Cephradine Description

Generic Name: CEPHRADINE Trade Name(s): Anspor, Velosef Why it is prescribed: Cephradine, an antibiotic, eliminates bacteria that cause different kinds of infections, including pneumonia and infections of the ear, urinary tract, and skin. When it is to be taken: Cephradine is usually taken every six hours or every 12 hours for seven to ten days. Doses should be taken at evenly spaced intervals. For examples, if you are to take this drug four times a day, take a dose very six hours. However, if you cannot take the drug around the clock, take it at evenly spaced intervals between the time you wake up in the morning and the time you go to bed at night (e.g., at 7 a.m., noon, 5 p.m., and 10 p.m.). If you are to take cephradine every 12 hours, pick times that are easy for you to remember and that will not interfere with meals. Follow the instructions on your prescription label carefully. How it should be taken: Cephradine comes in the form of capsules and liquid to be taken orally. Your prescription label tells you how much to take at each dose. It is best to take cephradine on an empty stomach. Therefore, try to take it one hour before meals or at least two hours after meals. Capsules should be taken with a full glass of water. Liquid cephradine should be shaken well before each use to mix the medication evenly. Liquid doses should be measured with a specially marked measuring spoon. If you still have symptoms after you finish the cephradine, contact your doctor. Special Instruction: 1. Take all of the medication prescribed, even after the infection appears to have gone away. Failure to do so could allow the infection to return. 2. If you forget to take a dose, take the missed dose as soon as you remember it. Take any remaining doses for that day at evenly spaced intervals. Side Effects: 1. Vomiting. Take the medication with a light snack. 2. Diarrhea. If it is severe or continues for more than two days, contact your doctor. 3. Skin rash, shortness of breath, itching, hives. Stop taking the drug and contact your doctor immediately. 4. Unusual bleeding, bruising, painful mouth, throat sores. Contact your doctor. Other Precautions: 1. Before taking this medication, tell your doctor if you are allergic to penicillin, cephalosporins or any other medication; if you have kidney disease; or if you are pregnant or breast-feeding. 2. If you are taking medication for gout, such as probenecid, tell your doctor before taking cephradine. 3. If your doctor tells you to stop taking cephradine, throw away any unused medication. 4. Cephradine may lose its effectiveness over time and should not be saved to treat another infection. 5. Cephradine may cause false positive results in tests for sugar in the urine. Storage Conditions: 1. Keep this medication in the container it came in and out of the reach of children. 2. Store liquid cephradine in the refrigerator but not in the freezer. 3. The container will have an expiry date on it. Do not take the liquid cephradine after that date. Throw the medication away and if you need more, get a new supply. 4. Store capsules at room temperature.

http://stason.org/TULARC/health/Drugs-Herbs-Manual/Cephradine.html

Mefenamic Acid
Indication & Dosage Oral Rheumatoid arthritis, Mild to moderate pain, Dental pain, Postoperative pain, Dysmenorrhoea, Osteoarthritis, Menorrhagia Adult: 250-500 mg tid. Child: >6 mth: 25 mg/kg daily in divided doses for up to 7 days. Should be taken with food.

Administration

Contraindications Inflammatory bowel disease; peptic ulcer; neonates; pregnancy (3rd trimester), lactation. Coronary artery bypass graft surgery, severe renal impairment, severe heart failure. Special Precautions Adverse Drug Reactions Renal and hepatic impairment, asthma. Monitor blood counts and liver function during long-term therapy. Drowsiness may affect ability to perform skilled tasks. Elderly. Abdominal pain, dyspepsia, constipation, diarrhoea, nausea, GI ulcers; oedema; bronchospasm; headache, drowsiness, insomnia, visual disturbances; CHF, hypertension, tachycardia, syncope; urticaria, rash; thrombocytopenia, aplastic anaemia, agranulocytosis; tinnitus; elevated liver enzymes; abnormal renal function. Potentially Fatal: Autoimmune haemolytic anaemia; convulsions (overdosage). Enhances activity of oral anticoagulants but rarely significant. Increases risk of GI irritation with alcohol. Increased ciclosporin,lithium toxicity and convulsions reported with ciprofloxacin. Absorption increased by magnesium hydroxide antacids. ACE inhibitor effects may be antagonised. False-positive test for bile in urine.

Drug Interactions

Lab Interference Pregnancy Category (US FDA)

Category C: Either studies in animals have revealed adverse effects on the foetus (teratogenic or embryocidal or other) and there are no controlled studies in women or studies in women and animals are not available. Drugs should be given only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the foetus.

in 3rd trimester or near delivery. Category D: There is positive evidence of human foetal risk, but the benefits from use in pregnant women may be acceptable despite the risk (e.g., if the drug is needed in a life-threatening situation or for a serious disease for which safer drugs cannot be used or are ineffective). Mechanism of Mefenamic acid inhibits the enzymes cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 and COX-2

Action

and reduces the formation of prostaglandins and leukotrienes. It also acts as an antagonist at prostaglandin receptor sites. It has analgesic and antipyretic properties with minor anti-inflammatory activity. Absorption: Absorbed from the GIT (oral); peak plasma concentrations after 2-4 hrs. Distribution: Enters breast milk (small amounts). >90% bound to plasma albumin. Apparent volume of distribution 1.06 l/kg. Metabolism: Hepatic via enzyme CYP2C9. Excretion: Urine (52%) as unchanged drug and metabolites; faeces (20%). Elimination half life 2-4 hrs. Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) M01AG01 - Mefenamic acid ; Belongs to the class of non-steroidal antiinflammatory and antirheumatic products, fenamates.

MIMS Class ATC Classification

http://www.mims.com/USA/drug/info/mefenamic%20acid/?type=full&mtype=generic#Actions

OB/GYN: A commonly used abbreviation. OB is short for obstetrics or for an obstetrician, a physician who delivers babies. GYN is short for gynecology or for a gynecologist, a physician who specializes in treating diseases of the female reproductive organs. The word "gynecology" comes from the Greek gyno, gynaikos meaning woman + logia meaning study, so gynecology literally is the study of women. These days gynecology is focused largely on disorders of the female reproductive organs. An obstetrician/gynecologist (OB/GYN) is therefore a physician who both delivers babies and treats diseases of the female reproductive organs. OB abbreviation
DTRs = deep tendon reflexes (used to check for mag toxicity) PP = postpartum AP = antepartum PIH = pregnancy-induced hypertension FHR = fetal heart rate (may also see FHTs = fetal heart tones) PTL = preterm labor VS and I/O mean the same as anywhere else It is true that a lot of abbreviations get used that we don't really think about them not making sense to someone who doesn't work in that field. Course, that's probably the case for any field. Other ones you might see: NSVD= normal spontaneous vaginal delivery VE = vacuum extraction VBAC = vaginal birth after cesarean PDI = post-dates induction BBO2 = blow by O2 (for babies who need a little help) AROM/SROM = artificial rupture of membranes/spontaneous rupture AMA = advanced maternal age (>/= 35 yo) BF = breastfeeding FF @ u = fundus firm at umbilicus (also may see u-1,2, etc. meaning that fundus is 1cm below umbilicus) PROM = premature/preterm rupture of membranes