‘Comprehensive LET Reviewer Specialization -English Book? 61 ed? 17. TRANSLATION AND EDITING OF TEXT 17.1 Apply the rules of discourse and rhetoric in editing various kinds of written materials 17.2 Demonstrate understanding of basic theories and concepts as applied to the writing and editing of various types of texts were missing. 17.3 Apply..prineiples andBtrategies in translating texts of various types from English to another language or from res another language to English 295. Which word is erroncous in the sentence “Who do you choose to lead the aay nation”? should immediately aiwee ete B. Choose D. Nation 296. Which type of error is evident in the sentence “I came, | saw, I conquered”? A. Parallelism C. Capitalization B. Spelling D. Punctuation CEPT ant point 297. Which of the following components are required by most translation n array of facts is a perspectives? s Sensitivity to style and faithfulness to content Sensitivity to style and faithfulness to register Faithfulness to register and avoidance of utopia Faithfulness to content and avoidance of domestication parE Which perspective considers the speaker and his/her background when translating text? A. Communicative C. Linguistic B. Philological D. Socio-semiotic62 Comprehensive LET Reviewer Specialization — English Book 2 299. What technique does a translator utilize when s/he uses generic terms to 18. SPEEC culturally sensitive words such as “pasma” and “tampo” without direct 18.1 D equivalent? 7 A. Closest Equivalence C. Idiomatic Translation P B. Cultural Equivalence D. Generic Correspondence in 305. Which is} 300. Which is the best translation for the verse “For He gave order and perfection to seven firmaments” (Koran 2:29)? = A. Ment B. Ment A. Dahil Siya ang nagbigay kaayusan at kagalingan sa pitong kalangitan C. imag B. Sapagkat Siya ang nagbigay kaayusan at kagalingan mula sa pitong kalangitan oie C. Dahil Siya ang nagbigay kaayusan at kagalingan hanggang sa pitong kalangitan : D. Sapagkat Siye ang nagbigay kaayusan at perpeksyon mula sa pitong 306. Which is kalangitan A. Autis B. Chil 301." Which is the translation of the term “kikay” according 10 Oxford English Dictionary? 307. Which is A. Vain C. Seductive A. Addi B. Flirtatious D. Fabulous B. Elim 302. When translating Derrida’s work, writers need to observe abusive fidelity. Which 308. Which of of the following may be added while maintaining Derrida’s syntax, lexicon, and pun? A. The! B. The: A. Coordinating Conjunetions _C. Adverbs C. The: B. Adjectives D. Prepositions D. The: 303. Which of the following elements of the works of Stephen Kung, Danielle Steel, 309. Which is and John Grisham may NOT be translated into French? i A. Shak A. Genre C. Characterization B. Ham B. Setting D. Theme ©. Nar D. Char 304. Which of the following can a translator add to translation to clarify through definitions and citations? A. Interpretation C. Version B. Comments D. Annotation a ceeComprehensive LET Reviewer Specialization English Book2 63 eneric terms to without direct ce -and perfection to alangitan pitong kalangitan 2 pitong 2 pitong ) Oxford English ® fidelity. Which nian. lexicon, and 1g. Danielle Steel, 9 clarify through 18. SPEECH AND STAGE ARTS 305. 307. 308, 309. 18.1 Demonstrate understanding of the process. of oral communication and the various forms of speech arts from public speaking and group discussions to debate, oral interpretation, and dramatics Which is NOT’an example of visualization before performing literary text? ‘A. Mentally outlining performance B. Mentally reacting to possible threats of performance C. Imagining oneself walking on stage D. Imagining oneself finishing the performance Which is NOT an example of “exigence” of literary piece to be staged? A. Autism: C. Crush B. Child Labor D. Morning Sun Which is NOT covered by ethical use of literature when cutting and adapting? A. Adding scenes C. Rewriting text B. Eliminating characters D. Shortening of text Which of the following is an example of metatext? A. The literary allusion in “Anna in the Tropics” B. The reviews on “Anna in the Tropics” published online C. The translation of “Les Miserables” D. The analysis of stock figures and archeotypes in “Anna Karenina” Which is an example of a cross of the fourth wall? A. Shakespeare's characters saying an aside to the audience B. Hamlet’s soliloquy Narrator being detached from characters D. Characters doing apostrophe with God as addressee(Comprehensive LET Reviewer Specialization - English Book 2 310. 31 312. 313 314, 3is. Which is NOT an example of cultural story? A. Aesop's fables C. The Parable of Talents B. Little Red Riding Hood D. The Good Barth (P. $. Buck) Which is an example of spectacle in a stage play? A. The set _C. The budget B. The audience D. The twist Which of the following actors uses emotional memory? A. An actor who is stereotyped for a dramatic role B. An actor who is an understudy but performs better C. An actor who uses related incident to relive feelings D. An actor who analyzes chatacter’s motives to intemalize Which of the following is ignored in color-blind casting? +A, Popularity of non-theater actors C. Nationality of actors B. Talent fees of veteran actors D, Preference of director Which scene requires gaze on the part of actors? ‘A. Lovers preparing for a kiss C. Protagonists having an intense argument B. Witnesses seeing a crime D. Antagonist delivering monologue Which is the study of literature through the oral performance of a speaker who creates and recreates the meaning and mood of the selection? A. Declamation C. Poetry Interpretation B. Oral Interpretation D. Public Speaking 19, CREAT 316. 317. 318. 319, 320. 321 19.1 Ay in an Which ple A. Populi B. Royal Which bei A. Popul B. Royal Which ki Wrath? A. Worki B, Idea Which fig condition A. Pun B. Oxym Which po A. First p B. Third Which of A, Black B, E-booComprehensive LET Reviewer Specialization English Book2 65 Buck) intense argument ponologue of a speaker who 31 31 31 31 19. CREATIVE WRITING 19.1 Apply theories, concepts and skills in creative*writing to include biographical sketches, fiction, creative non-fiction and poetry 6. Which pleasure in writing may réfatives of deceased writers likely enjoy? A. Popularity C. Readership B. Royalty - 7. Which benefit of writing do bylines provide? A. Popularity C. Readership B. Royalty D. Self-Expression 8. Which kind of journal did John Steinbeck jeep before publishing Grapes of Wrath? A. Working C. Common Place B. Idea D. All aspect 9. Which figure of speech does a writer use when she describes his or her condition as horribly fine? A, Pun C. Portmanteau B. Oxymoron D. Hyperbole 320. Which point of view is used in autobiography? First person C. Second person B. Third person D, Stream of consciousness 321. Which of the following is portmanteau word? A. Black gold C. FAN-ny B, E-book D. Thin and tiny66 Comprehensive LET Reviewer Specialization — English Book 2 322. Which criterion in effective diction is met when a writer uses Pantene instead of shampoo? A, Denotation C. Conereteness B. Connotation D. Accuracy 323. What type of diction error is in the next sentence? The prime suspect for diarrhea among th household members. (filthy kitchen is the A. Over modification C. Use of archaic term B. Excessive variation D. Usef highfalutin word 324, What pre-requisite to writing did the writers Herman Melville (Moby Dick), Juan Crisostomo Soto (Lidia), and Dan Brown do (Angels and Demons) before writing their stipulated celebrated works? A. immersion C. Imagination _B. Research D. Journaling 325. Which character is created to contradict another character and invite audience to rethink? A. Antagonist C. Foil B. Protagonist D. Flat 326. What type of exposition is used in the excerpt below? “Dr. Jekyll reiterated to Mr. Utterson that his decision was final regarding the will, that nothing could change it. “I hope you understand, that 1 really have ‘great interest in poor Hyde...” A. Flashback C.Epiphany B. Foreshadowing D. Scene 327. Which words in the following excerpt observe the quality verisimilitude? “He asked his girlfriend why she is unusually quiet. She answered, ‘Nothing’.” A. Asked and answered C. Quiet and nothing B. He and girlfriend D. He and she 329. 330. Which is desperate | and tempti A. Needle B. Suddei ‘What type “Michael crumpled living his A. Detact B. Interio What is t could be : A. Anony B. Archa «What type 1. End rhy HL Interna UL. Eye th Ae Bu Which ty of Huckle A. Mains B. Categ What is A. Roun B, FlatComprehensive LET Reviewer Specialization — English Book2 67 Pantene instead of filthy kitchen is the d ville (Moby Dick), Demons) before ‘vite audience to al regarding the that I really have similitude? red, ‘Nothing’.” 328. Which is the problem of narration evident in the next excerpt? “Mon was desperate for a weapon to defend himself and instantly found the knife resting and tempting,” A. Needless complication C. Sudden omniscience B. Sudden comfort D. Pogo Stick 329. What type df-pdint of view is used in the next excerpt? “Michael is a pitiful specimen. Permanent shaving rash, whiny voice. He looks crumpled and pale a¥ a parched mushroom. I used 10 have a fantasy about him living his eventless little life in the small cupboard under my stairs.” A. Detached Autobiography C. Dramatic Monologue B. Interior Monologue D. Unreliable 330. What is the poetic problem in the next excerpt? “Midhoary trees her shadows could be seen” A. Anonymous Voice C. Appealing Abstraction B. Archaic Diction D. For the sake of rhyme 331. What type of rhyme can be associated with assonance and consonance? 1, End rhyme 1 Internal rhyme HL Eye thyme A. Lonly C. Ill only B. Monly D.1, Hand LL 332. Which type of fiction has distinct themes such as Mark Twain’ of Huckleberry Finn and The Adventure of Tom Sawyer?” A. Mainstream C. Science Fiction B. Category D. Modern Fiction 333, What is the usual type of a main character according to description? A. Round . Protagonist B. Flat D. Antagonist68 Comprehensive LET 3r Specialization - English Book 2 334. What kind of character is a A. Foil B. Stock stepmother such that in Cinderella? C. Dynamic D. Static 335. What type of characterization is used in the next excerpt? “Sheryl’s hair was always unkempt..She does not devoté precious time to com the tangled strands busying herself with her reading,” A. Direct B. Indirect C. Implied D. Understood 336. What style in dialogue is evident in the next excerpt? “‘Itay,’ Pablo said while putting together in his head the next consoling words.” A. Local Color B. Fonnality C. Stating the Obvious D. Contraction 337. What problem in dialogue may be encountered when an author uses detailed eulogy in the wake of an accomplished man’ A. Dialect B. Long Speech 338. Which prerequisite to res thieves to write her book “ A. Documentation B. Immersion C. Swearing D. Lack of verisimilitude arch did Comelia Funke do by living with street ‘he Thief Lord”? C. Portfolio D. Interview 339. Which technique does a writer use when s/he describes something while tapping different senses? A. Figures of Speech B, Idiomatic Expression C. Imagery D, Local Color 340. Which technique does a writer use when s/he refers to a sight of an ugly picture as “a blast from the past”? A. Pun B. Litotes C. Simile D. Metaphor Option B. § Amiscue ¥ is broken i similarity. pronunciati Option B. J ‘in unaidec higher ow Option D. Independe Jess word questions Level. Thi ‘Comprehe Option B. £ Dysgraphi paper and Dyscalcul information Option C. instruction an etabora (Do you w The other Option C. Dyslexia- with the w within the dificuty g that cause ‘computati Option A. Affective | Social fea Compens:Comprehensive LET Reviewer Specialization English Book? 69 jus time to comb 2 3 * Pablo’ said while 4 cr uses detailed 8 2 with street 6 ring while tapping 7 of an ugly picture ANSWER KEY AND RATIONALIZATIONS Option 8. Some graphic similarity A miscue would be considered having some graphic similarly if one of the three parts @ word is broken inio is visually sivilar to the text printed word when broken into thirds. No graphic similarity. A miscue is of no graphic similarity when the text-printed word and the reader's pronunciation of the word do not have"anj’common letters or number of letters, Option B. Aided retelling In unaided retelling, the eacher praises the reader and asks the sludent to tell the story in hisiner own words. ~ Option 0. Instructionat Reading Level Independent Reading Level, Easy reading. In oral reading, a child would have one or less word calling errors In 100 words of text, with 100 percent accuracy on comprehension questions about the story. A student could read it alone with ease. Frustration Reading Level. This is too hard for the reader. Word errors are over 5 per 100 words of tex Comprehension questions are below 70 percent accuracy. Option B. Dyslexia, Dysgraphia-affects the abilty to recognize forms in letters, to write letters and-words on paper end to understand the-relationship between sounds, spoken words and written leters. Dyscalculatype of leaming disabilty that causes students to show inabilly to process information using numerical figures and poor computational and logical-mathematical skis. Option C. For the child who has difficulty with interaction, use aucitory aids, repeat an instruction if requested, phrase questions carefully, and use open-ended questions requiring ‘an elaboration (what do you tke to drink”), than closed questions indicating a preference (Do you want orange or rik?) The other items can help remediate the cited learning difficulties, Option C. Dysgraphia Dyslexia- type of reading disability that causes students to have the confusion and difficulty with the writen language, particularly in reading and spelling, tendency to interchange fetters within the words when reading or speting, confuse letters such as b, d, p, and q, and have dificuty grasping sound-letter associations in words. Dyscalcula-lype of learning disabitty that causes students to show inability to process information using numerical figures and poor computational and logical-mathematical skis. Option A. Metacognitive Affective learning strategy- (e.g.selfencouragement, anxiety reduction} Social learning strategy (e.9.ask questions, become culturally aware) Compensation learning strategy-(e.9. guessing meanings, using synonyms)70 Comprehensive LET Reviewer Specialization — English Volume 2 10. "1 2 8. 14 15. 16. 117. 8. 19. 20. Option B. It is syntactically incorrect, Miscue analysis focuses specifically on “cueing systems’ used by the reader labeled as the graphophonic system (visual cues based on graphic similarity), the syntactic system {syntax or structure cues- sentence the reader might produce in histher dizlect of the language in which the text appears), and the semantic system (meaning cues- what the student has read make sense). Option C. Previews a selection and rereads difficult passages—> The other items are ordinary things done during reading, Option C. Reading is driven by the text, not the reader The other choices describe top-down model. Option A. expressive disorder Auditory processing disorder manifests through diffculty to process what has been said, to make sense of what is heard, to distinguish between syllables, words and sentences, and may be particularly upset by loud or sudden noises or noisy environments. Receptive disorder is a problem in understanding certain aspects of speech such 2s hearing words but not always making sense of them, @.9. to confuse between a bell and a ball; being siow to respond to questions and instructions; may be having limited vocabulary and trouble working ‘out what a story was about, being confused with prepositions and may be having cifficuties with spatiel and temporal relationships. Option C. Ammo ‘Ammo is the clipped form of ammunition. ‘Siang is a type of language that consists of words ‘and phrases that are regarded as very informal and are more common in speech than in writing, Option A. Simulation Al other options are activities in an ESP class. Option D. Target Situation Analysis Target Situation Analysis determines the need in ESP including necessity wants, lack, Option C. itis centered on the language appropriate to those activities in syntax, lexis, discourse, semantics, etc., and analysis of this discourse The rest of the options are characteristics of ESP. Option A. Pedagogy Other options are jargons of other disciplines ‘Option C. English for Technicians The other options are not specific to a particular discipline ‘Option C. widely used in informal and formal speech and wi 's Siang expressions are not inappropriate in formal speech and writing ‘Option A. Annual Reports Annual reports are outouts of established agencies/offices. Option B. Sequential teaching of language forms BEES ee ecg etree 24. 22. 23. 24, 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 33. 4. 36. The other Option 0. GTM-struc Option C. The other Option ©. The other instruction Option C. Situationa topical sy Option C Tasks are Option 0. ALM emp Option D. All of the Option ¢. Leamers itas ano Option A The other Option A, The othe Option ©. The othe Option C. The DM Option A. TBS use: concepts Option C Affective deals wit acquired Option A This iten‘Answer Key and Rationalizations 71 reader labeled 2s he syntactic system isher dialect of the ring cues- what the phat has been said, c'ds and sentences, iroaments. Receptive hearing words but a ball; being slow to trouble working having difficulties consists of words yin Speech than in wants, lack, jes in syntax, lexis, 2 22. 2 24 26. 26. 2. 28. 29, 30. 34 32, 33. 34, 36. The other choices are all features of K-12 English in the secondary level ‘Option D. Audio-Lingual Method . GTM-structural; DM-communicative, teacher-directed; Suagestopedia-humanistic) Option C. curriculum planning The other choices are carried out during and after implementation Option C. goals and objectives of the:curriculum ‘The other chdiées are broad statements to serve as basis in establishing relevance of instructional materials Option C. Task-based syllabus. Silvational syllabus uses situations; grammatical syllabus uses grammar points, whereas topical syllabus uses content topics of an area of discipline Option C. To hone independent study strategies through prescribed tasks. Tasks are varied and relative to the needs of the leamers. Option D. oral proficiency ALM emphasizes correct pronunciation and repetition of the target language. Option D. 1,1), Hl All of the above Option C. follows the listen-speak-read-write sequence of skills. Leamers are exposed to comprehensible input, before they acquire the language and render itas an output Option A. is Literature-based and genre-focused. The other choices are features of K to 12 language teaching in secondary level Option A. authentic materials ‘The other materials are intended for classroom use Option C. course syllabus The other choices do not contain the same components. Option C. The target language is used as an auxiliary/support language. The-DM does not allow translation or use of native language (L1). Option A. Skill-based syllabus TBS uses holistic, and life-ke tasks, CBS uses contenthopics of a discipline, and NFS uses concepts and functions of language. Option C. Comprehensible Input Afiective fiter is concemed with the motivational aspect of language learning; the Monitor deals with editing or correction; and the Natural Order deals with the natural sequence of acquired language forms. Option A. Quality This item measures understanding of a pragmatic theory. Paul Grice (1975) explained thatRn Comprehensive LET Reviewer Specialization — English Volume 2 36. a7. 38, 39, 40, A an utterance can elicit an implicature, which is not part of the utterance and does not follow a necessary consequence, if any of the conversational maxims is violated (Parker and Riley, 2010), Further, the process of violating @ conversational maxim as “flouting.” Conversations according to the Cooperative Principle by Grice (Parker and Riley, 2010) are governed by the following maxims: (f) Quantity (the participant's contribution should be informative); (2) Quality (the participants contribution should be true); (3) Relation (the contribution should be relevent), and Manner (the contribution should be clear). In the given item, the teacher flouted the maxim of quailty because the teacher's contribution in the=anversation is definitely not tue. ; Option D. strategic Canale and Swain (1980) identity grammatical cdmpetence (words and rules), sociolinguistic competence (appropriateness, social context or situation), discourse competence (cohesion and coherence, logical organization) and strategic competence (appropriate use of communication, or coping strategies) as the major components of communicative competence. Option A. A voiceless stop is aspirated if it begins a syllable of a stressed vowel. tn phonology, voiceless stops p), [W, [K] can be aspirated [+aspiratedi or ['] when they begin a syllable and are followed by a stressed vowel (Parker and Riley, 2010). The [t) in “attack,” {Ain “can’,(p] in ‘paper’, and [Kin “accordion” satsty the generalization. The [pin ‘space’ oes not begin the syllable, Option A. Hot Glottai refers to the space between the vocal cords, in which the primary constriction is at the glottis (Parker and Riley, 2010); /S! is alveolar, im is btabial, and Jd is alveolar. Option A. pragmatics Pragmatics is the study of how ‘anguage is affected by the context in which it ocour ilocutionary act refers to what a speaker does in uttering a sentence (Parker and Riley, 2010) Option 8. Anaphora ‘An anaphora refers to a linguistic expression that must have another jinguistic expression to refer fo (Parker and Riley, 2010), e.g, reflexive pronouns refer to linguistic expressions: Mary bought herself a book. “Herself” refers to "Mary" which is a linguistic expression. Debs refers to the ability of a linguistic expression to refer systematically to two or more distinct entities (e9., you" and ‘t" may have different referents depending on who is speaking). Coreference refers to the condition of two expressions having the same referent (eg. “P-Noy’ and “President of the Philippines” refer to the same entity, Option D. Sentence B entails Sentence A. An entailment is @ proposition that follows necessarily from another sentence; presupposition is a proposition that must be assumed to be true in order to judge the truth or falsity of another sentence (Parker and Riley, 2010). Only choice D can be accepted as logical since catching @ milkfish entails catching a fish. However, catching a fish does not eutomatically validate the statement of catching a mikfish since a fish caught can be an eel, a swordfish, etc, The pair of sentences cannot demonstrate presupposition since catching a fish or milkfish does not presuppose catching either of the sentences. A possible presupposition of Sentence Aor B is “There was a fish.” If there wasn't any fish in the pond or lake, or any body of water, 22, 45, 46. 47 49, 50, 51 52, 83. then eith Option D The ‘ver morpher Option A The sear stop. Option C All of the as [igh Option C "Survei Option ¢ The infle Riley, 20 phrase s are held Option D or may In syntay adjective Option ¢ Aprepos Option D Two exp same. Option C A proto manner, when on foreigner Option C ‘The spe question Option A Polite e iteet ill act is the Option A.‘Answer Key and Rationalizations 73 © and does not fallow 0 (Parker and Riley, ing.” Conversations, D0) are governed by be informative), (2) contribution should be the teacher flouted sation is defintely not + ules}, sociolinguistic Scourse competence nce (appropriate r'3 of communicative essed vowel. winen they begin The [if in. “attack,” 9. The [p] in space" constriction is at the har. which it ocours; an "ser and Riley, 2010) jguistic expression to sc expressions: Mary pression, Deixs refers ; more distin entities, aking). Coreference r: (eg. “P-Noy’ and 168; presupposition ine truth or falsity of eoied as logical since not automatically e an eel, a swordfish, ering a fish oF milkfish sition of Sentence ‘any body of water, 42 43, 44. 47. 48, 49, 50. 51 52, 53, then either Sentence A or B will be false. Option D. Lexical bound morpheme ‘ The “vert in the set of words is @ morpheme that cannot stand alone. It is however a morpheme that carries meaning when inflected with other derivational morphemes, Option A. All the three expressions have The segments ff, ivf, and /6/ in “Yake", "vase" stop. Option ©. [-high] and [-low]. ‘Al of the vowels in the. words are mid vowels; a mid vowel in the vowel chart is represented as high] and How Option C. back formation “Surveil” is a back formation of the word “surveillance! Option C. Two inflectional morphemes are used in the head noun of the noun phrase. The inflectional morpheme [POSS] or possessive is inflected upon a noun phrase (Parker and Riley, 2010). Therefore, a noun phrase thal is a combination of a noun and prepositional phrase should be inflected after the prepositional phrase: The doys in the camp's exercises are held in the morning Option D. A noun in the noun phrase may have an adjective before it, or a determiner, ‘or may be followed by a prepositional phrase. In syntax, the only obligatory component of @ noun phrase is the noun, The determiner adjective, and prepositional phrase may be part of the noun phrase Option C. noun phrase [A prepositional phrase is composed of a preposition and noun phrase. Option D. Synonymy Two expressions are synonymous because many or all of their semantic features are the same. Option C. Prototype AA prototype is a typical member of the extension of a referring expression. In the same ‘manner, when one speaks of a bird, a robin, a parrot, or @ sparrow comes to mind. Here, when one speaks of a Filipino abroad, one thinks of a nurse, or other professions common to foreigners as representatives of Filipinos abroad. Option C. Quality The speaker's contribution about his not being a diabetic seems to be not relevant to the ‘question Option A. itis an indirect illocutionary act. Polite expressions, particulary directive acts, tend to convey the ilooutionary act indirectly. A direct ilocutionary act of the statement is stated as, “Give me a glass of water” Locutionary actis the act of siating something, It specifically refers to the sentence and its proposition. Option A. Nativization and assimilation ial fricative segment. ind “thank” are [sfrcative], (tin “take” is a i eee eed74 Comprehensive LET Reviewer Specialization - English Volume 2 54 57. 58. 59, 60. 61 62 Schumann proposed that pidginization in L2 acquisition resuts when Yeamers fail to Only ch acculturate to the target language group, that is when they are unable or unwiling to adapt engage to a new culture (Ellis, 2003). Further, according to the Nativization model, L2 acquisition gives th consists of two general processes: nativization and denativization; in nativizaton, leamers choices make the input conform to their own internalized view of what constitutes the L2 system, 63. Option the result of which is pldginization; whereas, in denativization, leamers accommodate to an extemal norm, that is, they adjust their interlanguage systems (Elis, 1994) Interian« = wwiee os the stu Monitor hypothesis of the Monitor Model of Stephen Krashen points out the importance of acquis ‘knowledge about the language in order to monitor or ecit one’s language use. Nativization is signif Model discusses the importance of adaptation in The target language culture. Accommodation D reflec theory emphasizes the relevance of motivation and the ethnolinguistic variables in language “The bo ‘acauisition. Communicative language teaching is an approach which emphasizes authentic 64. Option language use. a CUCL Option A. #4 hypothesis of lang Ioritor Model proposes the input hypothesis which explains that an input becomes an intake strategie if t's diffeuty level is step higher than the current abilities of the students 65, Option £ Option A. Accommodation theory Pidginiz Accommodation theory poin's out the importance of motivation and one’s posite interaction assimil with the target language community. Motivation to inferact and mingle with the target language commu ‘community wil help a child acquite the fanguage ofthe target language community languag Option ©. Teacher Ben shows a news clip from CNN and asks students questions 68. Option LLearning-acquisition hypothesis points out that acquisition takes place in a naturalistic setting in CLT, tutored setting develops knowledge about the language. fluency, Option A. Grammer-translation approach Gramm languac Option C. Within 2 social context, people need to develop their cognitive abilities ‘through authentic texts and content in language. 67. Option The development of cognitive abilities in language teaching is associated with teaching Al thre English through content. ESP and CBI focus on the use of authentic texts and content for to work language learning 68. Option Option A. Content-based instruction Ennor is ‘OBI is a result of the cognitive revolution in language teaching. the stru Option C. Counselingearning approach 69. Option Counseling learning or sometimes known as CL or CLL (community language learning) is a Primarr product of the humanism movement in language teaching, It focuses on the use of actviies activity and strategies that highlight the affective domain in language learning. bee . Option D. Role play = 70. Option ESP is commu 71. OptionAnswer Key and Rationalzations 75 en learners fail to 9 enwiting to adapt edel, L2 acquisition ization, leamers ies the L2 system, zccommadate to an ¢ the importance of ise, Nativization . Accommodation =rables in language hasizes authentic becomes an intake = aositve interaction he target language > mUnity, ts questions é naturalistic setting, cognitive abilities sated with teaching ex's and content for guage leaming) is a use of activities 63. 65, 67. 68. 69. 70. m1 ‘Only choice D recognizes the students’ ablity to combine arts and language in order to ‘engage the students in the task. The other tasks are controlled by the teacher. Role play gives the student to decide on their roles and assume @ personality that represents their choices in life Option C. A Filipino student writes a sentence: Interianguage is the learner's current version of the language they are leaming (https: ww:teachingenglish.org.ub/articlefinterlanguage). It can be influenced or interfered by the students-Lf-0r first language. Postive transfer occurs if L1 can facilitate the correct acquisition of the target language; negative transfer or error occurs when the student’s Lt is significantly diferent from L2, therefore, creating the interference. In this item, only choice D refiecis the idea: the Filipino tanguage structure "Ang aklat ay bago,” can be translated as "The book is new." Option A. CLICLL CLICLL is a methodology aligned with the principles of addressing affective domain of language learning, TBLT, CBI and CLT focus on the use of content, communication strategies, and thinking processes. Option D. pidginization Pidginization is the creation of a unique language system among individuals who have assimilated the rules and structures of their first language in using another language for communication. Codes witching and code mixing do not necessarily produce @ unique language variety and fossilization of errors. Depidginization is the oppostte of piginization. Option 8. Communicative classroom In CLT, errors are regarded as natural and are not atvays corrected, TBLT also focuses on fluency, more than accuracy, but correction also takes places in the performance of the task Grammar irenslation method focuses on language accuracy. An ALM class also focuses on ‘anguage accuracy, Option D. The teacher used graphic organizers to ald comprehension. Al three classes are based on task-based language teaching. in choice D, the students had to work on content and language in learning (CLIL} Option B. Error Error is @ manifestation of hypothesis testing in language learning, When learners internalize the structure and test the rule, they may commit eros. Option A. Audio lingual method Primarily, ALM teaches structure covertly, through drils, repetitions and substitutions. The activity is hinged on the idea that 2 leamer unconsciously grasps the structure and eventually builds upon it other possible utterances for communication. CLT, TBLT and Silent Way do not “The book is new.” -focis on grammar. Their primary concern is fluency, content and communicative competence, Option A. Competency-based education ESP is aligned with competency based education, Specialisms in English ere based on the communication demands of the students’ course. Option 8. Students may still understand different varieties of English. A =16 Comprehensive LET Reviewer Specialization - English Volume 2 7. 73, 74. 6. 76. 77. 78, 79, 20. 81 82, 83, Students will stil understand a different variety of the language. Two languages are said to be dialects of a language if these dialects are mutually ineligible, that is, speakers may stil understand each other although they have different varieties of the same language. Option C, Present progressive Patker and Riley (2010) point out that the order of acquisition for grammatical morphemes follows this sequence: present progressive, prepositions in and on, plural regular, past irregular, possessive, uncontractible copula {main verb) be, artictes~a and the, past regular, third. person singular regular, third perSefr singular irregular, uncontractible auxiliary be, contractible auxiliary be, and contractible copula (main verb) be. Option D. echolalia . ‘Al items are considered are imilestones of previnguistc stages, Echolalia is @ condition in which a child parrots or repeats utterances he hears. Option D. Taboo Parker and Riley (2010) ist the various types of semantic change: taboo involves stigmatizing ‘a word or phrase; metaphor is extending a word to contexts outside of its literal sense association involves change in the association with secondary object or concept; pejoration is lowering the connotation of a word Option A. The safety of students while on a school field trip is something for which teachers are responsible for. Never double the preposition. Put prepositions or particles where they are more “natural, following spoken usage (Malcsi, 2070. p 232.) ‘Option D. The infamous attack on the World Trade Center happened on 11 September, 2001. Dates in text may take three forms. All three are correct except option D. A comma should not be used after the month, Option A. Love and not hate makes the world go round. The noun phrase that follows the negative morpheme does not figure in the agreement rule; the vero agrees with the first noun phrase. Option A. Many The quantifiers every, each and many a modify singular nouns. Option B. Each word has a limitless range of possible functions. There isa limit in the range of possible functions a word may have. Option 8. We put it off too long. The particle Off modifes the verb put (put off. Option C. The boy and the git’s uncle Ail the other items are sentences Option A. Don is annoying, Aillthe other items used the verb is as an auxiliary verb, Option D. Kind, history, extraordinary 84 85, 87. 88, 89, 90. 91 92 93, 94, 95, 96, Deletion consttuer Option A. The use Option A The other Option 8 Optional Option A All the of Option B. Option B which a d Option . The deep gives the Option A, Lexical Option A. Option B Option C. Options A Prepositio the word Option A The prep the abla and the @ Option 0. Sentence: Option 0. Genre is Option B. According words to‘Answer Key and Rationalizations 77 guages are said to ‘speakers may stil snguage, ratical morphemes plural regular, past c the, past regular, ible auniiary be, ia is @ condition in rvolves stigmatizing oF its literal sense; pce; pejoration is mething for which are more “natural’, jon 11 September, ). A comma should the agreement rule: 84, 86 a7. 88. 89. 90. 1 92 93 96. 96 Deletion is the basic test for distinguishing obligatory from optional constituents. Optional constituents may be deleted without affecting the grammaticalty of the sentence. Option A. A sequence of words that can function as a sentence constituent. The use of “only” made Options B and C incorrect. Option D-defines the sentence. Option A. Make The other options function as intensive.vetbs Option 8. Opticiial Modifier. Optional constituents may be deleted without affecting the grammaticalty ofthe sentence. Option A. Don't make any comment unless you are fully aware of the issue Al the other options are compound sentences. Option 8. The columnist writes feature articles on antique writing desks. Option B is syntactically ambiguous of the occurrence of the phrase “on antique writing desk” which a dangling modifier Option D. The abstract representation of a sentence The deep structure gives the semantic component of a sentence, while the surface structure gives the proper phonological information to express that thought. Option A. Lexical categories Lexical categories relate to the words or vocabulary of @ fanguage, Option A. A statement which was true in the past and still relevant to the present Option B and D are uses of the Past tense. Option C is used in the Past Perfect tense, Option C. Prepositions. Options A, B, and D are special class of words that limit the nouns that follow them. Prepositions connect words to other parts of the sentence and have a close relationship with the word that follows, which is usually @ Noun, Option A. Marga gave a donation to charity, ‘The preposition to marks the dative (‘receiver *) function of charty. Option B and C are in the ablative case where the preposition from marks the ablative {'source") function of Marga and the accrediting organization, Option D. subject + object* verb Sentences A, B, and C are basic simple sentence patterns in English. Option D. genre Genre is refers to linguistic variation which is aligned to register. Option 8. Conversion ‘According to Celce-Murcie and Freeman (2008) Compounding is putting together existing words to form new lexical unit, Derivational affixes are affixes that combine with stem forms a78 Comprehensive LET Reviewer Specialization - English Volume 2 to derive new words. Polysemy ocours when one form with the same part of speech has a 41. Option range of meanings, ae 97. Option ©. I don’t lke these books. 412. Option Lurk isa verb that requires an adverb of location-a syntactic problem. aah Fascinate requires an animate object- a semantic problem. ludiero Trustworthy instead of tustul should be used. 113. Option 98. Option D. Janice has lived with her parénts for ten years new cr Option A is incorrect because Present perfect is incompatible with a specific past time uilizes adverbial ike last Saturday which should go with he past tense. iteratu Option B is incomect because Stative verbs do not normally take the progressive. 414, Option In option ©, the sentence “help...” sounds strange because wil expresses future intention at eee the moment of speaking. In this case, the speaker has no control ofthe action, disposi 99, Option C. Descriptive Grammar é A descriptive grammar is a set of rules about language based on how it is actually used. Vea 100. Option D, Max is giving his boss a headache. eon Ditranstive verbs include both a direct object and an indirect object. ‘48. Option 101. Option A. The main insight, central idea, or universal truth found in a literary work eat Motif must be a recuring and dominant theme of a iterary piece fae 102. Option B. tts the study of literary discourse from a linguistic orientation. nas Siyistis focuses on various elements of style such as figures of speech and diction. postin 103. Option B. “I think our comments differ slightly.” ("I do not agree with you at al.") skeptic The idea is presented wth restraint ond less force ten 4104, Option D. Oxymoron en ‘The author used last and onset placed side by side though with opposite meanings a 405, Option A, Diction Formal Dicton refers to choice of words considering subject, genre, and audience. to soci 106. Option A. “The child is father of the man." (Wordsworth) a The statement is self-contradictory but ue and thought provoking, import 407. Oplion D. Pun as an ‘The author used play on words exemplified by dims and chilled. wae 108, Option A. Shakespeare is a literary titan. aaa Titan isa tile associated to older gods in myths. fee 108. Option B. Onomatopoeia and rhyme tonal The words Ding-dong resembles natural sound while knell and bell rhyme terminally. Nea 110. Option 8. Foreshadowing This device gives a clue or hint as to later development ofthe plot i meeeseeseesscsseie‘Answer Key and Rationalizations 79. r of speech has 2 soecific past time S5N8. ure intention at actually used literary work * jon. ction you at al”) m1. 112, 113, 114. 115, 116. 117. 118. 119, Option D. Personification The excerpt gives in animate objects such as trai, bay, and winds human aetions. Option D. Anticlimax Anticlimax is characterized by @ sudden transition from significant to a trivial or ludicrous idea Option A. New criticism any new cftcism ‘Tocises on titerary language, coherence and framework of the text. it also utlizes close reading. the other three options uses intertextual criticism as they regard literature as a product of gome social constructs. medieval literary period focuses on the sacred, divine and spiritual subjects because the disposition was toward other-worldly and spiritual salvation Option B. Language is a fixed system of signs. deconstruction is @ reaction against structuralism. it rejects the idea that a text has a solid and definite meaning. Option D. The plot ended with divine-intervention like way. The author must not resolve conflict so easily as if God came trom a machine. Option 8. Post-modernism is highly structural, objective and empiricist Postmodemism is a celebration of invention and creativity. "Post modemism, also spelled ostmodemnism, in Wester philosophy, a late 20"-century movement characterized by broad skepticism, subjectivism, or relativism; a general suspicion of reason: and an acute sensitivity to the role of ideology in asserting and maintaining political and economic power.” (hitp:ww. britannica com/topicipostmodemnism-philosophy) Option B. Formalism is criticism for meaning. Formalism does not entirely reject meaning. The site, httpywwbritannica.comitopic! Formalism-iterary-criticism, reports: Allied at one point to the Russian Fututists and opposed to sociological criticism, the Formalists placed an “emphasis on the medium” by analyzing the way in which literature, especially poetry, was able to alter artistically or “make strange” common language $0 that the everyday World could be “defamiizrized.” They stressed the importance of form and technique over content and looked for the specificity of literature as an autonomous verbal art." Paul H. Fry in his lecture at Open Yale University Course mentions, “Content is a function, it coexists with poetic ianguage.’ Further, he notes that *..t must be understood generally that Formaiism is not eicism for meaning.” Option A. Hermeneutics Hermeneutics is defined as the science of interpretation, Option C. New Criticism New Criticism or Practical Crtcism promotes close reading; therefore, it does not suggest an. ee80. Comprehensive LET Reviewer Specialization - English Volume 2 intertextual interpretation. Feminism, Marxism, and Post-Colonialism situate iterature in the context of iealogy and society. 121, Option B. A person cannot factor out his prejudices but he can compromise and find a common ground between his prejudices and the author's historical horizon. Scholars of hermeneutics agree that every person has his own historical horizon which might affect his interpretation, and bring about prejudices. However, 2 reader can compromise through horizon merging or finding the common ground, en 122, Option D. Interpretations are governed by the language and convention of the text, and the literary competence of the reader, \Not all interpretations can be considered correct er accurate, but at least, an interpretation may be considered competent ifthe reader is aware of the conventions of the text. 423. Option A. Literature is a product of an ideology or social constructs. Al the literary theories in the item suggest that literature is a product of social ideciogy and construct. 124. Option B. Poverty The orientation of this period was @ shift from a broadly “other-woridly” disposition to @ “this- worldly’ attitude (Habib, 20... 125, Option A. Neoclassicism Neoclassicism is a movement which promotes the reading and appreciation of fterary classics and masterpieces during the classical era, 126. Option A. Neoclassicism Neoclassicism advocates control and conformity according to the qualities of iterary classics. 427. Option A. Enlightenment The period of Enlightenment is a movement that advocates logical and rational thinking of the human person as he interacts in the society 128. Option B. Modern period It is the period of European history from 1760 to 1860, which was dominated by the two broad events (Habib, 20.,) 129. Option D. romanticism It is a broad intellectual and, artistic frame of thinking that arose toward the end of the eighteenth century and reached its zenith during the early decades of the nineteenth century (Habib, 20.) 130. Option D. Romanticism This literary movement advocates spontaneity, human emotions and imagination over reason and logical thinking (Habib, 20..). 131. Option C. Realism 132 133, 134 136, 136 137. 138, 139, 140, 141 is a ite society, Option € The Gre strata d realism. real cha Option ¢ and cha Naturalis Option A Indeed, their psy the socig Option Naturalis causes 0 Option D Symbolis scientific, Option D. Symbols scientii, Option b. Symbols scientific, In addition but also absolute Option A, Aesthetic contexts. Option A, Aesthetic contexts Vila can appearane Option A. | Hermeneve literature in the omise and find a zon, zon which might ‘comoromise 1 of the text, and an interpretation 2 ext ccial ideology and ary classics. al thinking ofthe inated by the two the end of the rneteenth century 132, 133, 134, 126, 136, 137. 138, 139, 140, 141, ‘Answer Key and Rationalizations 81 is a Iterary movement whose philosophy is anchored on realy, of the present, of the human society, and its state of affairs that affect the people. . Option B. The Grapes of Wrath by John Steinbeck ‘The Grapes of Wrath is the only novel in the lst which includes characters from the social strata during the period of the Great Depression in the US. All the other novels use magic realism or fantasy or imaginary characters and events which do nat necessarily represent any real characters trom a given context Option C. It emphasized logical reason, and empiricism in the presentation of events and characters Naturalism is an extreme Yorm of realism; it emphasizes logical explanation of things. Option A. Naturalism Indeed, Naturalism views literature to include scientific presentation of characters, including their psychological motivation and how their dispositions are affected by nature and events in the society. Option C. Naturalism Naturalism attempts to give a scientific description of the motivations of characlers and causes of events in the story Option D. Symbolism ‘Symbolism is a reaction against the notion that language and art shouid be structured and scientific, and that meaning in literature should be definite and pre-given based on language. Option D. Symbolism Symbolism is a reaction against the notion thal ianguage and art should be structured and Scientific, and that meaning in Iterature should be definite and ore-given based on language. Option 0. Symbolism ‘Symbolism is a reaction against the notion that language and art should be structured and Scientific, and that meaning in fterature should be definite and pre-given based on language. In addition, it was reacting against not only the reduction of the world to a material dimension but also the correlative reduction of language to literalness which enshrines the possibilly of absolute clarity (Habib, 200..) Option A. Aestheticism ‘Aesthéticism advocates the independence of art from social, moral, educational or spiritual contexts. Art is for the sake of ils beauty and aesthetic appeal Option A, Aestheticism Aestheticism advocates the independence of art from social, moral, educational or spiritual Contexts. Art is for the sake of ils beauty and aesthetic appeal. The poem of Jose Garcia Vila can be meaningfully analyzed and studied in terms of how the for, language, sound, appearance of the poem contribute to is own identity 2s @ work of ar. Option A. Interpretation became significantly important in the field of religion. Hermeneutics started in the sphere of religion because religion condemned the reading a anne aneeae wee82 Comprehensive LET Reviewer Specialization — English Book 2 of non-sacred texts. Hermeneutics in religion provided a guide fo interpreting sacred texts cannot aligned with the scriptural exegesis of the Bible. resource 142. Option D. The poem presents a woman as the object of love, a martyr for the cause of 151. Option love presented as man. : ae Feminism looks with a oriticat eye how literature, dominated by men, represents a woman and respons her role reduced to something inferior. 482. Option 143. Option B. it pushes for the appreciation of the literary creativity of the postmodern era. Ficfon Post-colonialism does not primarily deal with tterary artistry and style. Post-colonialism allows narrative intertextual criticism. Z 153. Option C 144, Option C. Meaning is the essence of literature Tae Meaning and its relevance to lie is not the primary consideration of a formalism critical theory. shows Meaning is part ofthe form and lterariness of a Iterary work feet mov 145. Option C. heteroglossia or multiple meanings exist. 484. Option € Intertextualty affirms that multiple meanings can exist; therefore, the text can be regarded First twe a8 a text informed and influenced by other lexis, In iterature, intertextuality is when a literary Barpii selection refers to a literary or social text, including cultural history {http:/humanities.wisc.edu/ 155. Option / assets/misciWhat_Is_Intertextualty.paf.) teal 446, Option C. Signs- signifier as the concept is represented by the sound image or signified iain In semiotics, @ sign comprises the signifier, the sound image or word we perceive, and the isa se : signified or the object or idea represented by the signifier. poe 447, Option A. A product of class struggles and economic history om Marxism utilizes literature in order to analyze the economic conditions, and the problems. against ‘of the working class as it struggles to survive in society dominated by capitalism and its 157. Option A philosophy. 148. Option D. There is no history, but a version of the author's view of the historical facts. ie New Historicism presents how a literary selection is influenced by the writer's milieu. The 158. Option D Online Library of Purdue University reports: “New historicists do not believe that we can tion look at history objectively, but rather that we interpret events as products of our time and Alliteratio culture and that “..we don't have clear access to any but the most basic facts of history...cur Assonan understanding of what such facts mean...is...strictly a matter of interpretation, not fact’ (https:/! ‘of consor owl english purdue.edu/ow/resource/? 22108). 459, Option A 149. Option C. The literary text is the product of the author's repressed dreams Alkknow and fantasies, and literary interpretation is a form of dream interpretation or psychoanalysis. fet oeten De Psychoanalytic theory views literature as a form of manifesting the repressed wishes The expr and fantasies of the author. “It argues that literary texts, like dreams, express the secret 161. Option B. unconscious desires and anxieties of the author, that a literary work is a manifestation of the Metaphor i Ft fipubblic Um author's own neuroses." (http://public.wsu.edu!~delahoyd/psycho. crit. htm). 162. Option 8, 150. Option B. Post-structuralism plumes m *Post-structuralism fi i Post-structuralism maintains that frameworks and systems, for example the structuralist 463. Option A systems explained in the Structuralist area, are merely fictitious constructs and that they‘Answer Key and Rationalizations 83 ig sacred texts for the cause of n's a woman and >st-modern era, ~onialism allows s7 ofitcal theory can be regarded when a literary ranities.wise.edu! 1age or signified perceive, and the the problems aitalism and its istorical facts. the structuralist '5 and that they 164 152, 153, 154, 155, 156, 167. 158 159, 180. 161. 162, cannot be trusted to develop meaning or to give order."hitps:l/owl.english purdue.edulowlt resource/722/08), 7 Option 8. The reader is the author of the text. Because the author cannot be questioned during the act of reading, the reader assumes the responsibilty of creating and reconstructing the meaning of the text. Option D. Fiction : Fiction contains—the elements: of oral storytelling which became the bases for all later narratives. Option C, Motion sense . ‘The comparison of the fog to the cat appeals to the reader's motion sense because the poem shows the movementlcoming of the fog as though it were the almost unnoticeable litle cat feet moving, Option D. both A and B First two lines speak of the coming of the fog; the next four lines speak of its slow departure as it scatters, Option A. personification The human attributes of coring, sitting, looking, being quiet and having haunches were given to the inanimate “fog. Option B. Antagonist {In many stories, the conflict between the protagonist and the antagonist is the basis for the plot. The antagonist, in this case is neither a person nor an animal but the extreme cold, goes agains the protagonist, the main character. Option A. Folk literature Oral tradition is the passing of poems, stories and songs from generation to generation by word of mouth and collectively known as folk literature. Option D. Alteration Aliteration Is the repetition of the initial consonant sound (w, ¢ ,n) in a line of verse. ‘Assonance is the repetition of a vowel sound, e.g, race, make. Consonance is the repetition of consonant sound at the ends of words, e.g. dreary, weary. Option A, Third person omniscient POV Al-knowing is omniscient. Option D. plot The expression is usually he ending of a story which is still part ofthe plot Option 8. Metaphor Metaphor is a direct comparison between two unlike terms: twilight and bird. Option B. refuge plumes means feathers. Option A. onset of night. _ aa84 Comprehensive LET Reviewer Specialization - English Book 2 164, 165, 167. 168. Night time begins with twlght which gradualy deepens to become “the mother night.” There is no mention of moonlight in the stanza, Option B. Poseidon and Hades The twins Apollo and Artemis (Diana) are deities associated respectively with the sun and the moon. Hermes {Mercury} is the messenger of the gods while Ares (Mars) is the god of war. Achilles was the greatest of the Greek heroes in the Trojan War while Aeschylus was the first of the great Athenian writers of tragedy. Option C. Gorgons Gigantes (giants) rebelled against the O'ympians and tried to scale the heavens by piling Mount Pelion on Mount Ossa ~ hence the phrase™to heap Pelion on Osse,” meaning to add difficully to difficulty, trouble to trouble, ete. Furies ~ Allecto, Megaera and Tisiphone. Thay wore the ministers of vengeance of the gods, visiting war and pestilence on the earth, and punishing the sins of individuals with pangs of remorse. They were known to the Greeks as the “Erinyes" or, in euphemistc propitation, the "Eumenides” (Kindly Ones” Fates - The three sister goddasses who preside over human destiny. Even the gocs cannot alter their decrees. Option D. Hercules or Heracles Oedipus id the king of Thebes who killed his father and married his own mother. Odysseus — the king of Ithaca who relates his wanderings that finally take him back to his hometown after fan absence of 20 years. Androcles ~ a runaway slave who removed a thorn from the paw ‘of a lion. Captured ang sentenced to death in the Romian arena, Androcles was confronted by the same lion. instead of tearing him apart, it repaid its earlier kindness with a display of grate'ul affection Option A. Minotaur Pegasus ~ a winged horse, bom from the blood of Medusa when Perseus cut off her head. He created the spring known as Hippocrene, sacred to the Muses. Midas - In recompense for entertaining the satyr Silenus, he was granted his wish that everything he touched should tum to gold. When he ciscovered that this applied even to his food, he begged for the favor to be withdrawn and was ordered to bathe in the River Pactolus, whose sands were thereafter tinged with gold. Medea - She fell in love with Jason and by her power as a sorceress helped him secure the “golden fleece” before sailing back with him in the “Argo.” Option A, Sisyphus Sphinx ~ a monsier of Greek legend, usually represented with @ human head and the body of a fon. Spartacus ~ a Thracian gladiator who led a rebellion against Rome from 73 to 71B.C. He was eventually defeated and died in the final battle, Stentor ~ a Greek warrior mentioned in the ‘liad’ as having @ voice as toud as the voices of 60 other men — hence the word “stentorian. Option A. Euphemism Bathos - An abrupt descent from the high, serious or sublime to the low, trivial or commonplace, producing an effect of absurdity. This is sometimes unintentional but can be used as a poeiic device. Imagery — visually descriptive or figurative language especially in as a ae 179, 471 472 173. 176. 7. 178, 179, 180, 181 a litera anothe' Option Metaoh one thi ‘costum dance. Option. Daedall doing t Option Abducti was in Option Orphev Hades. Option. the epi Option. The fat respec Option Theme life Option The pk is part. narrati Option | Charac literary Option | Poetry as epic Option | Denota cenotat OptionAnswer Key and Rationalizations 85 e° night" There sun and the 2 god of war. was the first ens by piling ing t0 add siphone. They +e earth, and ‘ne Greeks as 25 - The three reir decrees. 2s contronted 7 a display of off her head, recompense iched should the favor vere thereafter 27.73 to 71B.C. 2ior mentioned mence the word ‘ow, trivial or al but can be especially in 179, 471 172. 173, 474, 178, 176. 179, 180. 181 a literary work. Translation — the process of translating words or text from one language to another. Option C, Magic res IMeiaphor ~ figure of speech in which @ comparison or analogy is suggested by describing ‘one thing in terms of another. Masque- aristocratic, theatricai entertainment, with elaborate costumes and sels, in which a brief, poetic drama provides the vehicle for music, song, and dance. In medeas res ~ refers to the pré@liGe of opening a story in the middle of the action. Option A. Daedaltis and learus Daedalus and Icarus - painted was a scene of Icarus drowning while all the world was busy doing their own chores, dig nat even noiiced the drawning young man, Option A. Abduction of Helen Abduction of Helen - all except ~ ‘was intially trying to avoid. Option A. Orpheus Orpheus - this is evident when he tried in vain to retake Eurydice from the underground of Hades. Option A. immortality m had the element of encountering what the character the epic heroes immortality comes from their physical death after a gargantuan task Option A. the fate of the common people under a despot is grim The fate of people under a despotic ruler may not at all thal grim with honest disposition, and respectful actions. Option D. theme ‘Theme is the overall message of a literary text, which is usually 2 general truth about human life Option B. plot The plot involves the way the actionslevents are presented in fiction materials. Denouement is part of the plot, while literary device may be embedded in the plot. Point of view is angle of ratration, Option B. what the readers say and think about the character Characterization may be done by looking into the explicit and implicit descriptions in the literary text. Characterization is done by the author, not by the readers, Option B. Poetry Poetry is considered the oldest literary genre ever produced since the earliest narratives such a epics were writlen in verses or stanzas. Option 8. Connotation Denotation pertains to literal or dictionary meanings of terms; meanings over and beyond the denotative level are connotative, Option D. Apostrophe ae SEE eee86 ‘Comprehensive LET Reviewer Specialization - English Book 2 182, 183, 184. 1885. 186. 187, 188, 189, 190, 194 192, 193, 194, 198. Apostrophe is the only figure of speach that cirectly talks toladdresses even inanimate objects like clouds and day in the given example. Option A. Onomatopoeia The use of words which sounds resemble their meanings is onomatopoeia. Option B. autobiographical writing Memoirs are first person accounts where the writers are either pattcipants or eyewitnesses, Option C. diction Diction is preparatory to the other three options. Before any description, dialogue and vocabulary become part of prose, choice of wards must be done first. Also, vocabulary is a collection of words arranged alphabetically and explained . which prose writers do not do. Option: A. actor The dictionary meaning of thespian is actor. Option D. sestet Sestetis the last six lines of the sonnet Option B. narrator The narrator takes a particular angle of narration to tel the story, which the author determines for the readers to meet the characters. Option D. thas a probable setting Seiting is not an element of essay. Option B. To be performed before an audience Drama is written for its eventual performance on stage. This is the reason why drama has @ two-fold nature: that of literature and that of theater. Option 8. False The essay is both @ provisional exploration of its subject matter and limited in point of view since itis the point of view of onfy the writer. Option B. Setting The divergence is based on difference in the place where Filipinos live: countryside and diy. tion D. Theme Theme is subsumed in the lesson a reader gets from a story Option A. Character Character- Description of character can be drawn from the question, Option C. Plot Plot - the story's structure is its plot. Option D. Virgil Euripides ~ Younger than Aeschylus or Sophocles, he was the most skeptical and innovative 196, 197. 198. 199, 200, 201, 202. 208, of th ram “Ody Optio Burle fom varie to be corte of the Optio Metor crown ideas can d ofa points Optio Picare fallow adver in the some! Optio Geof Thom Optior The 0 to ela Optio The o Optio Acti Optio One stretc new p cui Intens roduc RespcAnswer Key and Rationalizations 87 inanimate objects ; eyewitnesses, 2". dialogue and > vocabulary is a FS do not do. avihor determines ny drama has a ¢ in point of view tryside and city. pal and innovative 196 197. 198, 200. 201 202 208. ‘of the three great classical tragedians. Aristophanes ~ the greatest of the Greek comic dramatists. Homer - the great epic post credited with authorship of the ‘liad’ and the “Odyssey.” Option B. Bildungsroman Burlesque - comic send-up of a serious literary or artistic genre, author, or work. It can range from slapstick parody to delicate mock-heroic. In the US, the term came to refer to music-hall variety acts. Aestheticism - the doctrine-that art is its own justification and owes allegiance to beauty rather.than to moral or social concerns. Allegory ~ @ work whose surface narrative Corresponds to a secondary level of meaning: religious, moral, poltical ~ that is the real point of the story Option A. Oxymoron Metonymy ~ figure of speech in which something is referred to by one of its attributes, e.g. crown for monarchy. Antthesis — is a figure of speech in which an opposition or contrast of ideas is expressed by parallelism of words that ate opposites, 6.9, “Ask not what your country ccan do for you; ask what you can do for your country.” Parody — satirical imitation ofthe style of a particular author, work or iterary genre. By exaggerating certain aspects, the parodist points up its inherent potentia for absurdity Option C. Roman a clef Picaresque novel is a type of episodic novel, originating in mid-16* century Spain, which follows the career of @ knavish (dishonest or unscrupulous man) central character whose adventures cast a satirical light on conternporary society. Epistolary novel is a novel presented in the form of letters writen by characters in the story. Deux ex machine ~ someone or ‘something introduced out of the blue to resolve a critical situation in a work of literature, Option D. Divine Comedy Geoffrey Chaucer wrote “Canterbury Tales" while George Orwell wrote “Animal Farm" and Thomas Gray wrote "Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard” Option A. Imitative The ather items achieve other goals; ie. interactive-o maintain the speaking task, extensive- to elaborate, and responsive-to give feedback. Option B. Initiating the task The other items are skils used during conversation. Option A. 1987 Philippine Constitution Article XIV, Sec. 7 Option C. Extensive One of the most dificult aspects of speaking that involves complex, relatively lengthy stretches of discourse by doing oral presentations such as a report, proposals, sales idea, new product, reteling a story, ete. that allow students to use what they learned in English by culminating everything in one solid presentation.) Intensive task ~ involves cued tasks (picture cue) to elicit oral language performance by Producing short stretches of language such as teling a story or event or by reading aloud, Responsive task-involves brief interactions which helps the teacher realize the student's, See oe ~88 Comprehensive LET Reviewer Specialization - English Book 2 204. 208. 209, 210. ant 213, 214, ability to participate in discussions through the use of questions that are simple and referential and instructions to give leamers more opportunities to produce meaningful language responses. Interactive task- includes tasks that involve long stretches of interactive discourses of language such as interviews, role-plays, discussions, games, speeches, extended explanations, and translations that allow teachers to evaluate student's ability in producing fluid, detailed, and in-deoth discussions. Option A. Interactive oo Partially interactive speaking situation is exemplified when giving a speech to a live audience, where the convention is that the audience dogs not interrupt the speech, and speaker nevertheless can see the audience and judge from the expressions on their faces and body language whether or not he or she is being understood. Totally non-interactive speaking situation is observed when recording @ speech for @ radio broadeast. Option A, Focus on both fluency and accuracy The other tems are principles that do not match to the given situation.) Option C, Using fillers (uh, | mean, Hmm) The other items are concemed with other speaking strategies.) Option A. Provide an oral or written textiprompt before engaging the learners in the speaking task. Listening, reacing, and speaking can reinforce each other. Speaking or the skill in producing lenguage orally is offen initiated through comprefiension of a meaningful input Option A. not correct the learners but give more models and opportunities to observe the correct language form Implicit correction through modeling helps flood out errors through self-correction. Cpiion 8. Using conversation maintenance cues The other items do not match with the language forms presented. Option C. Prepare audio-visual aids such as maps, globes, radio, books, references, etc. The other items present authentic situations that use language in context Option B. Consciousness raising It's a term that means to stimulate learners’ awareness of the importance of what they are learning to achieve their goal.) Option D. fand th The other items are not relevant to leamers’ personal experiences, Option C. L4 interference The leamer’s mother iongue or L1 interferes in terms of phonology. Option A, Must be structured around functional uses of language The other items will not help faciltate effective communication, rather language learning only. a é 245. 216. 247, 218, 219, 220. 221 222. 228. 224. 225. 226. 227. Optio The c Optio Optio The « speal Opto todo The c Opto be ca The c Opti Thec Optio conte The o Optio evalu The c Optio elimi must The ¢ Optio The ¢ Optio The § and | parts Optio Litera langu texts, Optio Journ‘= and referential pagful language cive discourses scnes, extended i*y in producing ive audience, and speaker “aces and body for a radio leemers in the in producing tes to observe oa references, etc. 215. 216. 217, 218. 219. 20. 224 222, 228. 224. 226. 226, 227. Option A. For beginners, introduce stress and intonation by pure imitation. ‘The other items are inappropriate in teaching pattern dri. 7 Option D. 1,11 and Option D. | and Hil The other items present a feature that is inappropriate in facilitating a teaching procedure in speaking. ie Option D. Presets the type of discourseltask designed by the teacher for the students to do at the end of the teaching session The other items are all tye Option A. all communicative output may in turn be a language input; hence, tasks must be carefully planned. ‘The other items are false. Option B. and tl ‘The other items seek to discover information. Option C. Provide over drill and spend more time in the production of sound in sit contexts The other items are sound princioles in teaching minimal pair dis Option A. Initiate the task by posing 2 question, wait for a single student to respond, evaluate, and provide feedback ‘The other items are used in TPR, Option 8. Games to be presented must require minimal language use, outright elimination, complicated, with elaborate set-up/procedures to stimulate challenge, or must be overly simple especially with young adult and older learners, The other items include unsound principle in using games. Option C. IVa The other items present incorrect sequence of steps.) Option C. Annotating The strategy is annotating because it involves the reader's taking down significant meanings. and understanding on the margins of the text, Highlighting involves undertining the stiking parts or key features of the text without writing notes on the margins, Option B. inseparable from literature Literature involves more than language, ergo, choices c and d speak of literature and not of language. Option A is false because language is used by writers in the creation of literary texts. Option C. Journal writing Journal writing involves regular recording of insights on a specified length of time. The other90 Comprehensive LET Roviewor Specialization - English Book 2 ‘options may not involve any writing at all; if they do, the writing itself is not the final product, ‘which is the case in journal writing, 228. Option A. understanding ‘The study of literature expands or refines our thinking and our sense of life; therefore, we do not only find pleasure nor mere information or knowledge but a deep understanding of its subject matter ~ life. There is enjoyment because there is understanding; it is not meraly cognitive but also affective, — 229, Option D. enable his/her students t6-discover for themselves what the work is about; giving encouragement when and where needed In a student-centered literature class, leamers ase given more opportunities to explore the literary texts and to develop their own responses and sensitivities. 230. Option C. Write-right ‘Write-right do not rhyme because the letter ‘r" before the accented vowel is the same. 231, Option B. Classicism Realism stresses the actual rather than the ideal while Romanticism siresses imagination, ‘emotion and individualism. Imagism was a literary movement specifically in poetry where poets led by Ezra Pound and Amy Lowell used ordinary language and free verse to create sharp, exact, concentrated pictures. 232. Option B. Unfolding plot Accretive and linear are sequential; en medias res starts in the middle action while unfolding plot begins near the climax(crisis), conclusion or end, 234. Option A. setting of the story Setting is both time and place when and where the story happens. Local coior is the use of dialect, customs, apparel, etc. identifying a particular place and time. 235. Option D. Language enhancement Itis language use; therefore, the benefit is language enhancement 236, Option A, Modernism Postmodernism - a vague term used to cover @ number of cultural phenomena in the second half of the 20" century. Its specific reference to literary and artistic developments in the wake ‘of modernism has been overlaid by a more general application to the products and attitudes of a hitech culture. Scientific realism refers to naturalism. Realism - While realism in art is offen used in the same contexts as naturalism, implying a concem to depict or describe accurately and objectively, it also suggests a deliberate rejection of conventionally beautiful or appropriate subjects in favor of sincerity and @ focus on simple and unidealized treatment of contemporary life. 237. Option C, curriculum planning Production of instructional materials is based on the overall framework of the curriculum plan. 238. Option B. goals and objectives of the curriculum 239. 240. 241 242. 243, 24, 246, 246. 247, 248, 249. 250, Conte the cu Optix A gra inolud organ Option Authe purpo Optio Optio Al the Optio: Optio Optio The ke Optio The | inform Optio There Optior Meas have incud soure met. abilty requir Optio Profic trainin Optio Achie how objec Optio‘Answer Key and Rationalizations 91 the final product, i: therefore, we derstanding of pit is not merely e work is about; to explore the he same, sses imagination, in poetry where e verse to create hile unfolding e:0r is the use of @ in the second nis in the wake e's and altitudes realism in art ict or describe prally beautiful or ized treatment of curriculum plan 238. 240. 241 242, 243 245, 247. 249, Content and design of instructional materials must be aligned with the goals and objectives of the curriculum Option A. Graphic organizers ‘A graphic organizer is a diagram or illustration of @ written or oral statement. Examples include matrices, hierarchies, and continua. The goal in using graphic organizers is to ‘organize ideas and examine relationships Option A. A label of acan good § => ‘Authentic matérial refers to authentic texts that are not written for language teaching purposes. Option D. 1, land tt Option C. Fashionable Al the other items are required of a teacher in the preparation of instructional materials. Option . story star Option D. a journal article Options A, B, and C may be comprehensible as inputs in a language class for grade four. ‘The language of a journal article is too complex for a grade four pupil Option C. and I ‘The Department of Education prescribes that literary text be used as primary text and informative text be used as parallel text in the K to 12 language curriculum. Option A. curriculum There must be @ congruence between the instructional materials and the curriculum. Option D. Measurement Measurement deals with the questions “What do the scores tell us about what students have leamed?” ot “Is the test of assessment matched to the learning goal? Evaluation includes interviews, examination of curriculum materials and a variety of information sources 0 determine how well a program is operating and which of its goals are being met. Assessment refers to a variely of ways to collect information on a leamer's language ability oF achievement. A test is an instrumenta set of techniques, procedures or items that requires performance on the part of the test-laker. Option C. Proficiency Test Proficioncy tests are designed to measure applicants’ ability in a language regardless of any training they may have had in that language. Option D. Achievement Test Achievement Tests are directly related to language courses, their purpose being to establish how successful individual students or the courses themselves have been in achieving objectives, Option 8. Placement Test Se EES Ee92 Comprehensive LET Reviewer Specialization - English Book 2 251 252. 253. 256. 256. 256. 257. 258. 259, 260. 261 Placement Tests ate intended to provide information that will help place the students at the stage of the teaching program most appropriate to their abiites. Option A. Diagnostic Test Placement test are intended to provide information that will help place the students at the stage of the teaching program most appropriate to their abilities. Proficiency Tests are designed to measure people's ability in a language, regardless of any training they may have had in that language. Achievement tests are directly related:to language courses, their purpose being to establish how successful individual students or the courses themselves have been in achieving objectives Option D, Determine the level of study that the student would benefit from “Determine the level of study that the student would benefit from’ is a placement decision not a diagnostic decision. Option D. does the fest meet the limits of existing resources including time and test administration? Option D answers the question on Practcality Option A. Ms. Canlas who asked series of questions in the middle of the lecture to determine if students understood the concepts Option A is correct since the purpose of assessment is to monitor the progress of students’ learning. Option A, wash back A test is credible when the way language is being tested looks like real ianguage use. Audit ability is @ term drawn from business bookkeeping. It refers to being able to go back and check to see if the assessment was correctly made. Option C. Cloze test Cloze test - does not measure the way the language is used in real Ife, Option A. essay writing Essay writing is an example of integrative testing as it requires to demonstrate two aspects of language (grammar and vocabulary knowedge) as students would in real language use, Option A. Multiple Choice Test Options A, C, D are examples of altemative assessments where students are required to perform or produce something, Option B. List down the test objectives List down the objectives to ensure the validity of the test Option D. if what is assessed becomes what is valued and what is valued becomes what is taught. Backwash refer to the effect of testing an teaching and leaming, oplions A, B and © are examples of negative backwash. Option B. content validity Content vaicty clearly defines the achievement the test is measuring. A Test has concurrent validity if its results are supported by other concurrent performance. 262, 263. 265. 266. 267. 268. 269. 270. 2m. 272 273, 21, 216. 216. 277. 278. Option mpi Option ‘Syster Option Reses Option No su Option Iisa Option The Optio Action Optio The re Optior The p Optior The tr Optor This p Optior “Lived Optior This s Optior The s Optior The te Optior Studi Optio The 0‘Answor Key and Rationalizations. 93 38 courses, their = themselves have om sent decision not ng time and test of the lecture to ress of students’ age use. Audit e 2 go back and vaiued becomes AB and C are has concurrent 262 263. 264. 266. 266. 267. 268. 269, 270. om 212, 273, 274, 276. 276. 277. 278. Option A. Research is based on data perceived by the senses. Empirical means concrete. é Option B. Research follows procedures Systematic means orderly and scientific, Option D. Grades Research tools are used to gather daia= = Option A. Distover a substance. No substance will be discovered as a result of this problem ‘Option C. Validate generalizations. itis @ hasty generalization that all English majors ke English Option B. How to Improve Services in the Canteen The possible results may be directly applied Option C. Action Action researches aim to solve classroom-based prablems Option A. Fifty six percent of students do not pass assignments requiring reading. The result is significant because of its number Option C. Behavioral The problem is centered on a behavior. Option B. Phenomenological The theory may aise from lived experiences, Other options have other goals Option C. To suggest a planned study This paper is stil incomplete Option D. Student Leader-Scholars and Grades “Lived Experience’ is the emblem of phenomenological research. Option C. Theoretical Basis This serves as foundation of research Option B. American Psychological Association The style used is APA, Option A. Blank Spot The term refers to something not yet Known or studied. Option D. Summarizing Studies must be presented in condensed manner. Option B. The SONA delivered on July 27, 2015 Is PNoy's last. The oiher choices are opinions. an Se eee94 Comprehensive LET Reviewer Specialization - English Book 2 279, 280. 281. 282. 283, 286. 287. 288. 289, 220. 291 292. 293. 234, . Option D. It must be written by the editor in chief. Option B. Fearless. Objective. impactful. Staccato is characterized by words or phrases punctuated as if sentences to create an effect, Option A. Reyes, Santos quit SC It follows the rule of space economy in headtine writing Option B. Santiago: ‘I was there’ it follows the rule of space economy in heaaline writing Option D. Audience = where, referre other t Option Whom Option Semic ’. Option Siye . Option Socio factor 1. Optio This 1 Optior The w Optior The s the de Option ‘Addin Optio Al other choices are very essential Option B. Alternate them. Tris is the rule. Allother choices are not necessary. The editorial may be written by any of the editors. Option A. Police Station Abeat is an assigned place or person from which or whom news data are gathered. Option 8. Before the publication Right before the publication, news items are updated Option D. They must be paraphrased, Quotations are preferred to avoid bias and for directness. Option A. They must contain familiar symbolisms. The elements must be relatable. Option C. Obama opens APEC in Malaysia Sunday The caplion must summarize the content of the picture. setn Option C. 1,1, 8H Opti Al statements are libeleaus until evidences are presented Anno! Option 0. Treatment Opi The treatment of the topic is dependent on the nature and goal ofthe article itis 2 Option D. verification Onto \Vettication precedes the other 3 options, which are synonyms. Exige Option C. playing up the dominant point to prc The other 3 options are no-no's in news story writing. To lengthen a story using more words Optio than necessary is padding. To introduce element of bias in a news story is coloring. To insert only one's opinion in the news is editoriaizing boca Option B. nose for news Opto “nose for news" is the term used to refer to the writer's expertise of “smelling” what is news Ame {and what is not usually developed through actual coverage. Objective journalism is the type ofat of reporting events that confines itself to facts and answers to the SWSH (who, what, when, Opti a‘Answer Key and Rationalizations 95 : create an effect echered, ing more words coloring. To insert what is news ‘ism is the type who, what, when, 296. 296. 297. 298. 299, 300. 301 302, 303, 304, 305, 306. 307. 308, 309. where, why and how). "Watchdog" function refers to adversarial journalism where the media is refered lo as the “fourth estate” or branch of government with the role of fscaliing the three other branches: executive, legislative and judiciary. Option A. Who Whom is the objective case of who. Who functions as direct object in the sentence. Option D. Punctuation ‘Semicoion or-petiod may take the place of commas in the sentence. Option A. Sensitivity to style and faithfulness to content ‘Style and content are camponents which must not be lost in translation, Option D. Socio-semiotic Socio-semiatic perspective underscores sincerity and knowledge of speaker among other factors such as paralingustic and extrainguistic features of a code. Option 8. Cultural Equivalence This technique is preferred when greetings, slangs, and idioms of a culture are part of text. Option A. Dahil Siya ang nagbigay kaayusan at kagalingan sa pitong kalangitan The words are the closest equivalents considering meaning and register. Option B. Flirtatious The word is associated to women and their fashion to attract others with the word frtatious in the definition, Option A. Coordinating Conjunctions ‘Adcing coordinating conjunctions clarifies meaning instead of altering it Option B. Setting Seiting is usually inseparable from Option D. Annotation Annotations may present additional information and explanation Option B. Mentally reacting to possible threats of performance itis an example of fightor-fight mechanism as physiological response. Option C. Crush Exigence is based on audience's personal or social need which a literary piece must satisfy to prove its worth Option A. Adding scenes Only explanatory lines may be added especially when character's are eliminated because of cutting Option B. The reviews on “Anna in the Tropics” published online ‘A metatext includes comments and opinions composed by another after the publication of a text Option A. Shakespeare's characters saying an aside to the audience inal reference and does not need translation.96 Comprehensive LET Reviewer Spe zation ~ English Book 2 310, 3tt 312. 313 314. 37. 318. 319, 320. 321, 322, 323, 324. Fourth wall is the invisible barrier between an actor and audience. When an acior and the audience interact, this wall is orossed. Option D. The Good Earth (P. 8. Buck) Cultural story is a set of stories that transmits @ group's beliefs and values, Option A. The set ‘Spectacle refers to the production and props, Option C. An actor who uses related incident to relive feelings ‘An actor intemalized role by associating it with past experiences. Option C. Nationality of actors eH In color-biind casting, races are set aside especially if a role is not ethnic-specific. Option A. Lovers preparing for a kiss A gaze is needed to convey positive emotion. Option B. Orat Interpretation Options A and C ere examples of Oral Interpretation. Public speaking involves a single person, who, in a relatively formal tone and manner, delivers a continuous, informative, and entertaining speech on a subject of general interest, to a sizeable number of persons. Option B. Royalty Royalties may be given to relatives depending on contract of repubiication. Option A. Popularity The byline is followed by the name of the author. ‘Option A. Working ‘A working joumal is a draft Option 8. Oxymoron Oxymoron is a combination of words with contrasting meaning. Option A. First person ‘An autobiography is an account of one’s life written by himself Option C. FAN-ny A portmanteau clips two words to form thitd meaning associated with combined words Option C. Conereteness, Concrete means specific. Option A. Over modification Dirty and fitty are synonymous modifiers therefore redundant. Option B. Research They researched to substantiate their writing with truth, 325, 326. 327. 328, 329. 330. 331 332, 333. 334. 335. 336. 337. 338. 338. 340. Option C. A foil char Option D. Asscene ¢ Option A. These tw Option B. The findi Option D. The opin Option B The unde Option C ‘Assonan Option 8 This type Option A Around Option & Astock Option £ The cha Option # The wo Option | Eulogy Option | Funke | Ostion Imagen Option Metapt‘Answer Key and Rationalizations 97 E° actor and 3 involves a single 3. informative, and persons 325, 326. 327. 328. 329, 330. 331. 332 333, 334, 336 336. 337. 338. 339. 340. Option C. Foil ‘Aloil character may not necessarily be an antagonist. . Option D. Scene ‘Ascene portrays a scenario and its unfolding, Option A. Asked and answered These two are actions which may actualiy-Reppen in rea fe, Option B. Sudden Eomfort The finding of the weapon is instant. Option D. Unreliable ~ The opinions are inconsistent Option B. Archaic Dietion The underined terms are ol. Option C. Eye rhyme ‘Assonance and consonance are repetition of sounds in a lin. Option B. Category This type is intended for 8 certain group with a defnite choice of theme. Option A. Round Around character is well described in all aspects. Option B. Stock A stock character is a stereotype or usual. Option B. Indirect The character is not directly described as nerdy. Choices C and D are not types. Option A. Local Color ‘The word Itay suggests the origin of the place or the locale. Option B. Long Speech Eulogy is a speech about a dead person. Option B. Immersion Funke lived with the target characters to make storytelling reali ‘Option C. Imagery Imagery means description using all senses for full effect. Option D. Metaphor Metaphor is comparison without the use of as or ike.8% Comprehensive LET Reviewor Specialization - English Book 2 REFERENCES: Antonacci, Patricia A. and O'Callaghan, Catherine M. (2000). A handbook for literacy instructional and assessment strategies, K-8. Boston: Pearson A&B. Bowles, D. ; Borden, D. (2011). Creative Editing (Bth ed ). USA: Wadsworth Cengage Learning. Brantiey, 0.(2007). Instructional assessment of English language leamers in the K-8 classroom. Boston: Pearson Education Inc. Brown, H. Douglas. (2000). Principles of language leaming and teaching. New York: Longman Brown, J.D. (2005). Testing in language programs: A comprehensive guide to English language assessment, Upper Saddle River, Nal: Prentice Hall Regents. Bushman, J. (2006). Using young literature in the English classroom. New York: Pearson! Allyn and Bacon Celce-Murcia, M. & Freeman, D. (2008). The grammar book. Singapore: Heinle, @ Division of ‘Thompson Learning. Cosrad, C. F. (2006). The SAGE handbaok for research in education: Engaging ideas and enriching inquiry. UK: SAGE Publications CONSTEL Engish (Literature segment), vol. vi (1998). Quezon City: People’s Television Network, Ine. owning, June. (2005). Teaching literacy fo students with significant disabilities: Strategies for the K-12 inclusive classroom. 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White, Ronal Blackwel Website: Interanguage August 2REFERENCES 99 r teracy instractional engage Leaming. 1 he K-8 classroom, York: Longman English language York: Pearson’ Allyn ale, a Division of ¢ ideas and slevision Network, s: Strategies Yor the er A concise and materials for iniversity Press. ity Press, 1n Wadsworth. for reading, = Learning David Fulton re present. USA: bridge University in Wadsworth for Effective Jose Cruz, C. (1991). Campus journalism. Quezon City: Rex Book Store Kuder, S.J. (2009). Teaching students with language and communication disabiliies, USA: Alyn and Bacon. Leaver, Betty Lou. (2005). Achieving success in second language acquisition. New York Cambridge University Press, Lipson, Marjorie Y.; Wixson, Karen K. (2003). Assessment and instruction of reading and viiting difficulty: An interactive approach. Boston Allyn and Bacon. Littlewood, , L (2006). ‘The literature student's survival kit USA: Blackwell Publishing Luoma, S. (2004). Assessing,speaking. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. McCormick, Sandra, (2003). Instructing students who have literacy problems. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: MenilPrentice-Hall. Miller, Sue F. (2000). Targetting pronunciation: The Intonation, Sounds and Rhythm of American English. Houghton Mifin Murphy, John. (2008). Essentials of teaching academic ore! communication. Houghton Mittin. Papper, R. (2010). Broadcast news and writing stylebook (4th ed.). USA: Allyn & Bacon. Parker, F. and Riley, K. (200) Linguistics for non-linguists. Boston: Allyn & Bacon. Nunan, Davie. (2004). Teaching strategies for oral communication. USA: Cambridge University Rasinski, Timothy; Padak, Nancy. (2000). Effective reading strategies: Teaching children who find reading dificult. N.J: Prentice-Hall. Richards, Jack C. and Rodgers, Theodore S. (2001)Approaches and methods in language teaching. New York: Cambridge University Press. Richek, Margaret Ann. (2002). Reading problems: Assessment and teaching strategies. Boston: Allyn and Bacon. Sandra Mormic. (2003). Instructing students who have literacy programs. Boston: Pearson Education inc Tanti, . (2013). The fterecy cookbook: A practical guide to effective reading, writing, speaking and listening instruction. USA: Jossey-Bass. Tompskin, G. (2010). Literacy for the 21* century (5? ed.) Boston: Allyn ané Bacon, Troike, Muriel S. (2006). Introducing second language acquisition. USA: Cambridge University Press. Villanueva, P. M. (2008). improving your wnting skills. Mandaluyong: Books Atbp. White, Ronald V. (1988). The ELT curriculum, design, innovation and management. USA: Basil Blackwel. Website: Interlanguage:available:https:/tmww.teachingenglish.org.uk/articleyinterlanguage. Accessed on August 28, 045, ER EEE agence100 Note: \ te You w