Nutrition and Gas

Exchange of
Plants and Animals
Gas Exchange
interchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide
(organisms-environment). It also provides
oxygen for cellular respiration and removes
waste products (carbon dioxide).
 Nutrition
processes by which organisms obtain
and use the nutrients required for
maintaining life
 Sunflower
Sunflowers are known for being “happy” flowers,
making them the perfect gift to bring joy to
someone's day. Sunflower is an autotrophic nutrition
because they are able to make their own food without
eating any other organisms. The exchange of oxygen
and carbon dioxide in the leaf occurs through pores
called stomata. Normally, stomata open when the light
strikes the leaf in the morning and close during the
night.
 Lotus
The Lotus flower is regarded in many different cultures,
especially in eastern religions, as a symbol of purity,
enlightenment, self-regeneration and rebirth. Lotus is an
autotrophic, aquatic plant which makes its own food by the
process of photosynthesis. possesses a complex system of gas
canals that channel pressurized air from its leaves, down
through its petioles and rhizomes, before venting this air back to
the atmosphere through large stomata found in the centre of
every lotus leaf.
 Mangrove
Mangroves are salt-tolerant trees, also called halophytes,
and are adapted to live in harsh coastal conditions.
Mangrove ecosystems are net autotrophic. These plants
have pneumatophores which are also called aerial roots.
When submerged in water, these roots stay on top of the
water to be able to exchange gas. Their roots are really
impermeable, so salt from these saline waters can't get
into the roots. They also stop their stomata from opening
"HALOPHYTES" too many times to be able to stop water loss in leaves.
 Cactus
Almost all cacti are succulents, meaning
they have thickened, fleshy parts adapted
to store water. Cactus is an autotroph
because they make their own food using
photosynthesis. Since cacti don't have true
leaves, their stomata are in the body of the
plant, or the stem. The CAM metabolism
allows the cactus to open stomata at night
to take in carbon dioxide so all gas
exchange is completed before when the
sun rises.
 Fern

A fern is a member of a group of vascular plants that

reproduce via spores and have neither seeds nor
flowers.Ferns are photoautotrophs. This means that they use
light as a source to synthesize organic substances such as
the product sugars. The epidermal cells of ferns produce a
waxy cuticle that helps prevent water loss. Stomata, small
openings on the stems and leaves that allow plants to
perform gas exchange with the atmosphere, are also
present.
 Giraffe
Giraffes are the tallest living terrestrial animals and the
largest ruminant on Earth. Giraffes are heterotrophs since
they can't make their own food supply, so they have to eat
other things, like plants or other animals, to survive. Giraffes
breathe in oxygen and release carbon dioxide just like
humans and other mammals do. When a giraffe breathes
oxygen into its body, the air travels down the trachea and
into the lungs.
 Frog
Frogs are amphibians that are known for
their jumping abilities, croaking sounds,
bulging eyes and slimy skin. Frogs are
heterotrophic organisms that means that
they do not produce any form of
sustenance, meaning they will not create
their own food. Frogs have another organ
they use to breathe: their skin. Frogs can
"AMPHIBIANS" exchange oxygen for carbon dioxide
through their skin, but it needs to be
moist for the process to work correctly.
 Dolphin

Dolphins have a reputation for being friendly, but they

are actually wild animals who should be treated with
caution and respect. They are multi-cellular and
heterotrophic; meaning that they rely on other
organisms for food. Dolphins are mammals as they
breathe oxygen through a blowhole on the top of
their heads. When the dolphin is at the surface, the
blowhole opens, allowing seawater and respiratory
gases out and oxygen back in.
 Fish

Fish are aquatic, craniate, gill-bearing animals

that lack limbs with digits. Fishes are
heterotrophs that cannot manufacture its own
food. Water taken in continuously through the
mouth passes backward between the gill bars
and over the gill filaments, where the
exchange of gases takes place.
 Turtle
Turtle is any reptile with a body encased in a bony
shell, including tortoises. Turtles are heterotrophic
since they cannot synthesize their own food and are
dependent on complex organic substances for
nutrition. Turtles breathe through their lungs. The
reptile lung has a much greater surface area for the
exchange of gases than the lungs of amphibians.
Many reptiles' lungs have little sacs called alveoli,
across which gas is exchanged.