UHS 2122-01

Pemikiran Kritis dan Kreatif

Assignment 3
Lecturer:
Name: Matric number: IC number:

MS. DAYANA SYUHANA SEJEH

choo mei ling (2SSM) AS090040 890811-08-6790

Time management is very critical skill that should be improve especially students. The simplest way is to make a personal timetable which can lead you use your time effectively and efficiently. It is easy if we follow the timetable and done it on time. We can

be punctual because we have clock and can found it everywhere. Clock is very important because it always remind us: how many times that we left? What should we do now? As far back as history itself, people have had the need to tell time, to some degree. The first attempts at time keeping involved tracking the moon cycles. Even today, some religious traditions rely on the phases of the moon, such as the date when Easter or Ramadan takes place. People as early as ancient Babylon had 19-year cycle where they tracked moonmonths. Normal years would have 12 moon months in this cycle, but it became necessary to add seven extra moon months during the cycle. After that, ancient Egypt created a calendar consisting of 12 30-day months. The extra five days were added at the end. Of course, a real year is 365 1/4 days long, so the Egyptian system led to slowly wandering seasons. However, the seasons wandered quite slowly. If you had an incredibly long 100-year life span, the year would only wander about 25 days in your lifetime. As civilization progressed, it eventually became necessary to break up the day into smaller increments. This led to the invention of the sundial. The sundial was a fairly simple invention. It was primarily a post in the ground that would measure the time of the day by the length of the shadows. Sundials were in use as far back as in ancient Egypt, and there still exists a sundial from about 1500 BC that was in use by Thutmose III. People didn't think of the hours like we do today. Hours did not last the same amount of time as they do now. The day was typically divided into 12 hours, but these hours were not the same length throughout the entire year. In the summer, there was more daylight, and the hours were longer. In the winter, the days were shorter, and so were the hours. Nevertheless, many Romans used the sundial to determine their meals. The problem with sundials was that they only worked when it was sunny. At night or on cloudy days, you were out of luck. This led to the invention of the water clock. Some clocks were based on the amount of water that flowed into a device; other clocks were based on the amount of water that flowed out of a device. The hours still varied from season to season. Night hours in the summer were a lot shorter than night hours in the winter. Some water clocks were used like hourglasses are today, to mark minutes. In the courts of

ancient Athens, water clocks that measured about six minute's time were used to measure time. Lawyers would get a certain amount of turns of the water clock to give their speeches. Over time, more creative clocks were developed. There were candle clocks, incense clocks, and even clocks that you could taste. Eventually, timepieces were invented that divided the day up differently than shifting hours. Medieval monks felt the need to tell the time so they could go to prayers. These early clocks did not have dials on them; rather, they had bells that would tell you the time. In fact, the word "clock" comes from the German word "Glocke," meaning bell. Monks had to go to prayers at the first light, at sunrise, in the middle of the morning, at noon, in the middle of the afternoon, at sunset, and at nightfall. Still, these early clocks were not divided up into the hours that we know of today. Around 1330, the modern hour, with 24 equal segments making up the day, was developed. Towers, usually located in churches and town halls, would sound the hours as they passed. These new clocks were still created without dials, as most of the population was illiterate and could not read the numbers. The hour hand was slowly introduced to clocks around the 14th century. Even then, the dials were not always the same, and they were not always like ours. Some had dials that went from 1 to 6, and went around the clock four times a day. Others had dials that went around the clock once a day, and had 24 hours. Eventually, these early clocks become quite creative. Some would track the tides, the locations of the planets, the days of the week, and even eclipses. Some would have mechanical processions, like the Magi bowing down to Mary. In the 1800s, Pennsylvania Dutch clockmakers who had come from the old world created clocks containing a parade of presidents. Clocks have come a long way from the Sundial. These are some of the timepieces that you can purchase today.