Group No-1

Catherine Nikita PGP13060

Divya Ghodke PGP13077

Dinesh Garg PGP13077

Darian Laitphlang PGP13068

Debaloy Dey PGP13069

Deepanshu Dalal PGP13070

Hiba Jaleel PGP13094

Ishika Soni IPM01028

Janani R PGP13098

Soham Chorghe PGP13066

Introduction

As Rafiki the mandrill, the kingdom's official shaman and advisor ,hoisted up the young future cub
monarch of the vast Pride Lands situated in the vast Savannah plains,the kingdom rejoiced in
anticipation of continued peace and harmony in the kingdom.After all he was the son and mentee
of Mufasa the brave, a king known for his wisdom and instructiveness, borne down by years of
experience and tutelage. Little did the populace know that the fate of the kingdom would plummet
down a dreary dismal abyss owing to the naivety of the and sheer immaturity of their future heir.

Background

Our tale takes place in the Pride Lands of Africa where a pride of lions govern the plains from
their seat of power which was aptly given the epithet of pride rock.During this time the reigning
Monarch of the plains , Mufasa and his Queen,the fierce Sarabi,had a son name Simba, a young
inquisitive cub,with a powerful impulse for adventure and exploration.The young cub was destined
for the throne as corroborated by his coronation ceremony at pride rock.

The ceremony drew the positive attention of the entire kingdom except for our main antagonist
scar who was repulsed by the fact that he was no longer in line for the throne.In his annoyance
scar boycotted the ceremony altogether. When Mufasa confronted him about his absence,Scar
simply replied in an impudent and sarcastic tone before attempting to evade the crux of his
disgruntlement altogether by making a quick exit, to which Mufasa countered by demanding Scar
to abruptly turn around.Scar retorted by informing Mufasa that he should be the one who should
not turn is back against him, conotating a subtle threat.The entire fiasco forms the prevailing
undertone of power tension and sibling rivalry.

Scar the younger brother in our tale was always jealous,bitter and resentful of his older brother
Mufasa who was a diametrically dissimilar in every way, that would ineluctably cast an
unfavorable comparison in scars favour.The birth of his nephew Simba only seemed to aggravate
his hostility towards his brother owing to the fact that his nephew has now effectively evaporated
any hopes of Scar ascending the throne in a legitimate way without the use of malicious means.
Simba

Simba during his formative years as a cub could be described as impetuous, innocent and
adventurous, whose urge for venturing into the unknown resulted in him disobeying a direct
prohibition by his father, as he forbade him into venturing off into the shadowy lands compelled
by his fanciful delusions of grandeur that a a king could do whatever he pleased without the thought
of any reproach or repercussions. Despite the lesson his father imparted to him on the necessity of
maintaining a balance (Circle of Life) between predator and prey by invoking the example of lions
and antelopes on the cusp of sunrise and reminding him that there is more to kingship than just
having the agency to do whatever one pleases.These lessons however seemed to have a exerted a
minimal influence on Simba.

Simba was imbued with a sense of innocence and wonder about the world,something that was akin
to most youngsters, worldview that could be characterized as seeing through rose coloured
lenses.He seemed to have a playful and trusting relationship with his uncle scar, relations which
could best be characterized as ,at least on the part of Simba genuine familial love.

Elephant Graveyard Incident and an Invitation

When Zazu the hornbill informed Mufasa that a pack of hyenas had invaded Pridelands, Mufasa
hurriedly rushed to the spot while stringently warning that Simba must not follow him to the
altercation. In his disappointment Simba trotted back to Pride Rock where he met his uncle
Scar.Simba upon meeting his uncle bragged that he was going to be the king one day to which
Scar responded that he would not be able to leap for joy owing to his bad back. When his uncle
asked Simba whether his father had shown him the entire kingdom including the Northern
border,Simba dejectedly informed his Uncle that his father had imposed an injunction upon
venturing into that area. Scar reaffirms Mufasa’s concerning by underscoring the fact that such a
perilous place could only be charted by brave individuals which was not a befitting delineation of
Simba.This only served to reinforce his desire to visit the area even more
After this Simba enlisted the company of his best friend Nala and ventured off into the Elephant
graveyard where they encountered three Hyenas Shenzi, Banzai, and Ed who by sheer
happenstance seemed to have known the cubs would be there and pursue them with the intent of
killing them off.Mufasa is alerted of the incident by Zazu and rescues the cubs. Though
disappointed in Simba, Mufasa eventually forgives him and explains that the great kings of the
past watch over them from the night sky, from which he will one day watch over Simba.After
some time had passed, Scar invited Simba to accompany him to a gorge where his uncle had
planned a surprise for Mufasa

Upon arriving at the place scar left his nephew stating that he would bring his father to the spot.
In the blink of an eye a stampede of wild buffaloes ensued threatening Simbas’s life. However
Mufasa was alerted by an overly exaggerated Scar that his son was in danger.Mufasa managed to
save his son but is left clinging to the edge of a cliff, which tragically results in him falling
helplessly into the stampede below to his impending death. After the stampede subsided, Simba
went to the gorge's bottom and began searching for Mufasa.He eventually discovered his father's
lifeless body and sought to resurrect him.Simba called out for aid when Mufasa remained
immobile. He eventually gave up and began to cry.Through sobs, he climbed beneath one of
Mufasa's paws and lay still.

Just then Scar appears out of nowhere and convinces Simba that he was the one who was genuinely
accountable for his own father's death. Simba tried to defend himself stating that it was entirely an
accident however scar disingenuously tried to console him but at the same time he guilt tripped
him into a self initiated exile of Pride Lands by invoking the anguish and sadness on his mother's
face upon hearing about his father's untimely demise and the potential role Simba played in this
regard. After all of this Simba willingly obliges and sets off desperately on a journey far away
from the home he has come to love and adore.

Teaching Notes
Synopsis
The huge Pride Lands, which are located on the wide Savannah plains, will continue to be a place
of peace and harmony, as Rafiki the mandrill, the kingdom's official shaman and advisor, lifted up
the small future cub ruler. He was, after all, the descendant of Mufasa the Brave, a king renowned
for his knowledge and inquisitive demeanor, tempered by years of experience and instruction. The
general people had no idea that the future heir's gullibility had allowed him to fall victim to the
duplicity of his cunning uncle, who had used the frailty of a devoted father to seize the crown from
his brother, whom he hated dearly.
Intended Use

This case study was created to provide a deep insight into perception and how it affects an
individual’s decision-making process. This case can be used in classroom courses related to
Human Behaviour. It can also be used in other Arts & Humanities courses. It can be used as a
teaching aid to give students a practical way of understanding different perceptions. An in-depth
discussion of around 75 minutes will be sufficient to gain a good understanding of various factors
that affect perception and decision-making process. Students can gain more from this case if they
have prior knowledge about topics such as personality, values and attitudes. Hence, we would
recommend teaching such topics before diving into this case. Concepts such as emotions, moods
and motivation can be built on the topics learnt in this case.

Learning Objectives
The learning objectives of this case are:
1. Understand the factors that influence perception
2. How perception affects decision making
3. How an individual makes decision
4. The common errors and biases in an individual’s decision making process

Decision-making is a complex process that differs from one individual to another. Decisions are
strongly influenced by an individual’s past experiences, intuition, biases, personal motives and
other external factors. Rational thinking combined with logic and trusting data is required to arrive
at an effective decision but this is not how decisions are usually made. Unknowingly, individuals
let emotions and personal factors get in the way of their decision-making process which leads to
ineffective decision making. In a corporate environment it is absolutely vital to make decisions
that are backed by sound logic, thorough analysis of data and rationalized judgements.

To learn how to make effective decisions, one needs to first understand what affects the decision-
making process. One of the factors that affects the way people make decisions is their perception
about various things. Perception is the process by which individuals understand and interpret the
things around them. People’s behavior is based on their perception of their surroundings and their
perception of the reality may not actually be the reality. Hence it is important to understand the
factors that influence perception and how it affects decision making.

Decision making is also affected by various biases that each individual has. An individual may not
realize how their biases reflect on their decisions hence it is necessary to be aware of the biases we
may have and then learn how we can avoid these biases and errors. Being armed with the
knowledge of how decisions are made and what factors affect it will enable us to make effective
and rational decisions.

Theory and Concepts

1. Factors that influence perception

a. Perceiver
b. Target
c. Context
2. Attribution theory largely depends on three factors
a. Distinctiveness
b. Consensus
c. Consistency
3. Ways of decision maki mng
a. Rational model’
b. Bounded rationality
c. Intuition
4. Common biases and errors in decision making
a. Overconfidence bias
 b. Randomness error
c. Availability bias.
5. Individual differences that affect decision making
a. Personality
b. Mental ability

Discussion Questions

1. What were the factors that influenced Simba’s perception of Scar?

2. What biases or errors were there in Simba’s decision of going to the shadowy place?
3. In which scene can you apply attribution theory?
4. What decision-making model did Simba use in going to the shadowy place?
5. How did individual differences affect Scar and Mufasa’s decisions?
6. Contrast the decision-making model employed by Mufasa and Simba.

Epilogue
Scar took Simba to a giant gorge under the false pretense that he was going to give him a surprise.
He then trots off to tell Mufasa that Simba is caught in a stampede. Meanwhile, the hyenas who
were waiting at the top of the gorge set off a wildebeest stampede. An entire herd of wildebeests
storm into the gorge. Simba gets caught in the stampede. Mufasa on hearing that Simba is in danger
runs to the gorge. Mufasa manages to save Simba but couldn’t escape the stampede himself. He is
left hanging at the edge of the cliff when Scar walks up to him. Mufasa begs Scar to pull him up
not knowing it was Scar who planned the entire ruse. Scar then pushes Mufasa off the cliff, sending
him plummeting to his death. Scar rejoices as his dream of becoming the king can finally be
fulfilled. He has one last impediment to cross which is Simba. Scar goes down to the gorge and
finds Simba weeping at his father’s death. Scar then tells Simba that he is the reason Mufasa is
dead. Simba cries inconsolab;y as he tries explaining how it was a mistake. Scar convinces Simba
to run away from his home before someone finds out what happened. Fleeing Simba out of his
home was not Scar’s plan though. Scar wanted to finish him off as he didn’t want to take the
slightest chance that Simba might learn the truth and come back one day. So, he orders the hyenas
to kill Simba but Simba manages to outrun them.
Case Analysis

Situation:

Pride Lands, an area in Kenya, Africa is ruled by a pride of lions. Its leader, King Mufasa, who
rules benevolently from his home, Pride Rock, attends the presentation of his newborn son, Simba,
to the assembly of animals that make up the kingdom. His advisor and shaman, a baboon named
Rafiki, hoists young Simba into the air atop a rocky pinnacle, and the animals cheer. Mufasa waves
his hand across the land, explaining that Simba will be responsible for it once he becomes king.
He also explains the “circle of life,” the sacred relationship between birth and death that connects
all living creatures.
Scar, Mufasa's younger brother, wants to steal the throne when Simba reaches adulthood. Scar
intends to murder Mufasa and Simba. He entices Simba and his closest friend and eventual wife
and pride queen, the young lioness Nala, to investigate a deadly elephant graveyard. A trio of
Scar's spotted hyenas attack them there. Mufasa goes to save the cubs after learning about the
ambush from his messenger hornbill Zazu. Mufasa is unhappy with Simba, but he forgives him,
taking him to a pasture and explaining that rulers in the past watched from the stars, much as he
would one day look over Africa's prides.
After his failed attempt to kill Simba, Scar lures him and Mufasa into a ravine where his hyenas
cause a stampede of wildebeest, hoping to have them trampled. Scar initially lures Simba and then
warns Mufasa of Simba's peril. Mufasa hurries back to help Simba, but he is left dangling on the
brink of the ravine. Instead of helping him, Scar throws him into the ravine, where he dies. Scar
convinces Simba that Mufasa's death was his fault and advises him to flee the realm. Scar informs
the rest of the pride that the wildebeest murdered both Mufasa and his son, Simba, as Simba flees
with the hyenas in pursuit. Scar becomes the new king of Pride Lands.

Actors:
Simba - son of Mufasa and Sarabi, who grows up to become King of the Pride Lands
Mufasa - Simba's father, King of the Pride Lands as the film begins
Scar - Mufasa's younger brother and rival, the film's main antagonist, who seizes the throne.
Sarabi - Queen of Pride Lands, Mufasa's wife, Simba's mother, and the leader of the lioness
hunting party.
Nala - Simba's best friend and later his wife and Queen of the Pride Lands.
Rafiki - an old Mandrill who serves as shaman of the Pride Lands and presents newborn cubs of
the King and Queen to the animals of the Pride Lands.
Timon - a wisecracking and self-absorbed yet somewhat loyal bipedal meerkat who becomes one
of Simba's best friends and adoptive parents.
Pumbaa - a naïve warthog who suffers from flatulence and is Timon's best friend and also
becomes one of Simba's best friends and adoptive parents.
Zazu - a hornbill who serves as the king's majordomo.
Shenzi, Banzai, Ed - the three leaders hyenas clan, supposed "friends" of Scar who participate in
his plot in the death of Mufasa and Simba.
Shenzi - the sassy and short-tempered female leader of the trio.
Banzai - an aggressive and hot-headed hyena prone to complaining and acting on impulse.
Ed - a dimwitted hyena who does not talk, only communicating through laughter.

Process:
1. Perception: In order to represent and comprehend the information or environment being
given, perception involves the organization, identification, and interpretation of sensory
data.
2. Individual decision making: Individual decision-making refers to the process when an
individual chooses the course of action to be taken in the business from a variety of
possibilities, whereas collective decision-making refers to the group decision that occurs
at the group's mutual consent.
3. Emotions: An emotion often lasts only a brief time yet is quite powerful. Additionally, it's
likely that emotions have a clear origin. Short Intense felling resulting from some event.

Learnings:
Perception: In order to give meaning to the surroundings, people organise and interpret their
sensory experiences through the process of perception. However, what we experience and what is
actually true might diverge significantly. Recognising, watching, and discriminating are only a
few of the behaviours that are involved in the process or outcome of being aware of things,
connections, and events through the senses.
In Lion King, the perception of Simba has been influenced by many factors. Some of these factors
have already been classified according to the perceiver, Situational and Target.
Here in the case, the Perceiver is Simba, Situational factors can be the time, Social Setting and
environment, and Target is Scar.

Factors affecting the Perception:

1. Factors in the Perceiver - Simba
Attitude- In the case, Simba is playful, energetic, and naive. The attitude of Simba
towards the target was trustworthy, blood relative, playful.
Motives- The motive of the perceiver is not clear until the death of his father Mufasa. The
Perceiver was considering Scar as one of his closest family members. His motive is to stay
connected with his uncle and play with him.
Interests- The interest of the perceiver lies in the interest of his father and his uncle. He is
also interested in the well being of the kingdom.
Experiences- The perceiver experienced the dangerous situation in elephant grave yard
because of the planning of Scar, but simba is unaware of this.
Expectations- Simba’s expectations from his uncle was that he will guide him throughout
his journey of life. He consider his uncle as his second father and trusted him in everything.
Simba also follow all the orders given by his uncle.
2. Factors in the Situation
Time- The perception of Simba has build since his birth time. He was seeing his uncle
since he was born and he haven’t seen any negative side of his uncle.
Social Setting- The Kingdom within which they are living has some rules and traditions
that must have been followed by the king family. The perception simba is also dependent
on the Social setting within which he is living.
Environment- The environment is quite a similar factor to the Social setting but here also
includes the situational behaviour of the pereciver and target.
3. Factors in the Target
 Background- The Background is the kingdom and the legacy that the king family is having
of getting the crown of the kingdom.
Proximity- The proximity between the target and the perceiver is due to the blood relation.
So this is also making
Selective perception: People that engage in selective perception only take in the information
they want to while dismissing conflicting opinions. It is a general phrase to describe the tendency
that all people have to "see things" in accordance with their unique frame of reference.
Here in this case Simba selected the perception of Scar as a good friend who is trying to help him
to become a good king in the future.
Halo Effect-
A halo effect occurs when we form an overall opinion of a person based on only one trait, such as
intellect, friendliness, or looks. Here in the case, Simba applied the halo effect by getting an
impression about his uncle on the basis of the socialibility and the apperance.
Attribution theory-
The idea behind attribution theory is to examine how common individuals give reasons for actions
and occurrences. Here simba went to graveyard to prove his father that he can be a good king after
the incident with the hyenas. Here the justification by simba is that he want to prove his father that
he is a good king.

Available Alternatives -
 Simba should have mentioned to his mother where he is going.
 Simba’s parents must have been careful.
 Mufasa's friends should have monitored Simba properly.
 He should have been careful with Scar after the hyenas incident.
 After the hyenas incident Musfasa should have taken some action against Scar.

Possible Outcomes -
If Mufasa and Sarabi had been more careful about Scar and his intentions, this would have not
happened and Mufasa would have not been died. If all the available alternatives had been
implemented, the outcome would have been the wellness of the kingdom and also exile of the Scar
from the Pride Land.
The ignorance of Scar and the careless attitude of Mufasa and Sarabi have lead Mufasa to the death
and as a result of that Simba had to leave the Pride land.

Solutions
Decisions should be based on reasearch rather than intuition