate +o$tgages
o$ the sa,sac,on o its cai+s %ut it ne!e$theess $ese$!es its $ight to e a Con,ngent Cai+ o$ "hate!e$
a+ount that +a& %e e unsa,sed ae$ udicial foreclosure o the t "o (2) $ea estate +o$tgages-

>ou$ &ea$s ate$ Pa$sons sent a e/e$ to the she$i $e4ues,ng hi+ to o$ecose the +o$tgages extra@udicially 
'u$suant to the te$+s o the +o$tgage deeds- Ac,ng on the $e4uest the she$i schedued the 'u%ic auc,on
sae o the encu+%e$ed '$o'e$,es- .h$ee da&s '$io$ to the schedued date o the sae Pa$sons togethe$ "ith
Xui$ino So$iano and the "ido" I$ene Xuiao $e4uested o$ the 'ost'one+ent o the auc,on sae to a ate$
 SPECIAL PROCEEDINGS Case Digests (2nd Batch)

date- .he $e4uest "as g$anted- .he$eae$ the 'u%ic sae "as hed as schedued-

One &ea$ ae$ the 'u%ic sae Xui$ino So$iano in his ca'acit& as the ad+inist$ato$ o the intestate estate o 
Ca$o So$iano odged a co+'aint o$ annu+ent o a o$ecosu$e sae $eco!e$& o the +o$tgaged '$o'e$,es
su%ect o said sae and da+ages in the C>I- Xui$ino So$iano a$gues that the o$ecosu$e sae "as !oid as
Pa$sons ha!ing '$e!ious& eected to 'u$sue its cai+ in the intestate '$oceedings coud not in a" %e
'e$+i/ed to instead 'u$sue the $e+ed& o e*t$aKudicia o$ecosu$e-
Page |.he
19C>I dis+issed the co+'aint-

'ssue: Hhethe$ o$ not unde$ Sec,on < o Rue 86 o the Rues o Cou$t the ing o the YCon,ngent Cai+Z %&
Pa$sons in the intestate '$oceeding cons,tuted a %a$ to the e*t$aKudicia o$ecosu$e sae the$eae$ had-

He"d: N&. .he$e is no dou%t that Pa$sons eected the second $e+ed& unde$ Sec,on < o Rue 86 o the Rues o 
Cou$t- But eec,on %& the c$edito$ o an& o the th$ee (;) o',ons is not u$isdic,ona and as ong as no
'osi,!e o$"a$d ste' has %een ta3en %& hi+ in the 'u$suance o the o',on seected he is not '$ecuded $o+
d$o''ing the o',on a$ead& chosen and $eso$,ng to an& o the t"o othe$ o',ons a!aia%e to hi+-

Sec,on < o Rue 86 does no +o$e than '$o!ide the +o$tgageKc$edito$ in the inte$est o s'eed& o$de$& and
ine*'ensi!e se/e+ent o the estate o a decedent a choice o one o th$ee cou$ses o ac,on o$ the
sa,sac,on o its oan 'o$Qoio- An en,$e& dis,nct and inde'endent act to %e 'e$o$+ed in cono$+it& "ith
'$ocedu$es aid do"n %& the Legisatu$e o$ %& the Su'$e+e Cou$t is s, necessa$& to eectuate and achie!e
the $e+ed& eected- .hus in this case the +e$e act that Pa$sons o$+a& ino$+ed the intestate cou$t that it
"as eec,ng to o$ecose udicia& its +o$tgages did not auto+a,ca& o'e$ate as autho$it& o$ the cou$t to
+otu '$o'$io 'ut into +o,on the +achine$& necessa$& o$ the udicia o$ecosu$e o the said secu$i,es- It "as
indis'ensa%e o$ Pa$sons to e an inde'endent co+'aint o$ that s'ecic 'u$'ose- Pa$sons did no +o$e than
signi& its eec,on o an o',on-
18. De Los e3es v. CF' (4l$in)
/ACTS0 Benito Deos Re&es and "ie ed a 'e,,on o$ the "$it o ce$,o$a$i in this cou$t o$ the 'u$'ose o 
4uashing an o$de$ o C>I o Batangas g$an,ng an a/ach+ent o '$o'e$t& %eonging to the 'ain,s (Chua Pua
0e$+anos)-

ISS1E0 Hhethe$ in a '$oceeding to o$ecose a +o$tgage u'on and the cou$t ente$taining such '$oceeding
can issue an a/ach+ent against othe$ '$o'e$t& o the deendants than such as is incuded in the +o$tgage
u'on a sho"ing %& ada!it that the +o$tgage '$o'e$t& is insucient to 'a& the +o$tgage de%t and that the
deendants a$e a/e+',ng to aienate thei$ un+o$tgaged '$o'e$t& to othe$ 'e$sons "ith intent to de$aud the
'ain,-

E30 <es. .ha!ie cou$t has such autho$it&- .he ada!it acco+'an&ing the a''ica,on o$ a/ach+ent sho"s
in cono$+it& "ith the $e4ui$e+ent o sec,on 26 o the Code o Ci!i P$ocedu$e that the !aue o the
+o$tgaged '$o'e$t& is not sucient to sa,s& the de%t- In addi,on to this it is aeged in the ada!it that the
deendants a$e a/e+',ng to dis'ose o thei $ othe$ '$o'e$t& +eaning '$o'e$t& not +o$tgaged to the 'ain,
"ith intent to de$aud the 'ain,- .his is in cono$+it& "ith the $e4ui$e+ent o su%sec,on 7 o sec,on 12 o 
the Code o Ci!i P$ocedu$e-

=nde$ sec,on 2 o the Code o Ci!i P$ocedu$e an a/ach+ent +a& %e o%tained at o$ ae$ the
co++ence+ent o the 'ain,Js ac,on- .he "o$d ac,on as used in this '$o!ision incudes in the cou$ts
o'inion a '$oceeding o$ the o$ecose o a +o$tgage- .his is o cou$se di$ected '$i+a$i& to the '$o'e$t&
co!e$ed %& the +o$tgage %ut unde$ sec,on 269 o the Code o Ci!i P$ocedu$e the +o$tgage c$edito$ is
en,ted to udg+ent o$ an& e*cess $e+aining due u'on the +o$tgage de%t ae$ the +o$tgaged '$o'e$t& sha
ha!e %een sod@ and this udg+ent o$ the %aance due is ente$ed u'on +o,on in the o$ecosu$e '$oceeding
itse- .his act ta3en in connec,on "ith the state+ent o the ada!it to the eect that the +o$tgaged
'$o'e$t& "as insucient in !aue to co!e$ the inde%tedness due to the 'ain, +ade a case "he$e it "as
'$o'e$ to g$ant an a/ach+ent u'on the acts stated-

It $esuts that the t$ia cou$t did not act i$$egua$& in e*cess o its u$isdic,on in g$an,ng the a/ach+ent-
15. e!ub"i+ v. Couang+o (4lex)
 SPECIAL PROCEEDINGS Case Digests (2nd Batch)

>AC.S

 Res'ondent ?a$ia Ca$a Lo%$egat died du$ing the 'endenc& o a case cha$ging he$ "ith the !ioa,on
o Sec,on ; o R-A- No- ;91: in the Oce o the O+%uds+an in he$ ca'acit& as a +e+%e$ o the
Boa$d o Di$ecto$s o the =CPB and =NICO? aeged& %ecause these t$ansac,ons ao"ed the othe$
$es'ondents un"a$$anted %enets and "e$e g$oss& disad!antageous to the go!e$n+ent-
 Res'ondentJs counse +o!ed o$ the dis+issa o the case on the g$ound that the death o 
Page | 11
$es'ondent Lo%$egat e*,nguishes %oth he$ c$i+ina as "e as ci!i ia%iit& %ased soe& on the act
co+'ained o-

 .he OSG o''osed the +o,on on the g$ound that $es'ondentJs death does not e*,nguish he$ ci!i
ia%iit& %ecause the sa+e is not soe& %ased on the oense co++i/edi.e. ci!i ia%iit& ex delicto-

 .he OSG +aintains that "hie Lo%$egatJs death e*,nguished he$ c$i+ina as "e as ci!i ia%iit&
'$edicated soe& on the deict he$ ci!i ia%iit& a$ising $o+ othe$ sou$ces o o%iga,on i.e. %ased
on a" and cont$act su%sists inde'endent& o that '$edicated on the deict- In!o3ing Sec,ons ;1
and ;; o the Co$'o$a,on Code 'e,,one$ $eite$ates that $es'ondent Lo%$egat in he$ ca'acit& as a
+e+%e$ o the Boa$d o Di$ecto$s o the =nited Coconut Pante$s Ban3 (=CPB) and the =nited
Coconut Oi ?is Inc- (=NICO?) had "iu& and 3no"ing& !oted o$ and assented to 'atent&
una"u acts o the co$'o$a,ons "hich cons,tuted the %ases o$ he$ ci!i ia%iit& JJas a co$'o$ate
oce$ "ho had du,es unde$ the a" and in acco$dance "ith he$ e+'o&+ent cont$act "ith the
co+'anies-

 .he hei$s o the $es'ondent counte$ that the death o the $es'ondent e*,nguished he$ ci!i ia%iit&
i an& since the sa+e coud on& %e %ased on deict and that the deceased $es'ondent Lo%$egat "as
a +e$e $es'ondent in a c$i+ina co+'aint o$ aeged !ioa,on o R-A- No- ;91: "hich the Oce o 
the O+%uds+an had ong dis+issed-

'SSUE  HON $es'ondent th$ough he$ hei$s can %e +ade ci!i& ia%e o$ o%iga,ons a$ising $o+ a" and
cont$act %& !i$tue o $es'ondent Lo%$egatJs %eing one o the Di$ecto$s o =CPB and =NICO? "hich is to %e
conside$ed an e+'o&+ent cont$act-

HELD: N&.

.he death o $es'ondent Lo%$egat "hich occu$$ed du$ing the 'endenc& o the case and %eo$e na udg+ent
is $ende$ed e*,nguishes "hate!e$ c$i+ina ia%iit& she +ight %e hed $es'onsi%e o$ as the sa+e is 'u$e&
'e$sona to he$- Conse4uent& the ci!i ia%iit& a$ising $o+ "hate!e$ c$i+ina ia%iit& +a& %e adudged
against he$ is 'e$o$ce e*,nguished- .he natu$e o the ac,on in!o!es a dete$+ina,on o "hethe$ the
cont$acts o$ t$ansac,ons ente$ed into %& $es'ondents "e$e g$oss& disad!antageous to the go!e$n+ent
"hethe$ the& caused undue inu$& to the go!e$n+ent and "hethe$ $es'ondents had o%tained 'e$sona gain
in these t$ansac,ons- Necessa$i& the o$egoing +a/e$s a$e c$i+ina in natu$e- Being a c$i+ina co+'aint
against the $es'ondents the death o $es'ondent Lo%$egat $esuts in the dis+issa o the '$esent case against
he$ and the conco+itant ci!i ia%iit& a$ising the$e$o+- It is a%su$d to dissociate the c$i+ina as'ect o the
case $o+ that o $es'ondent Lo%$egatJs aeged ia%iit& as a +e+%e$ o the %oa$d o the t"o ao$e+en,oned
co+'anies '$ecise& %ecause she "as %eing sued in such ca'acit&-
1=. San uan v. udge Cru? (5an)
>AC.S
 Lo$eto San uan died ea!ing a "i "he$e Osca$ Casa "as na+ed as one o the de!isees the$ein-
A/&- A4uino ed a 'e,,on o$ the '$o%ate o the "i- Hhie the 'e,,on "as 'ending Osca$ died
intestate- .he $+ o A/&- A4uino ente$ed thei$ a''ea$ance as counse o >ede$ico Casa $- "ho
cai+ed to %e one o the hei$s o the de!isee and thei$ $e'$esenta,!e- .he '$o%ate cou$t denied the
$+s ent$& o a''ea$ance since >ede$ico "as not the e*ecuto$ o$ ad+inist$ato$ o the estate o the
de!isee the$eo$e cannot %e su%s,tuted o$ the deceased as his $e'$esenta,!e- .he cou$t issued an
o$de$ di$ec,ng A/&- A4uino to secu$e the a''oint+ent o an ad+inist$ato$ o$ e*ecuto$ o the estate
o Osca$ in o$de$ that the a''ointee %e su%s,tuted in ieu o the said deceased- ='on ing an
YA''oint+ent o Ad+inist$ato$Z the Casas unani+ous& designated >ede$ico-
 P ed a Y?o,on to Deca$e A''oint+ent o Ad+inist$ato$ as Inade4uate o$ InsucientZ sta,ng that
it shoud %e the hei$s "ho shoud '$esent an ad+inist$ato$ o$ Osca$s estate- A/&- A4uino in!o3es
Sec- 16 Rue ; o the ROC that the hei$s o Osca$ +a& %e su%s,tuted o$ the deceased "ithout need
 SPECIAL PROCEEDINGS Case Digests (2nd Batch)

o$ a''oint+ent o an ad+inist$ato$ o$ e*ecuto$ o the estate-

 R.C denied Ps +o,on and hed that the$es no need o$ the a''oint+ent o an ad+inist$ato$ o$
e*ecuto$ as su%s,tute o$ the deceased de!isee-

ISS=E HON the$e is a need o$ the a''oint+ent o an ad+inist$ato$ o the estate o Osca$ Casa

0ELD NO the$e is no need o$ the a''oint+ent o an ad+inist$ato$ it is enough that he %e su%s,tuted %& his
hei$s-
Page | 12  .he second 'a$ag$a'h o the Sec- 16 Rue ; is 'ain and e*'icit the hei$s +a& %e ao"ed to %e
su%s,tuted o$ the deceased "ithout $e4ui$ing the a''oint+ent o an ad+inist$ato$ o$ e*ecuto$-
0o"e!e$ i "ithin the s'ecied 'e$iod a ega $e'$esenta,!e ais to a''ea$ the cou$t +a& o$de$ the
o''osing counse "ithin a s'ecied 'e$iod to '$ocess the a''oint+ent o an ad+inist$ato$ o$
e*ecuto$ "ho sha i++ediate& a''ea$ o$ the e state o the deceased-
 ?hen no administrator has been appointed, as in this case, there is all the more reason to recogni-e
the heirs as the proper representa$es of the deceased. ince the Aules do not specically prohibit 
them from represenng the deceased, and since no administrator had as yet been appointed at the
me of the instuon of the 2omplaint, we see nothing wrong with the fact that it was the heirs of 
 Bohn D. Coung, r. who represented his estate in the case led before the 92  (Gochan !- Moung)-
 .he hei$s o the estate o Osca$ Casa do not need to $st secu$e the a''oint+ent o an ad+inist$ato$
o his estate %ecause $o+ the !e$& +o+ent o his death the& ste''ed into his shoes and ac4ui$ed
his $ights as de!isee#egatee o the deceased Lo$eto San uan- .hus a '$io$ a''oint+ent o an
ad+inist$ato$ o$ e*ecuto$ o the estate o Osca$ Casa is not necessa$& o$ his hei$s to ac4ui$e ega
ca'acit& to %e su%s,tuted as $e'$esenta,!es o the estate- Said hei$s +a& designate one o$ so+e o 
the+ as thei$ $e'$esenta,!e %eo$e the t$ia cou$t-
 H0ERE>ORE the Pe,,on is DENIED-
Note0 irst issue ass ?76 the peon for cerorari led by the peoner in the 24 was me@barred. 2 says
Ces, it is. The peon or cerorari led by peoner with the 24 on 6o$ember , >>; was led beyond the
<>@day period therefor. :eoner recei$ed, on 3arch EF, >>;, the ebruary , >>; 7rder of the court 
denying his moon for reconsideraon of the December , >>H 7rder. :eoner had <> days from 3arch EF,
>>; or unl 3ay E, >>; within which to le his peon for cerorari. Iowe$er, peoner led his peon
 for cerorari with the 24 only on 6o$ember , >>;.
The <>@day period should not be reconed from peoner's receipt on Bune EE, >>; of the denial of his 3ay ,
>>; second moon for reconsideraon. The <>@day period shall be reconed from the trial court's denial of his
 rst moon for reconsideraon, otherwise indenite delays will ensue.
1>. S!s. Suria v. Heirs o( To0o"in (ebb)
 Fa+ts:
o B$igido ?- .o+oin "as the o"ne$ o 22829 s4+ ot in Agusan de Su$- .he ot is $egiste$ed
unde$ his na+e-
o On u& 1; 1::8 .o+oin sod the ot to Ca$os Su$ia 'e,,one$ o$ P228299-99 as sho"n
%& a Deed o A%soute Sae o a Pa$ce o Land- Conse4uent& the od ,te "as canceed
and in ieu the$eo a ne" ,te "as issued in 'e,,one$s na+e-
o Ae$ the sae Ca$os Su$ia and his "ie uanita aso a 'e,,one$ had the ot su%di!ided
into se!e$a 'a$ces- .hus .C. No- .K12112 in the na+e o 'e,,one$ Ca$os Su$ia "as
canceed and in ieu the$eo .C. Nos- .K12:: 12:79 12:71 and 12:72 "e$e a issued in
the na+es o 'e,,one$s-
o On Se'te+%e$ 22 2999 .o+oin ed a Co+'aint o$ Annu+ent o the Deed o A%soute
Sae o a Pa$ce o Land and Cancea,on o .C. No- .K12112 "ith P$a&e$ o$ a H$it o 
P$ei+ina$& Inunc,on against 'e,,one$s- .he co+'aint aeges a+ong othe$s that 
Tomolin, then seriousl* ill, +as in-eigle' %* !e&&oners into signing the "ontra"t of sale
an' that the* 'i' not !a* him the amount of 228,244.44 an' the su%se5uent 
su%'i-ision of the lot is tainte' +ith %a' faith
o On the ne*t da& .o+oin died- 0e "as su$!i!ed %& his nieces na+e& Da+iana .o+oin
Pe$e5 Ca$idad .o+oin So$ia Luc$esia .o+oin Deca$o and Loita .o+oin Es'ina-
o On Octo%e$ 28 2991 "ounsel  o$ .o+oin ed "ith the t$ia cou$t a No,ce o Su%s,tu,on
o a Pa$t& 'u$suant to Sec,on 16 Rue ; o the 1::< Rues o Ci!i P$ocedu$e as a+ended-
o .he t$ia cou$t ao"ed the su%s,tu,on o the hei$s o .o+oin-
o .he su%s,tu,on is o''osed %& the 'e,,one$s "hich su%se4uent& denied %& the cou$t o$
ac3 o +e$it-
o On Dece+%e$ < 2991 'e,,one$s ed a +o,on o$ $econside$a,on %ut the sa+e "as
denied %& the t$ia cou$t in its O$de$ dated anua$& 2: 2992- A second +o,on o$
$econside$a,on ed %& 'e,,one$s "as i3e"ise denied-
o .he$eu'on 'e,,one$s ed "ith the Cou$t o A''eas a Pe,,on o$ Ce$,o$a$i. In its
 SPECIAL PROCEEDINGS Case Digests (2nd Batch)

Decision dated >e%$ua$& 28 299; the Cou$t o A''eas dis+issed the 'e,,on-
o 0ence the instant 'e,,on-
 'ssue: H#N the ac,on to annu the DOAS and to cance and ,te %& .o+oin su$!i!e the a/e$ ae$
his death-
o Pe,,one$s contend that the ac,on to annu the Deed o A%soute Sae and to cance .C.
No- .K12112 ed %& .o+oin did not su$!i!e ae$ his death- 0ence his hei$s cannot
con,nue to '$osecute the ac,on-
 HELD AGA'NST THE ;ET'T'&NE
Page | 1;  In Gon5aes !- Phii''ine A+use+ent and Ga+ing Co$'o$a,on the SC $eite$ated the $uing in Bonia
!- Ba$cena on ho" to dete$+ine "hethe$ an ac,on su$!i!es o$ not thus
o .he 4ues,on as to "hethe$ an ac,on su$!i!es o$ not de'ends on the natu$e o the ac,on
and the da+age sued o$-
o In the causes o ac,on "hich su$!i!e the "$ong co+'ained [o\ aects '$i+a$i& and
'$inci'a& '$o'e$t& and '$o'e$t& $ights the inu$ies to the 'e$son %eing +e$e& incidenta
"hie in the causes o ac,on "hich do not su$!i!e the inu$& co+'ained o is to the
'e$son the '$o'e$t& and $ights o '$o'e$t& aected %eing incidenta- (E+'hasis su''ied)
o In his co+'aint and a+ended co+'aint ed "ith the t$ia cou$t .o+oin '$a&ed o$ the
(1) annu+ent o the Deed o A%soute Sae o a Pa$ce o Land dated u& 1; 1::8@ (2)
$econ!e&ance o Lot No- 69:8@ (;) $econ!e&ance o .C. No- .K1:81@ and () cancea,on o 
.C. Nos- .K12112 .K12:: .K12:79 .K12:71 and .K12:72 in the na+es o 'e,,one$s-
o .he$e can %e no dis'ute that .o+oins co+'aint aects '$i+a$i& and '$inci'a& '$o'e$t&
and '$o'e$t& $ights- Clearl*, the a"&on sur-i-es his 'eath. Thus, the Court of A!!eals 'i' 
not err in arming the trial "ourt7s u'gment allo+ing the su%s&tu&on of the late
Tomolin.
1@. Strong,o"d 'nsuran+e v. e!ub"i+/Asa,i (Gian)
FACTS: Re'u%icKAsahi ente$ed into a cont$act "# Santos the '$o'$ieto$ o DS Const$uc,on- In o$de$ to
gua$antee the aithu  sa,sacto$& 'e$o$+ance o its unde$ta3ing DS e*ecuted oint&  se!e$a& "# SICI a
'e$o$+ance %ond- DS aied to 'e$o$+ its o%iga,on '$o+',ng Re'u%icKAsahi to $escind the cont$act "#DS
 e a cai+ against SICI o$ the a+ount o the 'e$o$+ance %ond-

SICI contended that Santos o DS died the '$e!ious &ea$@ hence his death had e*,nguished the +one& cai+s
o Re'u%icKAsahi against SICI  DS-

HELD: SICI is s, ia%e-

RATIO
“4surety companyJs liability under the performance bond it issues is solidary. The death of the principal obligor 
does not, as a rule, exnguish the obligaon and the solidary nature of that liabili ty.
 4s a general rule, the death of either the creditor or the debtor does not exnguish the obligaon. 7bligaons
are transmissible to the heirs, except when the transmission is pre$ented by the law, the spulaons of the
 pares, or the nature of the obligaon. 7nly obligaons that are personal or are idened with the persons
themsel$es are exnguished by death.

econ = of Aule F< of the Aules of 2ourt expressly allows the prosecuon of money claims arising from a
contract against the estate of a deceased debtor. 9$idently, those claims are not actually exnguished. ?hat is
exnguished is only the obligeeJs acon or suit led before the court, which is not then acng as a probate
court.

*n the present case, whate$er monetary liabilies or obligaons antos had under his contracts with
respondent were not intransmissible by their nature, by spulaon, or by pro$ision of law. Ience, his death did 
not result in the exnguishment of those obligaons or liabilies, which merely passed on to his estate. Death
is not a defense that he or his estate can set up to wipe out the obligaons under the performance bond.
2onse"uently, peoner as surety cannot use his death to escape its monetary obligaon under its
 performance bond.
Knder the law and urisprudence, respondent may sue, separately or together, the principal debtor and the
 peoner herein, in $iew of the solidary nature of their liability. The death of the principal debtor will not wor 
to con$ert, decrease or nullify the substan$e right of the solidary creditor. 9$idently, despite the death of the
 principal debtor, respondent may sll sue peoner alone, in accordance with the solidary nature of the
la/erJs liability under the performance bond.1 

2.9 A"&ons %* an' against E:e"utors an' A'ministrators (Rule 89, Rules of Court) NOTES
1. ;as+ua" v. ;as+ua" (2hai)
 SPECIAL PROCEEDINGS Case Digests (2nd Batch)

FACTS: Hhie the '$oceedings o$ the '$o%ate o the "i o the 'e"ease' E'uar'a 'e los Santos  "e$e 'ending
in the C>I o Ri5a !"ain#$) Sin(oroso ;as+ua" ins,tuted in the C>I o Pa+'anga against de(endants ;on+iano
S. ;as+ua" and othe$s an ac,on o$ the annu+ent o a cont$act o sae o a sh'ond situated in Lu%ao
Pa+'anga su''osed& e*ecuted "ithout conside$a,on %& said deceased in he$ ie,+e in a!o$ o the
deendants-

Pain, and deendants a$e a egi,+ate chid$en o the testat$i* Edua$da-
Page | 1
Deendants ed o a +o,on to dis+iss aeging "ant o cause o ac,on i+ita,on o ac,on "$ong !enue and
'endenc& o anothe$ ac,on- .he t$ia cou$t g$anted the +o,on on the g$ound that the ac,on shoud ha!e
%een %$ought %& the e*ecuto$ o$ ad+inist$ato$ o the estate e %& the deceased- .he a+ended co+'aint o 
'ain, did not cu$e this deect so the Tria" Court dis+issed the ac,on- It is $o+ this o$de$ o dis+issa that
'ain, inte$'osed his a''ea-

HELD: O$de$ is $e!e$sed- .he case is $e+anded the t$ia cou$t o$ u$the$ '$oceedings "ith costs against
a''eees-

=nde$ Rue 86 sec,on 1 o the ne" Rues o Cou$t ac,ons o$ the $eco!e$& o$ '$otec,on o the '$o'e$t& o$
$ights o the deceased o$ causes "hich su$!i!e +a& %e '$osecuted o$ deended %& his e*ecuto$ o$
ad+inist$ato$- ='on the co++ence+ent o the testate o$ intestate '$oceedings the hei$s ha!e no standing in
cou$t in ac,ons o the a%o!e cha$acte$ e*ce't "hen the e*ecuto$ o$ ad+inist$ato$ is un"iing o$ ais o$
$euses to act in "hich e!ent to hei$s +a& act in his 'ace- 0e$e the c,,ous sae is aeged to ha!e %een
+ade to the deendants one o the+ ?igue S- Pascua %eing the e*ecuto$ a''ointed %& the '$o%ate cou$t-
Such e*ecuto$ natu$a& "oud not %$ing an ac,on against hi+se o$ $eco!e$& o the sh'ond- 0is $eusa to
act +a& the$eo$e %e i+'ied- And this %$ings the case unde$ the e*ce',on- It shoud %e noted that in the
co+'aint the '$a&e$ is that the sh'ond %e dei!e$ed not to the 'ain, %ut to the e*ecuto$ thus indica,ng
that the ac,on is %$ought in %eha o the estate o the deceased-

A''eees contend that the$e is he$e a "$ong !enue- .he& a$gue that an ac,on o$ the annu+ent o a cont$act
o sae is a 'e$sona ac,on "hich +ust %e co++enced at the 'ace o $esidence o eithe$ the 'ain, o$ the
deendant at the eec,on o the 'ain, (Rue 7 sec- 1 Rues o Cou$t) and in the instant case %oth 'ain, 
and deendants a$e $esidents o ?aa%on Ri5a %ut the ac,on "as co++enced in the Cou$t o >i$st Instance
o Pa+'anga- It a''ea$ing ho"e!e$ that the sae is aeged to %e c,,ous "ith a%soute& no conside$a,on
it shoud %e $ega$ded as a nonKe*istent not +e$e& nu cont$act- And the$e %eing no cont$act %et"een the
deceased and the deendants the$e is in t$uth nothing to annu %& ac,on- .he ac,on %$ought cannot thus %e
o$ annu+ent o cont$act %ut is one o$ $eco!e$& o a sh'ond a $ea ac,on that shoud %e as it has %een
%$ought in Pa+'anga "he$e the '$o'e$t& is ocated (Rue 7 sec- ; Rues o Cou$t-)

A''eees a$gue u$the$ that the ac,on %$ought %& the 'ain, is unnecessa$& the 4ues,on in!o!ed the$ein
%eing one that +a& '$o'e$& %e $aised and decided in the '$o%ate '$oceedings- .he gene$a $ue is that
4ues,ons as to ,te to '$o'e$t& cannot %e 'assed u'on in testate '$oceedings- .he cou$t is ho"e!e$ o the
o'inion and so hods that +hen as in the instant "ase, the !ar&es intereste' are all heirs of the 'e"ease' 
"laiming &tle un'er him, the 5ues&on as to +hether the transfer ma'e %* the la;er to the former is or is not 
 <"&&ous, ma* !ro!erl* %e %rought %* mo&on in the testate or intestate !ro"ee'ings on or %efore the
'istri%u&on of the estate among the heirs. .his '$ocedu$e is o',ona to the 'a$,es conce$ned "ho +a&
choose to %$ing a se'a$ate ac,on as a +a/e$ o con!enience in the '$e'a$a,on o$ '$esenta,on o e!idence
and acco$ding& the acon brought by the appellant is not improper -
1*. Lo!e? v. &"bes (3ie)
FACTS: Pe,,one$ %$ought a suit against O%es the testa+enta$& e*ecuto$ o the deceased ?a$,na Lo'e5- It
"as aeged that the deceased e*ecuted a 'u%ic inst$u+ent du$ing he$ ie,+e "he$e%& she donated to the
'ain,s a 'a$ce o and "hich "as '$o!ed as a !aid dona,on- O%es as e*ecuto$ cai+ed to ha!e $ights to
o"ne$shi' and 'ossession to the ao$e+en,oned and and succeeded in 'acing the sa+e in t$ust-

O%es ed a de+u$$e$ aeging that the acts do not cons,tute a $ight o ac,on that the 'ain,s as hei$s o$
donees coud not +aintain an& suit against the testa+enta$& e*ecuto$ to $eco!e$ the ,te o$ 'ossession o the
and so ong as the cou$t had not adudicated the estate to the+ o$ un, the ,+e ao"ed o$ 'a&ing the de%ts
shoud ha!e e*'i$ed-

Pain,s a$gued ho"e!e$ that unde$ the Code o Ci!i P$ocedu$e (Rues o Cou$t no" this is a 1:19 case) it
on& s'ea3s o hei$s o$ de!isees and donees a$e not incuded and +a& %e ao"ed to e suit against the
 SPECIAL PROCEEDINGS Case Digests (2nd Batch)

e*ecuto$-

'SSUE: HON 'ain,s +a& suit the e*ecuto$ o$ the $eco!e$& o the and in 4ues,on-

HELD: Mes- Xues,ons as to the !aidit& o a dona,on and "hich aect its o$ce +ust %e a$gued and decided in
acco$dance "ith a" at a $egua$ t$ia and %& a na udg+ent- Neithe$ sha the 4ues,ons +en,oned %e
decided in an incidenta t$ia conce$ning testate o$ intestate '$oceedings o$ the $eason that the thing donated
is no onge$ the '$o'e$t& o the deceased dono$ no$ does it o$+ a 'a$t o the he$edita$& estate %ut %eongs
Page |to17
the done un, %& e*ecuto$& udg+ent deca$ing the dona,on nu and i$$egua$-

2.8 Rules 88=>4, Rules of Court NOTES

2B. De La Cru? v. De La Cru? (ide)
Fa+ts: Ignacio De La C$u5 ad+inist$ato$ o the intestate estate o G$ego$io De La C$u5 ed a 'e,,on in the
C>I to se t"o (2) 'a$ces o and %eonging to the estate in o$de$ to sa,s& the o%iga,ons o said estate- .he
C>I ao"ed the 'e,,on- Ignacio then e*ecuted a deed o sae in a!o$ o .o+as de Gu5+an and Benita de a
Ro+a in "hich it a''ea$s that said 'a$ces "e$e sod at a '$i!ate sae o$ the su+ o P699- Late$ Ig+idio De La
C$u5 and Ped$o De La C$u5 egi,+ate chid$en o G$ego$io and the o''osito$Ka''eants in this case ed a
'e,,on to nui& the sae a$guing that the& "e$e not '$o'e$& $e'$esented du$ing the hea$ing o the 'e,,on
since the& "e$e not no,ed o the date the$eo- ?o$eo!e$ the& a$gue that the$e "as no no,ce %& 'u%ica,on
%eo$e the hea$ing and that Ignacio as the ad+inist$ato$ "as not $e4ui$ed to gi!e a ne" %ond %eo$e the
icense to se "as g$anted- .he C>I denied the 'e,,on o Ig+idio and Ped$o- On a''ea to the SC the& a$e
contes,ng the u$isdic,on o the C>I to o$de$ the sae o the t"o (2) 'a$ces o and since the 'e,,on ed %&
Ignacio did not co+'& "ith Sec,on <(a) o Rue 8: o the Rues o Cou$t 'a$,cua$& the $e4ui$e+ent that the
!aue o the 'e$sona estate %e stated in the 'e,,on- And neithe$ "as the$e a state+ent that the$e is no
'e$sona estate no$ a state+ent that i the$e %e such its sae "oud $edound to the det$i+ent o the inte$ests
o the 'a$,ci'ants the$ein-

'ssues:
1) Hhethe$ o$ not the$e is +e$it to Ig+idio and Ped$os cai+ that the o$de$ o sae %& the C>I "as !oid
%ecause the& "e$e not no,ed o the date o hea$ing@ the$e "as no no,ce %& 'u%ica,on o$ th$ee
"ee3s successi!e& '$io$ to the date o hea$ing@ and that the ad+inist$ato$ Ignacio "as not $e4ui$ed
to gi!e ne" %ond %eo$e icense to se "as g$anted@ and

2) Hhethe$ o$ not the$e is +e$it to Ig+idio and Ped$os cai+ that the o$de$ o sae %& the C>I "as nu
and !oid since the C>I ne!e$ ac4ui$ed u$isdic,on to o$de$ the sae o the 'a$ces o and %ecause o 
nonKco+'iance "ith the +andate o Sec,on <(a) Rue 8:-

He"d:
1) N&NE. .he $eco$d sho"s that the date o the hea$ing o the 'e,,on "as 3no"n to a''eants as
the& a''ea$ed and ed an o''osi,on in "$i,ng and that co'ies o the 'e,,on "e$e sent to the+-
As to thei$ conten,on that the no,ce "as not 'u%ished in a ne"s'a'e$ th$ee "ee3s successi!e&
'$e!ious to the hea$ing the $ues '$o!ide that i 'e$sona no,ce is gi!en to the 'e$sons inte$ested
the 'u%ic no,ce +a& %e dis'ensed "ith- As to $e4ui$ing the ad+inist$ato$ to gi!e a ne" %ond
%eo$e icense to se is g$anted the $ues '$o!ide I the cou$t $e4ui$es it the e*ecuto$ o$
ad+inist$ato$ %eo$e icense is g$anted sha gi!e a ne" %ond - - - It is e!ident that the cou$t +a&
use its disc$e,on and +a& o$ +a& not $e4ui$e a ne" %ond- .he$eo$e none o the a%o!e conten,ons
o the Ig+idio and Ped$o has an& +e$it "hatsoe!e$-

2) <ES. In !ie" o the '$o!isions o ou$ Code o Ci!i P$ocedu$e and u$is'$udence it is hed that the
a!e$+ent as to the !aue o the 'e$sona estate o a deceased 'e$son is an essen,a and necessa$&
$e4uisite to a 'e,,on o$ the sae o $ea estate and that a Cou$t o >i$st Instance ac4ui$es no
 u$isdic,on to o$de$ such sae i that a!e$+ent does not a''ea$ in the 'e,,on@ that such an o$de$ is
!oid and that a sae o $ea estate %& !i$tue o such an o$de$ is nu and !oid- .he o$de$s o the o"e$
cou$t $e set aside and the sae o the t"o 'a$ces o and +ade %& !i$tue o said o$de$s is deca$ed
nu and !oid-