3rd Year | 1st Semester

Module 1: Aging Perspectives and Demography

Lecturer(s): Paulo Carl Mejia

OUTLINE STAGES OF OLDER ADULTS

I. Aging Perspectives Young old ● 65-75 years

II. Demographics of Aging
III. Healthcare Cost Middle Old ● 75-85 years
IV. Impact of Aging Members in the Family
● above 85 years (fastest
Oldest old
growing group)
AGING PERSPECTIVES
AGEISM Centenarians ● people over 100 years

● Bias against older people

● Based perception solely on their chronological age
not on their functional status
● Stereotyping characteristics of elderly
● Ex. weal, memory loss, poor, burden, dependent,
unreliable, lonely
GERIATRICS
● Branch of medicine that is used to study old age
● Focuses on physiology, pathology, diagnosis, and
medical management of the disorders and diseases
of older adults
● Curative aspect
GERONTOLOGY
● Refers to the combined biologic, psychological, and
psychological study of older adults within their
environment
● Carative aspect
GERONTOLOGIC NURSING
● Field of nursing that specializes in the nursing
process
● It includes assessment, nursing diagnosis, planning,
implementation, and evaluation of older adults
● All nursing settings from acute care, intermediate,
skilled care, extended facilities, and also in
community
DEMOGRAPHICS OF AGING
AGING
● Normal process of time-related change
● Starts at age 60 years old
● Or elderly, older adult/person, late adulthood, or
senior citizen
● It is the fastest growing age group than the rest of
population
● Composed of 12.8% of the population
● In 2030, it increase to 22% of population
● Increasing aging population (very old people)
● Because of declining fertility rate and rising life
expectancy
● Baby boomers - born between 1940-1960
GLOBAL AGING
● United Nations (2020)
○ Global population aged 60 years old and above
accounts to 962 million
○ In USA, around 53.7 million aging population
AGING IN THE PHILIPPINES
LIFE EXPECTANCY
● Average number of years a person is expected to live
● US census (2010) have reported that
○ Life expectancy increased to
■ Men: 75 y/o
■ Women: 80 y/o
● In Philippines, it was estimated that there are 4.6
million senior citizens
● For filipinos 57.4 years for males and 63.2 years for
females
● By 2030, the life expectancy is projected to increase
of 4.0 years for males and 4.7 years for females
● In Philippines, whereas, the 80 years and older
population is expected to increase by 0.4% from
2010 to 2030
LIFE SPAN
● Refers to the maximum number of years an individual
is expected to live in absence of diseases
● US Census (2010) have reported that life span
elderly group can live until the age of
○ Men- 85 years old
○ Women- 87 years old
AGE STRUCTURES
● The Philippines resembles many other developing
countries
● There is a greater proportion of younger Filipinos
in comparison to Older Filipinos
● In PH, it was estimated that there are 4.6 million
senior citizens (less than 5% of the population)

NCM 114 Lec - Geriatrics | Adelante 2024 | Module 1 1

 NURSING IMPLICATION
● Nurses are challenged to develop strategies to
address high prevalence of chronic illness to
aging population
● Sufficiency and availability of health services
● Assess their children who face competing demands
to care for their aging parents while taking care of
their own dependent children
HEALTHCARE COST
● Health care financing like government health
programs
● Medicare/Medicaid- major dominant payer in USA
that funds nursing homes costs, hospital services
cost
● PhilHealth - elderly enjoy 20% discount plus VAT
exemption during private hospital confinement

HOME HOSPICE COVERED UNDER THE

Annual Deaths and Death Rates
MEDICARE/MEDICAID HOSPICE BENEFIT
Rank Cause of Death Number Rate ROUTINE HOME CARE LEVEL
● Nursing care: provided by or under the supervision of
All causes 1,694,326 5,052.8 a registered nurse, available 24 hours a day
● Medical social services
1 Heart diseases 615,426 1,835.3 ● Physician’s services
● Counseling services, including dietary counseling
2 Malignant 381,142 1,136.6 ● Home health aide/homemaker
neoplasms, including ● physical/occupational/speech therapists
neoplasms of ● Volunteers
lymphatic and ● Bereavement follow - up (for up to 13 months
hematopoietic following the death of the patient)
tissues ● Medical equipment for the palliation of the terminal
illness
3 Cerebrovascular 138,762 413.8 ○ Comprehensive, given free
diseases ● Medications for the palliation of the terminal illness

4 Chronic obstructive 88,478 263.9 LIFE CARE PLANS

pulmonary disease ● Individualized document that assess and evaluate
and allied conditions elder’s present and future health care and living
needs
5 Pneumonia and 74,297 221.6 ● Average cost- 250,000-1 million
influenza ● Example: sunlife, manulife, philAm life
● Blueprint for what is expected in long term care
6 Diabetes mellitus 44,452 132.6 ● Standardized and efficient guidelines for medical and
ancillary quality-of-life services
7 Accidents and 29,099 86.8 ● Provides information about factors affecting
adverse effects individual’s health care and quality of life
● Provides guidelines for anticipated patient care
needs for family, insurance company, attorney,
Motor vehicle 7,626 22.7
medical professionals
crashes

LIFE CARE PLAN COMPONENTS

All other accidents 21,473 64.0
and adverse effects Life Care Plan Components
● Medial history
8 Alzheimer’s disease 20,230 60.3 ● Social history
● Family issues
9 Nephritis, nephrotic 20,182 60.2 ● Vocational /educational history
syndrome, and ● Projected medical evaluations
nephrosis ● Projected physical and occupational therapy
● Future medical care and medications
10 Septicemia 16,899 50.4 ● Therapeutic supplies
● Personal items
All other causes 265,395 791.4 ● Diagnostic testing
● Medical equipment and supply needs
● Recreational equipment
● Aids for independent functions

NCM 114 Lec - Geriatrics | Adelante 2024 | Module 1 2

● Home/Facility care
● Transportation needs
● Architectural renovations
● Potential medical complications
● Compromised financial status

IMPACT OF AGING MEMBERS IN THE FAMILY

IMPLICATIONS
● The tradition of caring for the old still lingers in filipino
family
● The older filipinos enjoy a significant amount of care
and support from their spouse and children
● Support: family, emotional, financial, companionship
REPUBLIC ACT 9994 OR THE EXPANDED
SENIOR CITIZEN ACT OF 2010
● Caring for the older persons by the family
● To encourage their families and the communities they
live with to reaffirm the valued filipino tradition of
caring for their senior citizens
● To provide a comprehensive health care for senior
citizens to foster capacity to attain a more meaningful
and productive aging
PHILIPPINE GOVERNMENT’S PROGRAM FOR
THE CARE OF OLDER PERSONS
● Home Care Support Services for Senior Citizens
Department of Social Welfare and Development
(DSWD)
● The need to improve capacities of family members,
kinship carers in caring for sick, frail, bedridden or
disabled elderly family members
● To promote stronger family ties, relationship, and
social responsibility

REFERENCES:

●
● Prof Mejia’s lecture PPT

NCM 114 Lec - Geriatrics | Adelante 2024 | Module 1 3