Z SEKI N22. : HIMOBIPHOCTI BHTIAKOBHX HO/Mit 2.1. Akciomara4ne o3Ha4enns iimopipnocti Posraanemo npoctip © ta Gyab-aky cucremy Horo niaMHOKUH R, Wo yreopioe o - asreGpy nogili. Hexaii Ha mHoxnni 2 gatano aucroBy dyHKuir0, TOGTO 1H KONHOT NodiT AER nocmasieno y sidnosiduicme ucio PCA), aKe 3a]0BONIbHAe HaCTYTIHHM aKcioMaM Al: P(A) 20 (axciona nesid ‘eunocmi); A2: P(Q)=1 (axciona nopuyeanna); A3: Sixmo = ABER = ta. AB=@_~(A,B-_—necymicni), 10 P(A + B)= P(A) + P(B) (axciowa adumusnocmi). AZ: Simo A,eR, n=1,2,.. Ta 4A,=@, 147 (4,4, - monapno HecyMicHi), TO PUA, => P(A,) a6o P( 4, > P(A,) (axcioma 3nivenot = m= ot adumustiocmi). 3posymizto, mio akcioma 31iueHoi auutuBHocti AJ! € GirbUI CHIIBHOL YMOBONO, i 3 Hei 3pa3y Bumumpae akcioma aautuBHocti A3. Ane Ha npaxtani Ma yacrime 6yaemo sacrocoBysarH 10 akciomy y (bopmi A3, romy i BHutisAeMo ii OKpemo. SIk HacHOK, JU14 TPLOX HOMapHo HecyMicHHX nowt A,B,C crpapwKyerEcs: P(A+B+C)=P(A)+P(B)+P(C). Avanorisno, ana nosinsuoi — cKinyenoi kisbKocti monapHo HecyMicHHx nositi Uncs10 P(A) Hasmpacrsca imosipuicnuo nodit A Fimosipuicms synaaxosoi nogii — ue aeaka yncenbna Mipa oG’eKTHBHOI MOXKIMBOCTI NOSBH BUNALKOBO! NOLt 2.2. Baacrusocti iimosipnocti BL: P(@)=0 (ituosipricme nemoonueol nooit). Hosedennt. Q=Q+G => P(Q)=P(Q+@). Ockinsku OQ. - wecymicni, To 3a akciomow A3 => PC Q) P (Q)P+. Toni 3a axciomow A2 => 1s1+P@) = P(@)=0. B2: P(A) P(A) (imosipnicms npomuseacnot nodit) Josedenna, A+A=Q => P(A+A)=P(Q). Ockiabxn 4,4 - necymicni, To saakciomow AS. => P(A) + P(A) = P(Q)=1. Ove, atilicno, P(A) =1- P(A) B3: So ACB , 10 P(A)< P(B) (teuosipnicms nooii, yo ¢ nactidKom) Josedenna. Ocxinea ACB, to A+AB=B => P(A+AB)=P(B). Ockiseku A,AB - Hecymicni, 10 3a aKciomoro AZ. => = P(A)+ PCAB)= PC. 3a jomoro AL P(AB)=0. Tomy P(A)< P(B). B4: P(A)<1. Josedenna, OckineKn Ac Q., 70 3a BnactuBicrio B3. P(A) < P(Q)=1.One, HaronocuMo ule pas: vosipricms nodit - nesid'eume uneto, Wo ne nepesuyye 1: 0. Tloxaakemo, wo kaacu4na cxema Moxe GyrH 3anucaHa uepe3 axciomaruane osHayenns iimoBipHoci Tipocrip exementapHux nogit mac puraay O={a,, 1}. Bei nogit 1 = P(@,)=—. Mosia ACQ cksiataerbes 3 m ” enementis, A= {o,,0,, € OG’eHHaHHM m nonapHo necymicnux nodiit. Tipu ubomy BAKOH 1) P(A)= 203 2) PQ) n m enementapHux noni), B={e, , 1a AB=@, toni P(A+B)="2* n 2.4. Crarnermna iimopipnicrs Hexaii excnepumenr E mposeseno n pasiv, a nogia A 3apusace m pasis. Binnocna yacrota nogii A (aGo crarucrina fimosipnicrs) z0pisiioe BiaHomreHtosucaa BumpoGypanb, y akux nonig A piaGyaacn, 10 sHeaa dbakTHYHO BHKOHAHHX Bunpoysanp. Mosnasaiors: m BiaHocua 4actora nogit W(A)= n a6o crarucruuna fimosipnicts P*(A)=—. n SIKMIO Ie pas MpoBectH ekcnepHMeHT HaBiTb TY caMy KisbKicTH A pasie, m MoxKe 3MiNHTHCb, TOTO P(A) =1/(A) He € NoBHicTIO 06 EKTHBHOI Miporo, Vimosipnicrio noaii A nasnpacrsca uncn0, mono aKOrO craGinisyerbca BiquocHa Yactora nogii W(A) 3a HeOOMexKeHo BenHKO! KinBKOCTi BANpoGysaHB: P(A) = lim W(A) = lim P*(A). Ymopipnocri nogiii 3a crarncTH4HHM BH3HAYeHHaM OGuHeAMOETECA TisIbKH nicaa mposerenta cepii BunpoSypanb, aki MOxKHa BiATBOpIOBATH HeOOMexKeHy KibkicTs pasiB pH OAHOMY if TOMy camMoMy KOMMUIeKci yMoB aGO 2% Ha OCHOBI kommunix aannx. Jkt nositi Mae GyrH XapakTepHoro craTHcTH4Ha criliKicrE. Bizomi taxi excrepnmentn B ictopii cratuetukn, E — niakuzanna Mover, nosis A="sunae rep6 (“T”)”. Pesyabrarn nogaMo y Bursisuti TAMU: Crarneriraia fimonipnicrs Buxonaseup n-aneno niaknnan — | m-anies10 fe m exenepinenty moan” | P*A)= 7 Brogpon 4040 2048 0,508 Tlipcon 12000 6019 0.5016 Tipcon 24000 12012 0.5005 Ax OawuMo, crarncriina Himosipnicrs P*(A) mac Tensenniro Gyr crifiKoro BemMUHHOIO, NpH 36inbUIeHHi n: P*(A) — 0,5. Hepawxko Gaunt, m0 craTHeTHHa iimopipnicts P*(A) san0Boabuae (Bci Tp) axciomm AI-A3 2.5. Teomerpusine o3a4enHs iimopipHocti Hexaii sci Moxctei pesysibraru excnepumenty E 306paxaiorbca TOUKAMH, ski HerlepeppHo 3anoBHIOIOTb esky O6acTh Q epKaiAoBOrO MpocTopy (oHO-, 1RO- 260 ‘TpuBUMipHOro). PosrasHeMO MOAIO, ska 30OPHKACTHCA ReAKOIO HacTHHOW Q, ACQ. Puc. 8.Yimosipricrs noi A susHayaereca piBnictio: mes(A) mes(Q) ” ae “mes”- Mipa oGacteit (nopxKUHIA, rIOMLa AGO O6'eM ) Himosipnicrs, aka sazaersca —bopmy.io10 (2.2), HasuBacrbea eeoempuunoro iivosipuicmio. Jaa reomerpmnoi iiMonipuocri BuKonytorbes aKciomn A1-A3: DD Pazo; 2) PaQy=ZM_1. 3) samo = ANB=B, 10 mes(Q) mes(AUB) _ mes(A)+mes(B) _ mes(A) mes(Q) ‘mes(Q) mes(Q) me: Tpmicaag 2.2, Ha sinpisky Q=[0;1] sunaaKosnm unHom 3°aBnacrocA TOUKA P(A (2.2) mes(B) P(A+B) ay P+ PB). 12 Sika HimopipHicts Toro, Wo BOHA Tlontale B iHTepBaTT (33 ? WA 12 Pose asanna. P(A) = es , (A) - noBxuHa inteppany A -( 3), Zila aN 1 MA) cfeciecie 1(Q) - qopxKuHa Bigpi3Ka Q , /(Q)=1. Ore, Pas Tpusaag 2.3. Ha nioumni nposexeno pa naparenbHux npaMux, BizcraHs Mik akumn sopisnioe 2a. Ha ntommy Kunyto Monety pasiyea r (ra). 3naiirn iimonipnicts Toro, 110 MoneTa He MepeTHHac 2KomHY 3 MpAMHX. Pose sania. CXeMaTH4Ho NloK@?keMO pi3Hi BHNAAKH po3sTaLyBaHHs MOHeTH Ha TIoUMMH, 3posyMisI0, MIO MONODKeHHA MOHETH NOBHCTIO BUsHAYACTSCA TlotoxkeHHAM Ti HeHTpa, BI @ Puc. 9, a Monera He nepeTHHac 2KOHY 3 MpsMHX, siKkIO ii HeHTp Monlazac B Moocy, HO posramysaraca nocepeamHi Mik napateabHUMH MpaMuMnn Ha BiseTaHi r BAL MA) _%a-r)_a-r WQ) 2a ae Sadana 2.4.( 3adaua npo sycmpin) J\Boe Apy3i8 JOMoBHCs 3ycTpiTHca Mik 9-010 1 10-010 roaMHamn y TeBHOMy Micui. JloMOBHANCK, MO YeKATHMYTb O”MH oaHoro He Ginbute 15 xB. 3HaiirH limoBipHicrs Toro, WO BOHM 3ycTpinYTéCs. Pose"asanna. Hexait x (xB) — 4ac npHxosy nica 9 rouMHH Tlepuioro 3 Apy3iB, ay (xB) — ac npuxoay apyroro. nipamux. Tosi fimosipsicre nomi P(A)Mioxnna Bcix MOXKTHBHX 3HaYeHb Yacy MpHXony KOKHOrO 3 Apy3iB — Q={(x,y)| 0s x< 60,05 y <60} Tloaia A="syerpi4 BinGynacs” — osHauac, mio pisHHns Mik YaCOuM MpHxXoRy apy3is He nepesnuiye 15 XBHTHH, A={{v-y]<15}={-15KEHHA MCHA TMM OpHTinabHHM crlocoGom (bopmysly Biodpoua MOXKHA CIPOCTHTH, sKWNO BiICTAHb Mik TlapaienbHHMH MpaMHMH B3aTH y 2 pas Ginbine nowAUHH TONKH: a2! , TORI 1 - n A6o ae P(A) m He nN — 3aranbue wneno nigkHAaHb, a m — 4neNO BuMaaKiB, KOA rosmKa nepernysia napanesbui mini, qe 4