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Church Fathers
The Church Fathers read the text of Ezekiel 28:11–19 in a way that differs
radically to that of their rabbinic contemporaries. For the classical rab-
binic authorities the text was speaking of the first man, Adam; but for the
Church Fathers the text speaks of Satan—and the demonic forces under
his charge—brought low on account of his hubris.
The oracle against the king of Tyre is referred to in a number of works
by the Church Fathers: from the period preceding the decisive council of
Nicaea it is taken up by Tertullian, Hippolytus, and Origen; of the post-
Nicene Fathers, Cyril of Jerusalem, John Chrysostom, Jerome, and Augus-
tine of Hippo concern us.
One similarity to the rabbinic material we reviewed in the previous
chapter immediately confronts us from a survey of the Church Fathers:
they do not have a lot to say about Ezekiel 28. It was clearly not a well-
spring for major theological speculation for the Fathers. As with the rabbis,
we find Ezekiel 28 being used to support a point being made, more often
than forming the basis for the discussion itself. Only Origen and Jerome
provide any extended discussion of chapter 28 as a whole, in the form of
a homily and letter (respectively). Yet in spite of this, what the Fathers
draw from Ezekiel 28 has consistency. The most persistent interpretation
offered by the Fathers is that Ezekiel 28 describes the fall of Satan. For
Hippolytus it centres on the coming Antichrist, and for Origen it concerns
hostile forces more generally. Chrysostom stands alone in reflecting more
generally on morality and mortality.
Tertullian
1
For biography and further bibliography: Siniscalco, ‘Tertullian’; Moreschini and
Norelli, Early Christian Greek and Latin Literature, Vol. 1, 332–57; Kannengiesser, Handbook
of Patristic Exegesis, 593, 602–3, 606–7.
42 chapter three
2
Introduction to the work: Braun, Tertullien: Contre Marcion Tome I. Livre I, 31–80;
Evans, Tertullian: Adversus Marcionem, I, xvii–xxi.
3
Kannengiesser, Handbook of Patristic Exegesis, 602, 606–607.