9

English
Quarter 1 - Module 1
Expressing Permission, Obligation
and Prohibition Using Modals

Department of Education • Republic of the Philippines

English – Grade 9
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 1: Expressing Permission, Obligation and Prohibition Using Modals
First Edition, 2020

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the
Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office wherein
the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office
may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks, etc.)
included in this book are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to
locate and seek permission to use these materials from their respective copyright owners. The
publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them.

Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor M. Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio
Assistant Secretary: Alma Ruby C. Torio

Development Team of the Module

Author: La Arnie O. Azucena

Editor:
Reviewers:
Illustrator:
Layout Artist:
Management Team: Portia M. Mallorca, CESO V, SDS
Peter J. Galimba, ASDS
Junry M. Esparar, OIC Chief, CID
Eden Joy B. Nifras, EPS - English

Printed in the Philippines by _____________________________________

Department of Education – Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR)

Office Address: Ground Floor, Bonifacio Building, DepEd Complex,

Meralco Avenue, Pasig City, Philippines 1600
Telefax: (02) 634-1072; 634-1054 o 631-4985
E-mail Address: blr.lrqad@deped.gov.ph * blr.lrpd@deped.gov.ph
 9
English
Quarter 1 - Module 1
Expressing Permission, Obligation
and Prohibition Using Modals

This instructional material was collaboratively developed and reviewed

by educators from public and private schools, colleges, and or/universities.
We encourage teachers and other education stakeholders to email their
feedback, comments, and recommendations to the Department of
Education at action@deped.gov.ph.

We value your feedback and recommendations.

Department of Education • Republic of the Philippines

1
Introductory Message

For the facilitator:

This Alternative Delivery Module (ADM) in English includes learner-friendly

pre-test, self-check exercises, post-test, and other learning instructions
intended to help learners catch up on missed classes. This covers topics in
Grade Nine in the 1st quarter with corresponding learning activities for students
to achieve their missed learning competencies and lesson objectives. Moreover,
each exercise in this module is designed for independent learning and practice
however, ensure that the learners’ parents, elder siblings, guardians or
relatives at home will guide and support them as they accomplish its given
tasks.

Furthermore, explain to students that taking the tests diligently will allow them
to cope with missed lessons for their learning progress. Most importantly,
remind them to answer the given activities on a separate answer sheet and
handle this module with utmost care.

For the learner:

This learner-friendly module is specially designed for your learning needs and
progress. Your patience and dedication in reading and answering its learning
exercises will help you successfully cope with your missed lessons. You are
free to ask assistance from your teachers, parents, siblings, friends, and family
members whom you think can help you best. Read each lesson carefully and
follow the instructions for your activities after reading.

The following are the parts of this module that will help you finish your tasks.
Read the following descriptions below to better understand each part.

What I Need to Know

This contains the skills or competencies you are about to learn in
the specific lesson.

What I Know
This part is composed of a 15-item exercise serving as your
pretest to assess what you already know.

What’s In
It is in this part where review questions or items be given to you.
This will help you link the previous lesson with the current one.

2
 What’s New
In this portion, the new lesson will be introduced to you in
various ways: a story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an
activity or a situation.

What is It
This section gives you the step by step process of how you go
about the lesson. It also provides you the brief discussion of the
topic or concept to develop.

What’s More
This comprises items for independent practice to further deepen
your understanding of the topic.

What I Have Learned

This includes questions which will lead you to generalize or sum
up your understanding of the topic presented. Steps on how a
given process was undergone may also be included here.

What I Can Do
This part provides an activity which will help you transfer your
knowledge into real-life situations or concerns.

Assessment
This is another 15-item test purposely to evaluate your level of
mastery in achieving the learning competency.

Additional Activities
In this portion, another activity will be given to you to enrich your
skill of the lesson learned. This will help you retain the concept in
mind.

Now that you are aware of the contents of this module, for sure you are ready
to face the tasks and take the challenges along your journey. Always bear in
mind that you are not alone. You have many companions who can assist you
with whatever problem you will face. Don’t be afraid. Just reach them out in
times you need them.

You have to answer the given exercises in this module on separate sheets of
paper. After you are through, return it to your teacher who will be responsible of
checking and determining your level of competency.

God bless you learner!

3
 Expressing
Lesson
Permission, Obligation
1 and Prohibition Using
Modals
What I Need to Know

Every conversations, messages, and transactions would be easier

when thoughts or words are expressed clearly. Expressions used in
statements will best lead to your purpose. These words may not change their
forms and express different meaning, they are known as modals.
This module, will help you learn about the use of modals in expressing
permission, obligation, and prohibition (EN9G-IVc-e-23).

What I Know

Read the sentences below and determine what the underlined words
express. Choose your answer in the box by writing the letter of the correct
answer.

a. Obligation b. Permission c. Prohibition

1. Can I sit beside you?

2. You mustn’t smoke in public places.
3. You ought to respect your parents.
4. I should visit my mother in the hospital.
5. Could I go out after the Enhance Community Quarantine?
6. May I use your quarantine pass?
7. I must stop gambling, it will make my life miserable.
8. Students can use their cellphones in the classroom when the teacher
allows.
9. Shella may borrow my money because it’s an emergency.
10.Students have to come early in school.
11. All students can study inside the library.
12. You mustn’t talk when your mouth is full.

4
 13. We must love our enemies.
14. We can’t go out from our houses for a week because of lockdown.
15. Can I borrow your phone?

What’s In

In subject-verb agreement there are rules to be followed especially with the

number of subject either singular or plural. In this lesson, you will learn
about modal verbs, its form and how it agrees with the subject.
Before you go through with the modals, let us first refresh your mind with
the subject- verb agreement rules by answering the items below. Supply the
appropriate verb by choosing your answer in the parenthesis and write it in
your test notebook. An example is provided below.

Example: I (eat, eats) too much.

Answer: eat

1. She (know, knows) what to answer in the test.

2. They (play, plays) happily.
3. I (buy, buys, bought) fruits in the market, yesterday.
4. His father (allow, allows) him to watch movie with his friends.
5. Dhyna (clean, cleans) the room.

What’s New

Read the dialogue below and take note of the modals used.

The Deadline

Maggie: Hi Tom, have you finished your homework?

Tom: Oh hi Maggie. No. I haven’t.
Maggie: The deadline is tomorrow, so you have to submit it tomorrow.
Tom: I can’t make it. I haven’t even started it yet. Can we hand it in next
week?
Maggie: I don’t know. You’ll have to ask Mrs. Robinson about that. I think you
must finish it by tomorrow. She probably won’t accept projects after
tomorrow.
Tom: I’ve had so many other things to do. I couldn’t even start it. I don’t know
what to do.
Maggie: Don’t worry, I’ll help you. It’s not very difficult. I finished it in one day.
Tom: Really? Great!

5
Maggie: First, you should read the article that Mrs. Robinson gave us. It’s
about the Mohican Civilization. Then, you have to design a poster for a play
about them- the Mohicans- for the theatre.
Tom: Yeah I know but it looks a bit difficult…
Maggie: Not at all. You don’t have to make the poster from scratch and it
doesn’t have to be a work of art. There are lots of templates on the internet.
You can just use one of those designs to make your own poster.
Tom: Well, I think I can do it. What title shall I use? Can you help me?
Maggie: Yeah, I can give you some suggestions but you mustn’t use the same
title as anyone else in our class. You have to create your own title.
Tom: Okay, I can come up with something I guess.
Maggie: Alright?
Tom: Yeah, I’ve got to go now and make a start on it. I’ll follow the project
guidelines like you said. Thanks, Maggie.
Maggie: No problem. Good luck!
Tell whether the statement is TRUE or FALSE based on the given dialogue.
Write your answer in your test notebook.
1. Maggie has completed her project.
2. Tom has submitted his project.
3. Tom must ask Mrs. Robinson if he can hand in the project after the
deadline.
4. The poster must look great when it’s finished.
5. Tom must design the entire poster by himself.
6. Maggie can’t help Tom with the poster in any way.

Try to read the sentences from the dialogue. Notice how the underlined
words are used in the sentences. Then answer the questions below. Write
your answers in your test notebook.
1. The deadline is tomorrow, so you have to submit it tomorrow.
2. You’ll have to ask Mrs. Robinson about that.
3. You have to c reate your own title.
4. I think you must finish it by tomorrow.
5. First, you should read the article that Mrs. Robinson gave us.
6. Can we hand it in next week?
7. You can just use one of those designs to make your own poster.
8. Can you help me?
9. I can’t make it.
10. Yeah, I can give you some suggestions but you mustn’t use the same
title as anyone else in our class.

 What is common with the underlined words? What do you call them?
 What do these words do in the sentences?
 What do they express?
 When do we usually use them?
 How are they usually formed?
 What modal expresses obligation? Permission? Prohibition?

6
 What is It

Unlike auxiliaries, modals never change form to agree with the subject.
Modals never change form.
Example: She submits her requirements before the deadline.
She must submit her requirements before the deadline.

Unlike other verbs, modals never change their forms because of time,
number, etc. and are never followed by to with the exception of ought to and
have to.

There are two types of modal verbs of obligation; those that primarily
express a firm obligation or necessity- must and have to- and those that
express a recommendation or moral obligation- should and ought to.

MODALS OF
FUNCTION SAMPLE SENTENCES
OBLIGATION
-strong obligation (possibly I must study today.
1.Must based on the speaker’s opinion.
-Used for specific obligations.
-strong obligation( possibly from Children have to go to
outside) school.
2.Have to
-mainly expresses general
obligations.
-used in casual statement. -He should apologize
-involves no moral obligation. before his wife when she
-gives a suggestion on what is is right.
3. Should
the right thing for somebody to - I should tell her how
do. Used to express subjective she does feel.
opinion (What I think is best) (suggestion)
-it is stronger in meaning. I ought to tell her how I
-involves moral obligation feel.(not suggestion but a
-indicates what somebody mere statement)
4. Ought to should do. Used to express an
objective truth (What is
necessary, and cannot be
avoided)

7
 Can, could and may are used to ask for permission. It means something
is allowed and can be done. Can is the most direct of the three, could is more
formal and tentative, and may is the most formal.

MODALS OF
FUNCTION SAMPLE SENTENCES
PERMISSION
-most direct -Can I use your phone?
1. Can -Informal -You can borrow my car
if you want.

-Could I have a glass of

-more formal and tentative. water?
2. Could -can be used to express general -When I was a child, I
permission in the past. could do basically
anything that I wanted to
do.
- Children may use the
-the most formal and less pool with adult
3. May common in everyday contexts. supervision.
-May I start my
presentation?

Both can’t and mustn’t are modals used to show that something is
prohibited- it’s not allowed.

Can’t tells us that something is against the rules. Mustn’t is usually used
when the obligation comes from the person who is speaking.

MODALS OF
FUNCTION SAMPLE SENTENCES
PROHIBITION
-usually gives the idea of -You can’t drive in this
1. Can’t something that is against the country unless you are
rules. over eighteen.
-usually means that it is the -You mustn’t use your
2. Mustn’t
speaker who is setting the rule. phone in class.

What’s More

Use the correct modal to complete the sentence. Copy the sentence and
underline the appropriate modal inside the parenthesis. Write it in your test
notebook. An example is provided below.

You (can’t, mustn’t) wear short shorts in school.

1. We (must, have to) clean our surroundings.

8
 2. Students (must, have to) perform in English in order to pass.
3. You (must, should) be honest all the time.
4. You (have to, ought to) wear face mask every time you go to public
places.
5. ( Can, May, could) you be my textmate?
6. You (can’t, mustn’t) use the elevator, it is under renovation.
7. Everybody (can’t, mustn’t) speak when I am still discussing.
8. Children (could, may) get the toy they want as long as they will follow
the protocols.
9. You (can, may, must) go out in your houses, provided you wear your
facemask.
10. People (can’t, musn’t) panic when somebody in their place is confirmed
as Covid positive.

What I Have Learned

Complete the paragraph below by supplying with the correct word or

phrase. Write your answer in your test notebook.

I have learned that modal is a/an 1. ___________ used to express

2. ________, 3._________ and permission in the sentence. Modals never
change their 4.______ because of time, 5. _______, etc. Modals that express 6.
__________ are 7.________, have to, ought to and should. Modal that express
permission are can, may, and could. The modal 8.________ is the most formal
but not commonly used. The last modals are the 9. __________ and the 10.
________ which are both used to express prohibition.

What I Can Do

Read the sentences carefully and fill in the blank with the appropriate
modal. Then, identify which type you think it belongs. Write your answer on
the blank before the number. The first one is done for you.

TYPE USE MODAL VERBS

1 -Asking and giving permission. Can, Could, May
2 -Showing obligation. Must, Have to, Should,
Ought to
3 -Expressing prohibition. Can’t, Mustn’t

9
Type 11.Could I use your phone please?
______ 2. She ______ be here, she always come on time.
______ 3. You are calling Lj’s Bakeshop, how ______ I help you?
______ 4. Sherlyn ______ go with us for a picnic, her parents are strict.
______ 5. He ______ call Mommy soon.

Assessment

Read the following sentences carefully and identify the correct modal to
complete the sentences. Write the letter of the correct answer in your test
notebook.

1. Minors and Senior citizens citizens ______ abide with the curfew hours
mandated by the government.
a. can’t b. mustn’t c. must d. have to

2. We ______ eat inside the computer room.

a. can’t b. should c. mustn’t d. have to

3. You ______ sit beside me, let’s implement the social distancing protocol.
a. must b. ought to c. should d. can’t

4. You _____ talk with your seatmate when the examination starts.
a. mustn’t b. must c. should d. can’t

5. ______ you speak louder please?

a. Could b. May c. Must d. Should

6. ______ I now present my ideas?

a. Must b. Ought to c. May d. Can’t

7. We ______ go for a picnic because the Enhance Community Quarantine

is extended.
a. must b. mustn’t c. can’t d. can

8. Policemen ______ check the quarantine pass of the people passing the
checkpoint.
a. have to b. must c. may d. can

9. You _____ study in the library any time as long as you’re not making
noise.
a. could b. could c. must d. ought to

10. Students ______ stay at home when they are sick.

a. should b. could c. may d. can

10
 11. You ______ clean up your mess before playing mobile legends.
a. can’t b. mustn’t c. must d. can

12. Children _________ take good care of their parents when they get old.
a. ought to b. can c. may d. have to

13. The people ______ visit the Museum anytime they want.
a. must b. can c. may d. should

14. You ________ fix your hair using my hair brush.

a. could b. must c. should d. may

15. The school head ______ contact his teachers because his phone was
stolen.
a. can’t b. mustn’t c. must d. may

Additional Activities

Look at the signs and complete the sentences with the correct modal.
Choose your answer inside the parenthesis. Answer only, write it in your test
notebook.

SWIMMING POOL
No eating
1. Swimmers _______ eat near the pool.
(can, can’t, must, mustn’t)
The Doctor is in 2. Doctors sometimes _______ work on Sunday.
(OPEN) Sunday
( have to, should, can’t, mustn’t)

BUS TERMINAL 3. Passengers ________ wait in the bus terminals.

Waiting Area (mustn’t, ought to, must, could)
Passengers
4. Drivers _______ drive slow especially near the school
SCHOOL ZONE
ALL VEHICLES zone.
Slow Down (should, have to, can, mustn’t)
5. Everybody ______ bring their pets in the public plaza
PUBLIC PLAZA
PETS ARE as long as they are harmless.
ALLOWED (may, can’t, mustn’t, should)

11
Answer Key

12
References

https://www.photocopiables.com2016

http://linguapress.com/grammar/modal-obligation.html

https://www.perfect-english-grammar.com modals of obligation

https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-difference-between-should-and-ought-
to
http://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/en/grammar-reference/modals-1

https://www.grammaring.com/modals-to-express-permission-prohibition-c
an-could-may-might-be-allowed-to-mustn’t-be-to
https://www.grammaring.com/modals-to-express-permission-prohibition-c
an-could-may-might-be-allowed-to-mustn’t-be-to

https://www.ecenglish.com/learnenglish/lessons/modal-verbs-1-permissio
n-prohibition-obligation-no-obligation

www.autoenglish.org>modal verbs

https://blogs.millersville.edu>subject/verbagreement

13
For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR)

Ground Floor, Bonifacio Building, DepEd Complex, Meralco Avenue,
Pasig City, Philippines 1600
Telefax: (02) 634-1072; 634-1054 o 631-4985
E-mail Address: blr.lrqad@deped.gov.ph * blr.lrpd@deped.gov.ph