Rotational Dynamics Short Questions 1 State the law of conservation of angular momentum. a Give two illustrations of this law. 2] If the earth were to suddenly contract to half of its present radius without any external torque on it, by what duration would the day be decreased? Assume earth to be a perfect solid sphere of moment of inertia 2/5 MR2. (Ans: 18 hr) 21 Define moment of inertia and derive relation between angular momentum and moment of inertia. B] ‘A disc of moment of inertia 5 x 10“ kg m* is rotating freely about axis through its centre at 40 rpm. Calculate the new revolution per min if some wax of mass 0.02 kg is dropped gently onto the disc 0.08 m from its axis. (Ans: 32 rev/min) 2) Define radius of gyration. ro] Calculate radius of gyration of uniform rod. in ‘A constant torque of 200 Nm turns a wheel about its centre. the moment of inertia about its axis is 100 kg m’. i. Find the angular velocity gained in 4 sec. (Ans: 8 rad/s) [1] ii. KE. gained after 20 evolutions when it starts from east (Ans: 25132.75 J) 2 You are holding your outstretched arm at rest in a horizontal position, The mass of your arm is 'm’ and its length is 0.740 m when you release your arm, it drops freely and begin to rotate about your Scanned with CamScanner_~ th shoulder joint. Assume Jong uniform rod. Find acceleration of the rm (Ans: 19.865 rad / s') i. Initial angular 1} linear acceleration of your hand. (Ans: 14.7 m/s?) [1] external torque applied and moment of inertia. B) Two balls connected by a rod, as shown in the figure below (Ignore .d the mass of ball Y is rod’s mass). Mass of ball X is 700 grams ant at is the moment of inertia of the system about AB? Derive relation between 500 grams. Whi ‘Ans: 0.087 kg m? Scanned with CamScannerGLOBAL CHOOL Physics |_ 3 Simple Harmonic Motion Short Questions 1 a. Name the two types of potential energy involved when a mass- spring system performs vertical simple harmonic oscillations. [1] Describe the energy changes which take place during one complete oscillation of a vertical mass-spring system, starting when the mass is at its lowest point. [2] Figure shows how the total potential energy due to the simple harmonic motion varies with time when a mass-spring system oscillates vertically. 0 02 04 06 08 1.0 12 time/s State the time period of the simple harmonic oscillations that produces the energy-time graph shown in Figure 3, explaining how you arrive at your answer. [Ans: 0.8 s] [2] Define simple pendulum and obtain expression for its time period. B) A simple pendulum of time period 1.90 s is set up alongside another pendulum of time period 2.00 s. The pendulums are displaced in the same direction and released at the same time. Calculate the time interval until they next move in phase. Explain how you arrive at your answer. [Ans: 38 s] 2) A simple pendulum is given a small displacement from its equilibrium position and performs simple harmonic motion. Scanned with CamScanner( 4. | G86 Practice Book - X1 Se aH 64 State what is meant by simple harmonic motion tl Calculate the frequency of the oscillations of simple pendulum oy Jength 984 mm, [Ans: 0.503 1] ty ¢ bob of the simple pendulusn whey, tion is 42 mi. Ans; 0.42 m/s?} 2) c. Calculate the acceleration of th the displacement from the equilibrium pos! rystal lattice vibrate in a similar way to the trolley, a similar way to the forces exerted is model of a vibrating ion can be 4, Copper ions in a ci because the inter-atomic forces act in by the springs. Figure shows how thi represented. copper y joa y, fixed e fixed spring seeing V7 ‘omic ‘spring’ is about 200 N m- 1.0 « 10 kg. Show that the SNH a. The spring constant of each inter-at 1 The mass of the copper ion is frequency of vibration of the copper ion is about 10° Hz = (2) b. Ifthe amplitude of vibration of the copper ion is 10! m, estimate (2) its maximum speed. [Ans: 630 m/s] m kinetic energy of the copper ion. [Anst 2 * c. Estimate the maximut 107° J] 0) Long Questions ow how the acceleration of the mass varies with time over a period of 1.2, starting with the mass at the highest point of its oscillations. On your graph, upwards should be shown as positive and downwards 1. a, Sketch a graph on Figure to sh acceleration »* acceleration as negative. Values are not required on the acceleration axis. (2) Scanned with CamScannerPhysics |_5 Physics) (15) b. The mass of the object suspended from the spring in part (b) is 0.35 kg. Calculate the spring constant of the spring used to obtain from figure. State an appropriate unit for your answer. B) ° o2 (ow os 10) 08 tole c. The maximum kinetic energy of the oscillating object is 2.0 x 102 J. Show that the amplitude of the oscillations of the object, is about 40 mm. (3) 2. A trolley of mass 0.80 kg rests on a horizontal surface attached to two identical stretched springs, as shown in Figure 3, Each spring has a spring constant of 30 N m', can be assumed to obey Hooke's law, and to remain in tension as the trolley moves. a. The trolley is displaced to the left by 60 mm and then released. Show that the magnitude of the resultant force on it at the moment of release is 3.6 N. 2] b. Calculate the acceleration of the trolley at the moment of release and state its direction. [Ans: 4.5 m/s?] (2) Scanned with CamScanner6 | GSS Practice Book - XI c. The oscillating trolley performs simple harmonic motion. State the two conditions which have to be satisfied to show that a body performs simple harmonic motion. Qj d. The frequency fof oscillation of the trolley is given by L [% fi Tos fe where m= mass of the trolley k = spring constant of one spring. Calculate the period of oscillation of the trolley, stating an appropriate unit. [Ans: 730 s] (2) 3. a. Describe the energy changes that take place as the bob of a simple pendulum makes one complete oscillation, starting at its maximum displacement. 22) yf Figure shows a young girl swinging on a garden swing. You may assume that the swing behaves as a simple pendulum. Ignore the mass of chains supporting the seat throughout this question, and assume that the effect of air resistance is negligible. 15 complete oscillations of the swing took 42s. i. Calculate the distance from the top of the chains to the centre of mass of the girl and seat. [Ans: 1.9 m] (2) ii, Calculate the maximum speed of the girl during the first oscillation. [2.2 m/s] (0) Scanned with CamScannerPhysics |_7 On above figure draw a graph to show how the kinetic energy of the girl varied with time during the first complete oscillation, starting at the time of her release from maximum displacement. On the horizontal axis of the graph, T represents the period of the swing. You do not need to show any values on the vertical axis.[3] Scanned with CamScanner8 | GSS Practice Book - XI Fluid Dynamics Short Questions Is ‘This question tackles the drag force experienced when an object falls freely through a fluid. a. What is the cause of drag in fluids? 0) b. State three factors affect the magnitude of the drag force. t c. Draw a free-body diagram for a sinking object at each of the following points during its descent: B) i. The instant it is released. ii, As it is accelerating. iii, When it is travelling at its terminal velocity. Be sure to label any forces indicated. Here, you will explore the factors that affect buoyancy in fluids. a, Explain why fluids exert a pressure. 0 b. Show that this pressure is hpg for a vertical cylinder of length h and cross-sectional area A. (3) c. State Archimedes’ Principle. ii] a. _ By considering a cuboid of thickness x buried with its top surface at a depth h, show that the upthrust will be Axpg, where A is the area of its upper surface. B) b. Icebergs typically float with 90% of their volume beneath the water. Given that p water = 1000 kgm’, use Archimedes Principle to calculate the density of the ice. 2 a. Define upthrust and write its unit. 0) b. A bucket of water is suspended from a spring balance. Does the reading of balance change? i, When a piece of stone suspended from a string is immersed in water without touching the bucket? Scanned with CamScannerPhysics |_9 ii, When a piece of iron or cork is put in the water in bucket? [1] c. A piece of copper having an internal cavity weighs 264 gm in air and 221 gm in water, Find the volume of cavity if density of copper is 8.8 gmv/cc. [Ans: 13 cc] 22] 5. a. State principle of floatation. (2) b. Apiece of ice is floating in water. i. What will happen to the level of water when alll ice melts? ii, What will happen if the beaker is filled with liquid a. denser than water b. _ lighter than water. (3) 6. a. Define angle of contact. a) b. Small particles of camphor dances on the surface of water. Why? 0) c. Calculate the work done in breaking a drop of water of 2 mm diameter into million droplets of the same size (T=7* 10? N/m) (3) 7. a. Define surface tension. Antiseptics should have low surface. Why? 2] b. Establish relation between surface tension and surface energy density. 2] c. Hot soup is more tasty than cold one, Why? i] 8. a. Why mercury does not wet the glass tube? 2] Calculate the height to which a water at 4°C will rise in a capillary tube of | mm diameter. Take g = 980 em/s*, surface tension of water (1) = 7% 10? N/m. [Ans: 2.94 em] B] 9. a, State and prove Bernoulli's theorem, B] b. Air of density 1.3 kg /m? blows horizontally with a speed of 108 kavher. A house has a plane roof of area 40 m?. Find the magnitude of aerodynamic lift on the roof. [Ans: 23400 N} [2] Scanned with CamScannerw 10 10. a. 3S Practice Book - XI What is capillarity? Derive an expression for the rise or fall of liquig in capillary tube. 3] b. How much weight of water is supported by surface tension jy capillary tube of diameter 0.3 mm? (0 = 0°) 2) [Ans: 6.6 * 10° yy a. Why do clouds float in sky? ( b. Why more viscous oil is used in summer than in winter in motor cars? 0) c. Two spherical rain drops of equal size are falling vertically through air with terminal velocity of 0.15 m/s. What would be the terminal velocity if these two drops were to coalesce to form a large spherical drop? (Ans: 0.238 m/s) Ry Long Questions Stokes’ Law describes viscous drag acting on an object travelling at low speeds. From it, the following expression can be derived for a small sphere dropping through a viscous flui 2r Veerminal on where r, ps, pf and 1 represent the sphere’s radius, the densities of the sphere and the fluid and the fluid’s viscosity, respectively. Sketch graphs showing the form of the following for positive values of all quantities: Total for Question 2: 9 @.— Vierminal VS 1) 2) b.Veenninat VS 1 C2] C.— Vierminat VS (Ps ~ Pr) 2] Briefly outline a simple experiment that could be used to determine a fluid’s viscosity. Assume that any spheres’ radii and the fluid’s density are known. Ql Scanned with CamScanner1» GLOBAL SCHOOL First Law of Thermodynamics Short Questions 1, a, What is the specific heat in an isothermal process? ( b. Andeal gas in slowly compressed at a constant temp of 50° to one half its original volume. I's this process, 80 Cal of heat was given. How much work was done and what was the change in internal energy of gas. Assume one mole of an ideal gas. [Ans.: 1856.26 J & 1522.26 J] [3] c. Compare the interned energy of a compressed gas with that of rarefied gas at the same temp. 0) 2. a. Define first law of thermodynamics? a b. An ideal gas (y=1.4) is heated at constant volume. If the amount of heat of 280 J is supplied to the gas, calculate the change in internal energy of the gas. [Ans: 280 J} [3] c. How can you connect internal energy with temp? (] 3. a, What do you mean by open system? Explain with example. [1] A gasoline engine takes in air at 25° C and one atmospheric pressure and compressed adiabatically to one-tenth of its original volume. Find the final temp and pressure (y=1.4) [3] [Ans: 748.5 K, 25.11 atom] ¢. What do you mean by isochorie process? 0] 4. a, Define isothermal process and explain with example. y b. The density of a gas is 1.775 Kg m® at 27° C and 10° Nm”. If the specific heat capacity at constant pressure is 846 J kg"K-!. Find the ratio of specific heat capacity at constant pressure to that at constant volume. [Ans: 1.29] [3] ¢. What do you mean by isobaric process? (1) Scanned with CamScanner) 2. GLOBAL SCHOO, Book - XI «by a eyelic process? z ‘What is mes : , -Cy=R. ‘ b. Show that Cp P + cyclic process. ty) Py change in internal enerey #6269 rae : done by the ideal gas during 6, a. Derive an expression for the work done by = isothermal process. aunt en from ‘at 10°! along the three different paths as b. Assystem is take ‘ +« the work done by the system the shown in fig, Along which path is the 9 greatest and the least? Give reason. 7, a. _ Derive gas equation for adiabatic process. (3) b. Temperature changes during adiabatic change. Explain why? [1] What isthe specific heat capacity in an adiabatic process? U1] Long Questions 1. a. What is an adiabatic process? Derive an expression for work done in adiabatic process. 3] b. Specific heat capacity of hydrogen at NTP is 28.77 * 10° J kg"K. Calculate its specific heat capacity at constant volume if density of hydrogen at NTP 0.09 Kg m*. BI [Ans: 26.64 x 10° J kg"K"!] c. What do you mean by internal energy of a gas? 2] 2. a. The brake drums ofa car get heated, why? 2 b. Is first law of thermodynamics applicable in above questions? [2] | Mio type of energy is converted into heat energy? Explain. [1] | Isothermal changes is to be carried out slowly. Explain why? [1] e. Why Cy is greater than C,? 2 Scanned with CamScannerSecond Law of Thermodynamics -y of heat engine, u cy of heat engine. (2) Define the efficier Obtain the effic’ Efficiency of heat engine cannot be 100%; why? [2] State second law of thermodynamics in different forms. [2] Mention the limitations of First law of thermodynamics. (2] What is irreversible process? ui] What is reversible process? Write some conditions for reversible (2) process. ‘A heat engine takes in 8000 J of heat and rejects 5400 J in each cycle what is the mechanical output work and efficiency of the [Ans: 2600 J and 32.5%] [3] engine Explain the construction and working of petrol engine using P-V diagram. 3) Express its efficiency with appropriate formula (2] Define entropy. i] A body absorbs heat 200 Cal at 370 K temp. Calculate its entropy JAns: 2.25 J/K] [2] change. Why does the entropy of system always increase in any practical process? Q] (3) Explain the construction and working of Diesel engine. Why is efficiency of Diesel engine more than that of petrol engine? (2) What is a heat pump? ia] Define its coefficient of performance. ri Ina refrigerator, heat from inside at 277 K is transferred to a room at 300 K. How many joule of heat shall be delivered to the room for each joule of electrical energy consumed ideally? [Ans: 13.04 J] [3] Describe the construction and working of Carnot engine. Ql A Carnot engine absorbs 1000 J of heat from a reservoir at 127°C and rejects 600 J of heat during each cycle B] Calculate the efficiency of the engine. Find the temp of the sink. iii, How much work does it carry per cycle? [Ans: 40%, - 33°C . 400 J] Scanned with CamScanner{ i | Book - XI 44 | GSS Practice a oy Ke) atl | Wave Motion Short Questions lea womb, ves are used to produce images ofa fetus insid Ultrasound war awave. tl) a. Explain what is meant by the frequency of b. Ultrasound is a longitudinal wave. Describe the nature of a longitudinal wave. 2] In order to produce an image with sufficient detail, the wavelength of the ultrasound must be 0.50 mm. The speed of the ultrasound in body tissue is 1540 ms“!, Calculate the frequency of the ultrasound at this wavelength. (2] Ans: 3.08 x 106 Hz, Fig. (1) shows the variation of displacement x with time 't’ in a progressive wave, t (ms) Fig. (1) Fig. (2) shows the variation with distance d alons sal f list ‘i HA vs long the same wave of the Fig. (2) Scanned with CamScanner#333, GLOBAL Sseee SCHOOL Some ecient is acy Physics | 15 Use figures (1) and (2) to determine a, the amplitude Ans: 0.4* 109m [I] b. the wavelength Ans: 0.1m [1] c. the frequency Ans:5Hz [1] d. the speed Ans: 0.5 m/s [1] e. Write any two difference between progressive wave and stationary wave. t) A fisherman notices that his boat is moving up and down periodically owing to waves on the surface of water. It tak lowest, a total distance of 0.62 m. The fisherman sees that the wave crests are spaced 6 m apart as shown in figure. 5 second for the boat to travel from its highest point to its a. What is the amplitude of wave? Ans: 0.31m [1] b. How fast are the waves travelling? Ans: 1.2 m/s [2] c. What is the phase difference between two consecutive troughs? [2] Ans: 20 A typical graph to represent the wave motion is in the form of sine, wave as shown in fig. Study the graph and answer the questions. Scanned with CamScanner/ 4 238%. GLOBAL ECE OS, ae renee practice Book - XI [ q efine the term wave. —s ad longitudinal wave. ty ansverse a it ferentiate between tr Fi es of the wave, What is the amplitude of the a represented by the graph. ah } iv. Calculate the displacement of the vibrating particle at a distance 4 em and 10 cm from the origin. : ol] v. What is the phase difference between the state of vibrations of particles at a distance 6 em and 18 em from the origin. [Ans: | 37] Uy Long Questions 1. a. Define progressive wave. (1) b. Other than clectromagnetic radiation, give one example of a wave that is transverse in nature. u) c. State one difference between a transverse and a longitudinal wave. Oy) d. Discuss the result of superposing two waves of equal amplitude, frequency and wavelength but travelling in opposite direction. [3] ec. Frequency is the most fundamental property of a wave. Why? [2] 2. a. The equation of motion of a wave is y = 1.2 sin (3.5 t—0.5 x), where distances and time are expressed in meter and second respectively. Determine. i frequency Ans: 0.56 Hz [1] ii, speed Ans: 7.04 m/s [1] iii. wavelength Ans: 12.57m_ [I] iv. the equation of the wave with double the amplitude and double the frequency but travelling exactly in opposite direction. Ans: y'=2.4 sin (7.04 t+x) [1] b. Derive equations of plane progressi gressive wave. B] Scanned with CamScannerPhysics |_17 ‘A progressive wave is travelling from A to B and reflects from the surface XY along B to A. Both wave superimpose to give stationary wave. vi. Define stationary wave and how it is formed? Oy) Name and define the point P and Q. (1 Calculate the distance between the points. f e PandQ e PandR © Qands Describe the nature of vibration of particle at a point P and Q. [2] What is the phase of reflected wave (wave travelling from B to A after reflection from surface XY) with incident wave if the reflecting surface is (a) denser (b) rarer ? ie] Write the equation of stationary wave if XY is 12] a. rarer medium b. denser medium Scanned with CamScanner8 | GSS Practice Book - Xl 18 _| GSS Practice Book =O Mechanical Waves Short Questions Li 1 a. Explosions on other planets are not heard on the earth. State the nature of sound waves. Ul) What are the fundamental properties of a medium on which speed 0) of sound depends? Show that the velocity of sound in any medium depends upon the elastic factor and inertial factor of that medium. B) ‘ong Questions Dong Questions The sound of a distant coming train can be casily detected by placing our car near the rails. Justify. 2) Write the Newton's assumption and formula for the velocity of sound in air, Explain why this formula has to be modified. Discuss the essense of Laplace's formula. B] If the velocity of sound in air at 0°C is 280 ms", calculate the velocity of sound in air at 819°C. 3] Ans: 560 ms Suppose there are three types of materials of same length. They are, steel rod, water on a swimming pool and air. In which material sound travels fastest and slowest? Justify with proper formula, [2] The velocity of sound in air being 332 m/s at 0°C. Find the change in velocity per degree rise in temperature, Bl Ans: 0.61 m/s i. Why are sounds heard better on a wet day than on a dry day? 2] ii, The audible frequency range of a human ear is 20 Hz - 20 KHz. Convert this into corresponding wavelength range. Take Scanned with CamScannere Physics | 19 the speed of sound in air at ordinary temperature to be 340 ms. (1) Ans: 17 mm to 17m The velocity of sound in a tube containing air at 27°C and a pressure of 76 cm of Hg is 330 m/s. What will be its velocity when the pressure is increased to 100 cm of Hg and the temperature is kept constant? [2] If a detonator is exploded on a railway line, an observer standing on the rail 2.0 km away hears two sounds. What is the time interval between these two sounds? (Young's modulus for steel = 2.0 x 10!! Nm, density of steel = 8.0 x 10° kg m-, density of air= 1.4 kg mr 3, ratio of molar heat capacities of air = 1.4, atmospheric pressure = 10° Nm), 3) Ans: 5.92 sec. The bulk modulus of water is 2100 MPa. Calculate the speed of sound in water. B) Ans: 1450 m/s Write any three factors which affect the speed of sound in air with their relation. BI Speed of sound in oxygen is less than that in hydrogen. Justify. [2] Ina stormy day, a boy observes a lighting flash which is followed by a thunder 3 second later. How would you estimate the distance of the lighting strike from the boy? (Given velocity of sound on that day = 332 mis, velocity of light = 3 x 10° m/s) B] Ans: 996 m Scanned with CamScanner20 | GSS Practice Book - XI es and Strings Waves in Pip Short Questions Loa Define the term 'end correction’. () ol b. State the laws of transverse vibration of a fixed string. hed between two fixed points. It is plucked at its c. A string is stretcl nary wave as shown centre and the string vibrates, forming a statio in figure below. 75 em ——+! . ' é The length of the string is 75 cm. i. Calculate the wavelength of the wave. 0) Ans: 1.5m ii, The frequency of vibration of the string is 360 Hz. Calculate the speed of the wave on the string. [2] Ans: 540 ms By what factor does the velocity of transverse wave in a string change when the tension in the stretched string is increased by four times? (2) / b. An open pipe 30 cm long and a closed pipe 23 cm long both of the same diameter are each sounding its first overtone and they are in unison. Calculate the end correction of these pipes. (3) Ans: 1m Scanned with CamScannerPhysics | _21 Long Questions a. Following figure shows the formation of stationary waves on a string. i. Ona copy of above figure, label one node (N) and one anti- node (A). ) ii, Mark on your diagram, the wavelength 2 of the standing wave. 0) iii. If adjacent nodes are separated by 25 cm. Determine: a. _ the wavelength of the stationary wave. Ans: 0.5 m io3) b. _ the distance from a node to an adjacent anti-node. 0) Ans: 0.125 m i. Define the terms harmonics and overtones. 0) ii, Calculate the frequencies of first three modes in an open organ pipe with necessary diagrams. B] For sound waves of frequency 2500 Hz, it is found that two nodes are separated by 20 cm, with three antinodes between them. i. Draw necessary diagram of the above condition and determine the wavelength of these sound waves. 2] Ans: 0.133 m ij. Determine the speed of sound. ty Ans: 333.33 m/s Show, by calculation, only odd harmonics are present in a closed organ pipe due to which the sound produced by such organ pipe is poorer in quality. 23) Show that the frequency of fundamental note of an open organ pipe is double than for closed pipe of same length. 2) Scanned with CamScannerGLOBAL SCHOOL 22 | Gss Practice Book - X] . a astretched 3. a. What happens to the frequency of transverse vibration of a str . tee aj? string, if its tension is halved and area of cross-section is eee A wire of diameter 0.040 cm and made of steel of density gone kg /m? is under constant tension of 80 N. What length of this wire should be plucked to cause it to vibrate with a frequency 840 3 Ans: 0.168 m The six strings of a guitar are of same length and are under nearly same tension, but have different thickness. On which string, do waves travel the fastest? [2] The sound produced by open pipes is sweeter than that from closed pipes. Why? 1] Scanned with CamScannerPhysics |_23 Acoustic Phenomena Short Questions 1. a, State what is meant by Doppler's effect. a] b. A student is sitting on the beach, observing a power boat moving with the speed of 25 ms on the sea. The boat has siren emitting a constant sound of frequency 420 Hz. The student notices that the pitch of the siren changes with a regular pattern. i. Explain, what will happen the pitch of siren when the boat approaches towards the student and moves away from the student. [2] ii. Calculate the maximum frequency that the student will hear. (speed of sound in air = 330 ms") (2) Ans: 454.426 Hz 2. a. Define the term ‘pressure amplitude’ and write pressure wave equation. in] b. Sound waves are also known as pressure waves. Justify. 2) ¢. What will happen the intensity of a wave if the pressure amplitude of a sound wave is halved? 2 ean ee Long Questions I. a. The sound produced by any source is generally characterized by its intensity, loudness, quality and pitch. i. Define the terms intensity, loudness, quality and pitch. (++I) ii, What is intensity level, B. 1 iii, ‘The intensity level from a loudspeaker is, 100 dB at a distance of 10 m. What is the intensity level at distance of 200 m? [3] Ans: 74 dB Scanned with CamScannerPractice Book - XI ferent frequency tha A person in motion hears sound of different Te than i actual frequency produced by a source of sound. Why? ty fe = fre ceived by Obtain an expression for the apparent frequency re ya Stationary observer when i. Source is moving away from him, ii, Source is moving towards him. B] How is it possible that one can recognize a friend from his voice Without seeing him? 2] “An empty vessel makes much noise." Justify. 2] Show that the apparent fre: ‘quency of sound is greater than the real frequency, when the observer and source approach to each other. 2] The data below was obtained during an investigation into the relationship between the different velocities of a moving sound Source and the frequencies detected by a stationary listener for. each velocity. The effect of wind was ignored inthis investigation, Experiment 1 2 3 4 Velocity of the sound Source (ms-!) 0 | 10 | 20 30 Frequency (Hz) of the sound detected by] 900 | 374 850 | 827 the stationary listener i, State the Doppler's effect in words, [2] ii, Was the source moving towards or away from the listener? Given reason. ty iii, Use the information in the table to calculate the speed of sor und during the investigation, 2) Ans: 336.15 m/s iv. State one use of Doppler’s effect in medicine. i) i a \ Scanned with CamScannerGLOBAL SCHOOL paints Physics | 25 The roaring of a lion is different than the sound of a mosquito. Which characteristics of sound is responsible for this, Explain. [2] A stationary motion detector sends sound waves of 150 KHz towards a police jeep approaching at a speed of 120 km/hr as shown in figure. Motion detector What is the frequency of the wave reflected back to detector? (velocity of sound in air = 340 m/s). [3] Ans: 182.6 KHz. The Siren of a police car initially at rest emits a sound with a frequency of 1600 Hz as shown in figure. Stationary What frequency will you hear if the police car moves at 25 m/s. i. towards you? ii, away from you ? Which sound worse? [3] Ans: 1726 Hz, 1491 Hz Scanned with CamScanner26 I_GSS Practice Book - XI Nature of Light Wave Long Questions 1. a Write any one difference between ray and a wavefront. 1 ; b. Draw the shapes of - i. spherical wavefront ii. cylindrical wavefront iii. plane wavefront : » State Huygen's principle, (1 d. Using this Principle, draw a diagram to show how a plane wavefront incident at the interface of the two media gets refracted when it [2] 3] Propagates from a rarer to a denser medium. €. — Hence, verify Snell's law of refraction. 2. a. Write any two differences between wavefront and wavelets, [2] . State Huygen's principle. 0] ¢. Using Huygen's geometrical Construction of wavefront, show how a plane wavefront gets reflected from a surface, (2) d. — Hence, verify the laws of reflection. [3] Scanned with CamScannerPhysics |_27 Interference ‘Short Questions 1, a. The figure below shows light from two coherent sources $; and S2, superposing to create a bright fringe at Q and a dark fringe at P.Q is equidistant from $) and $2. The diagram is not to scale. Hi |+— Bright fringe I+ Dark tinge ja &: P Explain how the dark fringe at P and bright fringe at Q are caused. 2] b. A laser emits light of wavelength 6.3 x 10-7 m and is used to illuminate a double slit which has a separation of 2.4 x 10~ m. Interference fringes are observed 4.2 m from the slits. Ans: 0.011 m. i, Calculate the fringe separation. 2) ii, The double slit acts as a pair of coherent sources. Explain what is meant by coherent sources. ia} 2. a, Explain what is meant by destructive interference. ty b. In a Young's double-slit experiment using yellow light of wavelength 590 nm from a sodium discharge tube, a student sets up a screen 1.8 m from the double slit. He measures the distance Scanned with CamScanner28 | GSS Practice Book = XI between 12 fringes as 16.8 mm. [Ans: 6.32% 10° m] ce the effect of : / using slits of narrower width (but the same separation) uy tion but of same width, { ng slits with a smaller 3. a. Draw sketches of displacement against time to illustrate the following: 1. two waves having the same amplitude and in phase with one another, 0) ii, Two waves having the same amplitude and with a phase difference of 90°, 0) b. Ina Young's double slit experiment the separation between the first and fifth bright fringes is 2.5 mm when the wavelength of light used i862 * 10mm, Calculate the separation ofthe two slits when the distance between the slit and screen is 80 em, 3) Ans: 7,9 x 104 m, Long Questions 1. a. A laser light is described as Producing light which is both highly coherent and monochromatic, i. Explain what is meant by the term monochromatic. ty ii State the conditions necessary for two light sources to be coherent. uy b. Explain, what is meant by the term interference a © Just over two hundred years ago, Thomas Young demonstrated the interference of light by illuminating two closely spaced narrow slits with light from a single light source i. What did this suggest to ‘Young about the nature of | light? (1) Using Young's double slit experiment, obtain an expression for n" order maxima. GB) Scanned with CamScannerw2Ie erence Physics | 29 5 . D iii. Show, that the fringe width is given as B = 0 , where the symbols carry their usual meaning, ) 2. a, The diagram represents the experimental arrangement used to produce interference fringes in Young's double slit experiment. SZ “is Monochromatic oUce of ight Single sii Double Screen slit Instead of using double slit, can we use two independent sources of light to observe interference pattem? Explain. [2] b. In the above experiment, if the distance between two slits and the screen are halved and distance between the slits and the screen is doubled, then what will be the effect on fringe width? 2) c. What will be the effect on the fringes formed in Young's double slit experiment, if the apparatus is immersed in water? W 4. Ina double-slit experiment using, light from a helium-neon lases, a student obtained following results: width of 10 fringes = 1.5 em separation of slits = 1.0 mm slit to sereen distance = 2.4 m Using above data, determine the wavelength of the light. B) Ans: 6.3 x 107 m. Scanned with CamScanner30 | GSS Practice Book - XI Diffraction Short Questions rr a. Figure below shows a schematic diagram of diffraction of light waves through a narrow slit. Explain what do you mean by the term diffraction? 2) Describe Fraunhofer diffraction through single slit to find the expression of position of nth order minima and formation of central maxima, B] i. Define resolving power of an optical instrument, fa] ii, Write the expression for resolving power of a microscope and telescope. uy Monochromatic light is incident normally on a diffraction grating having 3000 lines per centimeter. The angular separation of the zeroth and first order maxima is found to be 10°. Caleulate the wavelength of the incident light. [Ans: $80 nm] By Ina single slit (Fraunhofer) diffraction experiment, the intensity of the central maximum is plotted in figure below. Scanned with CamScanner= Physics | 31 Central — maximum First Position on ‘minimum screen i, On above figure, sketch how the intensity varies across the sereen to the right of the central maximum, cp ii, Derive the width of central maximum by redrawing above figure. (3) b. How is the width of central maximum affected if the width of slit is doubled? i Long Questions 1. a. Explain why diffraction is common in sound waves but not common in light waves. 2) b. Is it correct to say that diffraction is the interference between different parts of the same wave front? Explain, (2) Write one difference between interference and diffraction. [1] Explain diffraction through transmission / diffraction grating and derive the relation d sin 0» =n 2 for n'* order maxima, B] 2. a. What is grating spacing in a diffraction grating? Write its formula. 0) b. A narrow beam of monochromatic light of wavelength 590 nm is directed normally at a diffraction grating as shown in figure, Scanned with CamScanner32_|_GSS Practice Book - XI narowvean ot || ‘monochromatic light ld The grating spacing of the diffraction grating is 1.67 « 10% m. i. Calculate the angle ofthe second order diffracted beam. 2] Ans: 45° Hi, Show that no beams higher than the second order can be observed at this wavelength, 2] ili, The light source is replaced by « monochromatic light source of unknown wavelength. A narrow beam of light fom this light source is directed normally at the grating. Measurement ofthe angle of diffraction ofthe second order beam gives a value of 42.1°. Calculate the wavelength of this light source, 1B] [Ans: 560 nm] How wide is the central diffraction peak on a screen 3 5S m behind 4.0.01 mm slit illuminated by 500 nm light source? 2 Ans: 0.35 m A diffraction grating has 400 lines per mm and is illuminated normally by a monochromatic light of wavelength 6000 A. Calculate the grating spacing, the angle at which first order maximum is seen and the maximum number of difftaction maxima obtained, G3) Ans: 2.5 x 10 m, 13,899, 4 A plane transmission grating having $00 lines per mm is illuminated normally by light source of 600 nm wavelength. How ‘many diffraction maxima will be observed on a screen behind the B) grating? Ans: 3 Scanned with CamScannerPhysics |_33 Hea Polarization Short Questions 1. a, State what is meant by polarization? a3) b. Which type of wave can be polarized and why? [2] c. How unpolarized and polarized light are represented? 0) d. Write any two difference between unpolarized and polarized light. 0) 2, a. State and explain Brewster's law of polarization. (3) b. The polarizing angle for a medium is 60°. Use Brewster's law to find the velocity of light in the medium. 2] Ans: 1.73 108 m/s Explain, how polarization of light confirms the transverse nature of light? BI 'A beam of light is incident at polarizing angle on a piece of transparent material of refractive index 1.62, What is the angle of refraction for the transmitted beam? 2) Figure below shows two identical polarizing filters, A and B and an unpolarized light source. The arrows indicate the plane in which the electric field of the wave oscillates. Transmission oa | NU IN “Y Ke | + L-( Unpolarized pA B Observer light source 1 Scanned with CamScanner34__|_GSS Practice Book - XI i. If polarized light is reaching the observer, draw the direction of transmission axis on filter B. ty The polarizing filter B is rotated clockwise through 369° about line XY from the position shown in above figure. On the axis below, sketch how the light intensity reaching the (2) fh observer varies as this is done. Max. Intensity of light Min. 90577180 |] 270 9) “Se0 iii. State any two applications of a Polarizing filter and give a Teason for its use. [2] 5. a. Write any two uses of polaroids, 1) b. Why longitudinal waves cannot be polarized? 1) © Can X-rays be polarized? Give reason, 0) d. What is the relation between critical angle and polarization angle? Oy] ¢- What is the polarizing angle of a medium of refractive index 3 2 y Ans: 30° Scanned with CamScannerPhysics |_35 alee tl Electrical Circuit Short Questions a, “Kirchhoff’s laws are related to a certain conservation laws". Name them. 05) b. If the galvanometer in each arrangement do not show any deflection, obtain the ratio of Ri / Ro. Gl 3 Ans: 3 4a. 4 60. 420 62 8 © 3.0V 3.0V c. In a meter-bridge, two unknown resistances R and S when connected in the two gaps give a null point at 40 cm from one end. What is the ration of R and S. mW Ans: 2:3 a. In the meter-bridge experiment, the balance point was obtained at D with AD = 40 cm from end A of the meter-bridge wire. Scanned with CamScanner36 | G9$ Practice Book - XI WW inte ged. W The values of R; and Rz were doubled and then interchang would be the new balancing length? Ans: 60 cm b. Ifa resistance of 10 Q is connected in series with Ri, null point is obtained at 60 cm from the end A. Calculate the values of R; and B) R2 Ans:Ri=8Q & R:=1202 3. a. Why do we prefer potentiometer with longer wire? (1) b. Draw a circuit diagram of potentiometer to compare the emfs of two cells. Give the formula used. [2] c. The emf of a battery A is balanced by a length of 75 cm on a potentiometer wire. The emf of a standard cell, 1.02 V, is balanced by a length of 50 cm. What is the emf of A? [2] 4. a. A simple potentiometer circuit is shown in figure. Scanned with CamScannerPhysics | _37 ca i, State giving reason, how the balance point X is shifted when Ris increased? uy) Why the value of Eo should be greater than E? ou) The driver cell (E.) of the potentiometer has an emf of 2V and negligible internal resistance. The potentiometer wire AB has aresistance of 3 Q. Calculate the resistance R needed in series with the wire if a potential difference of 5.0 my is required across the whole wire. [Ans: 1197] [3] Long Questions , 1. a. State Kirchhof’s laws for electrical network. 2] b. Using Kirchhoff's laws, obtain the balanced condition of Wheatstone bridge. By) c. Show that no current flows in the given circuit. BI 2v 5 F WW 2v 7 f WW Scanned with CamScanner38_|_GSS Practice Book - XI 2. a What is the principle of potentiometer? Expl ‘ i 9 measure the internal resistance of cell by using ae tion in a potentiometer experiment. Al ¢. A simple potentiometer is set up as in figure, using 4 cd we ‘AB I m long which has a resistance of 2.0 9. If the variable resistance R were given a value of 2.4 9, What would be the length 3] Ans: 0.825 m b. Write two possible causes for one sided deflect Of AC for zero galvanometer deflection? ys {i} Z Scanned with CamScannerss Thermoelectric Effect Short Questions 1, a, Whatis thermoelectric effect? Does the thermoelectric effect obey the principle of conservation of energy? Explain. 2) b, Discuss the variation of thermoelectric emf ina thermocouple with the increase in temperature of hot junction. GB) 2. a. What is temperature of inversion? On what factors does it depend? 2] b. Is Seebeck effect reversible effect? Explain, [2] c. The temperature of cold junction of a thermocouple is 10°C and the neutral temperature is 270°C. What is the temperature of inversion? 0) Ans: 530°C 3, a. _ Peltier effect is the converse of Seebeck effect. Explain. 2) 1 b, _Inacertain thermocouple, the thermo emf is given by E = 20 +> 80? where 0 is the temperature of hot junction, & = 10 mV(*C)"! and = -0.05 pV(°C)?. If the cold junction temperature is 0°C, find the neutral temperature BI Ans: 200°C. Scanned with CamScanner40. | GSS Practice Book - XI Magnetic Effect of Current Short Questions — 1. a. Figure shows a section of horizontal copper wire carrying a Cue, of 0.38 A. A horizontal uniform magnetic field of flux density g i applied at right angle to the wire in the direction shown in figure -H——— 98mm ————_—_ | 0.38A ' B 1. State the direction of magnetic force, () ii, The wire contains 8.4 x 10° free electrons per cubic meter, The section of wire is 95 mm long and its cross-sectional area is 5.1 x 10 m2. Show that there are about 4 x 10”? free electrons in this section of wire, [2] iil,” With current of 0.38 A, the average velocity of an electron in the wire is 5.5 « 10 ms"! and the average magnetic force on one electron is 1.4 x 105 N, Calculate the flux density B of the magnetic field, R] 2. a. State two situations in which a charged Particle will experience no magnetic force when placed in a magnetic field, 2) b. A charged particle moves in a circular Path when travelling Perpendicular to the uniform magnetic field, By considering the force acting on the charged particle, show thal the radius of the path is proportional to the momentum of the particle, 2 & State the nature of path of a charged particle in a magnetic fred when it moves i, in the direction of magnetic field. ~, ji, making an angle 30° withthe direction of magnetic field. [1] & | Scanned with CamScannerPhys 4 "ying square coil placed in a uniform a current can magnetic field. — — Axis of rotation The length of each side ofthe coil is 0.615 m. The plane of the coil is parallel to the magnetic field. The magnetic field is at right angle to the section AB of the coil and has magnetic flux density 0.060 T. The current in the coil is 0.030 A. i, Use fleming's left hand rule to determine the direction of the force on the section AB, io] ii, The force experienced by the length AB. (2) iii, The torque experienced by the coil when the coil is in the position shown in figure, (2] 4, a, Can a charged particle move in a magnetic field without experiencing any force? Explain. 2] b, The diagram shows a rectangular bar of aluminum which has a current of 5.0A through it. The bar is placed in a magnetic field so that its weight is supported by the magnetic force. Calculate the minimum value of flux density needed for this to occur. Density of aluminum = 2.7 x 107 kg m?. B) Rae omm [+-——> 500, Om | 5. ‘The schematic diagram of a moving coil galvanometer is shown in figure Scanned with CamScanneri, On what principle does it depend? ty ii. Why do we make radial magnetic field? tl i, Under what condition does the pointer shows fixed reading? 0) ii. How can the current sensitivity of moving coil galvanometer be increased? 2 What is hall effect? 1) Hall voltages are much larger for semiconductors than for good Conductors for comparable currents, field and dimensions, Why? 2) A slab of indium antimonide is 2.5 mm thick and carries a current of 150 mA. A magnetic field of flux density 0.5 T, correctly applied, produces a maximum hall voltage of 8.75 my between the cdges ofthe slab, Calculate the number of free charge carriens per unit volume of the slab, 2] Ans: 2.14 x 1022 m3 Derive an expression for the magnitude of magnetic flux density at the centre of a current carrying circular coil, By A and B are two concentric circular conductors of centre © and carrying currents i; and iz as shown in figure. The ratio of radii is Scanned with CamScanneriLOBAL sc 1OOL — aaa a ae eens a 143 1:2 and ratio of the flux densities at O duc to A and B is 1:3. Find the value of it / ip. 2] 1 ed 8 I; A iy f 8. a. Derive an expression for the magnetic field produced by a current carrying circular coil at any point on the axis of the coil. B) b. In the figure, O is the centre and P is any point on the axis of a current carrying circular coil of radius 0.60 m. If magnetic field at P is 8 times less than that at O, find the distance OP. 2) Ans: 1.04 m I \ ‘Axis of coil P 9. a, State Ampere's circulator law. ii] b. Use Ampere's circuital law to find magnetic field due to a current carrying solenoid. B] ©. A current carrying solenoid tends to contract, Why? (1) Long Questions '. a. State and explain Biot and Savart law. (2) b. Use Biot and Savart law to find the magnetic field due to a long B] Straight current carrying conductor. Scanned with CamScanner44 | ©, 2 a 155 Practice Book - XI ; 2 form of a In the figure O is the centre of coil in the ree cm, Ia current of 5 A flows through the coil. ind the magnetic By ck 107 mm) field at O. (jt = Ane 107 rem Ans: 3.54 * 1057 > 5A © if ° Derive an expression for the force per unit length between two infinity long parallel straight wires carrying current in the same direction, (3) Define one Ampere in terms of the force between current carrying Parallel conductors, 2] Consider thre long straight, parallel wires as shown in figure. Find the force experienced by 25 cm length of wire C. (3) Ans: 3 x 104 N towards right 30A, 10A 20A 3em Sem Scanned with CamScannerPhysics | 45 Short Questions Loa b ©. 2 a b. 3. a Define angle of dip. How does it vary from the equator to the pole? (2] The horizontal component of earth's magnetic field at a place is 3 times its vertical component, Find the value of angle of dip at that place. What is the ratio of horizontal component to the total magnetic field of the earth at that place? (Ans: = 2, H:Be= 3 : 2] (2] Write the expression that gives relation between true dip and apparent dip. i) Draw magnetic field lines when a (i) diamagnetic (ii) Paramagnetic substance is placed in the external field. 2] The needle of a dip circle shows an apparent dip of 45° in a particular position and 53° when the circle is rotated through 90°. Find the true dip. B] The following figure shows the ! variation of intensity of magnetization (I) versus the applied! H magnetic field intensity (H) for two _ magnetic materials A and B. i. Identify the material A and B. 0) ii, Draw the variation of susceptibility (zm) with temperature of B. O) Scanned with CamScanner46 | GSS Practice Book - XI 46 | GSSPractice Book- AD b. 83 GLOBA) SEN HOG Out of two magnetic materials, A has relative permeability Sligka, greater than unity while B has less than unity. Kdentify the nature of the materials A and B. Will their susceptibilities be positive = negative? {2} What does the negative susceptibility signify? if Define magnetic susceptibility and magnetic permeability. QQ] Name two elements one having negative susceptibility and other having positive susceptibility. 0) Derive relation between magnetic susceptibility and relative permeability, [2] What is domain theory of Ferromagnetism? 2] Why does a magnet loss its magnetism when heated to high temperature? 2] What is Curie temperature? 0) Distinguish between diamagnetic and Ferromagnetic materials in terms of (i) susceptibility (i) Their behaviour in a non-uniform magnetic field (ii) permeability, LB) A magnetic needle free to rotate in a vertical plane parallel to the magnetic meridian has its north tip down at 60° with the horizontal, The horizontal component ofthe earth's magnetic field at the place is known to be OT. Determine the magnitude of the earth's magnetic field. [Be = 0.8 T] 2 ‘Long Questions SS SS 7. Figure shows the hysteresis loops of steel and soft iron. a i, What is meant by hysteresis loss? 0 ii, What are retentivity and coercivity of a ferromagnetic material. ; Scanned with CamScannerLOBAL sCHOOL ics | 47 b. i. Whatis the significance of area of hysteresis loop? () ii, Which material is better for making the permanent magnetic and why? (21 c. Why is the core of transformer made of soft iron? 2) ‘Scanned with CamScanner(Gaya: Electromagnetic Induction \ ; SCh 48 | G55Dractice Book -X! 3 2200) Short Questions State Faraday's laws of electromagnetic induction. Q b. Accoil is connected to a centre zero ammeter as shown in figure, 4 student drops a magnet so that it falls vertically and Completely through the coil. i. Describe what the student would observe on the ammeter a5 the magnet falls through the coil. fl] IN} Ammeter ii, If the coil were not present the magnet would accelerate downwards at the acceleration due to gravity. State and explain how its acceleration in the student's experiment would be affected. i, as it inters the coil. ii, as it left the coil. (2] 2. a. State Lenz law. tn , Lenz law follows the principle of conservation of energy. Explain F i (2) c. _ A square root of conducting wire is placed near Loop a straight wire carrying current I. The wire is made to more with constant velocity V towards | the wire, Explain why emfis induced in the coil. ' R) 3. a. Define magnetic flux. Scanned with CamScannerORAL GUOO! s¢ gular coil is pla ngular coil is placed in between two pe manent magnets with its plane perpendicular to the direct ‘ction of ma agnctic field. ‘gt 1o emf'is induced in the coil a aN il at rest. When the coil is pulled out, emf is induced in it. Why? an : : (2) ji, When itis pulled out, a considerable force is required, andthe force required increases with speed. Explain, (2) A circular coil of diameter 140 Vente mm has 850 turns. It is placed so Uniform that its plane is perpendicular to ma a horizontal magnetic field of uniform flux density 45 mT as shown in figure. a. Calculate the magnetic flux i passing through the coil when in this position. ia) b. The coil is rotated through 90° about a vertical axis in a time of 120 ms. Calculate. i. _ the change in magnetic flux linkage produced by the rotation. (2) ii, the average emf induced in the coil when itis rotated. [2] ‘A metal air craft with a wing span of 42 m flies horizontally with a speed of 1000 km hr in a direction due west in a region where the vertical component of the flux density of the earth's magnetic field is 4.5 x 10 T. a. Calculate the flux cut per second by the wings of the air craft. [2] b. Determine the magnitude of the potential difference between the wing tips. (2) Scanned with CamScanner6. ntial difference, if What would be the change in the po Any. ir, air craft flux due west. i Describe two causes of the energy losses in a transformer a discuss how these losses may be reduced by suitable design i choice of materials. ty Figure shows a block diagram of a transformer. The primary «i has 1000 turns and secondary coil 25 turns. A lamp is connected jy the output of the secondary coil. The potential difference across thy tam p is 6 v 1000 tums and the lamp dissipates 15 kl. The transfer has the efficiency of 100%. Soft iron core 15W lamp 1000 turns 25 ums i. Calculate the current in the secondary. 2] ii, The altemating voltage supply is replaced by a battery. Explain why the p.d. across the lamp is zero some time after the battery is connected, Ol) Derive an expression for the energy stored is an inductor, By) Figure shows a current carrying square coil placed in a uniform magnetic field. The length of each side of the coil is 0.615 m, The plane of the coil is parallel to the magnetic field. The magnetic field is at right angles to the section AB of the coil and has magnetic flux density 0.06 T. The current in the coil is 0.03 A. With the coil in the position shown in figure. Calculate: i. The force experienced by the length AB. ii, The torque experienced by the coil. 0] 1 Scanned with CamScannerPhysics | 51 = Rotationa ax of ca Long Questions 1. Figure below shows an end view of a simple electric generator. A rectangular coil is rotated in a uniform magnetic field with the axle at right angles to the field direction. When in the TT triform magnetic, field Cail position shown in figure, the angle between the direction of the magnetic field and the normal to the plane of coil is 0. The coil has 50 turns and an area of 1.9 x 103 m?. The flux density of the magnetic field is 2.8 x 10? T. Calculate the flux linkage for the coil when @ is 35°. i) b. The coil is rotated at constant speed causing an emf to be induced. Sketch a graph on the outline axes to show how the induced emf varies with angle 0 during one complete rotation of the coil starting With 0 = 0°. Values are not required on the emf axis of the coil. (2} Induced emt 90° 180° 270° 360° c. i. Give the value of flux linkage for the coil at the positions where the emf has its greatest values. 0) ii, Explain why the magnitude of the emf is greatest at the values of 6 shown in your graph, 2] Scanned with CamScanner3: GLOBAL SC 52] GSS Practice Book = XL ea Figure shows a simple transformer. A alternating voltage su ai “The primary coil is connected to an alternating Vo ape pply, nduced in the secondary coil? [2) emf is i Explain, how a Soft iron core ii, State how you could change the transformer to increase the emf induced in the secondary coil. 0) b. A transformer with 4200 tums in the primary coil is connected to a 230 V mains supply. The emf across the output is 12V. Assume the transformer is 100% efficient. i. Calculate the number of turns in the secondary coil. (1) ii, The transformer output terminals are connected to a lamp using leads that have a total resistance of 0.35Q. The p.d. across the lamp is 11.8 V. Calculate. iii, The current in the lead connected to the lamp. [2] iv. The power dissipated in the lead. 22] ‘Scanned with CamScannerPhysics | uae Alternating Current ee ae Short Questions 1. a, Define rms value of an ac. mM b, _ State the relation of rms value of an ac with its peak value. [1] c. Alternating voltage in an ac cireuit is represented by v = 1002 sin (100 xt). Find its rms value and the frequency. B) Anac source is connected to a capacitor as shown in fig. j. State the relation of phase between the current and voltage. 1} i E ii, Draw phasor diagram and wave diagram. 2 iii, What will be the current if ac source is replaced by a dc. source? ] iv. Explain why there is phase different between the current and voltage? (1) 3, a. Amaltemating emf is applied across an inductor. Show that the current in it lags the applied emf by 90°. B) b. How does inductive reactance vary with frequency of ac source? 0) c. What is the reactance of 3H inductor at frequency 80 Hz? [Ans: 1508 Q) a) 4, a. In the figure, a resistor of resistance R is connected in series with an inductor of inductance L. An ac source of emf E and frequency fis connected across the combination. Scanned with CamScannertice Book - NE 1 bran powcuem Ef ii, Find impedance of the circuit and find phase difference between the current and emf, by 5. A coil of inductance 2H and of resistance 502 is connected in series With a resistor of 950Q and a 220v, 50 Hz ac supply. Find the 2] current flowing in the circuit and the voltage across the coil. You have a resistor R a capacitor C and a variable frequency ac source, 1 Connect all three elements together to form a series circuit, 0) Draw phasor diagram and detive expression of impedance of the circuit 2) b. It volt across ¢ is equal to that across R and supply voltage is 40v, calculate : i, the voltage across R im ii, phase angle between applied voltage and current (1) © a. i, Whats electrical resonance? u) i. Ina radio receiver cireuit, how electrical resonance takes place? 2 bi, The maximum capacitance of a variable eapacitor is 33 pp What should be the selfinductance to be connected to this capacitor forthe natural frequency ofthe de cireuit 9 be 810 Scanned with CamScannerGLOBAL Phy ond ponding to A.M, broadcast band of radio N KHz ~ pal? [Ans: 1.17 « 10 SH) [2] 7. a i State the condition for electrical resonance. Ol) ii, Find the expression for resonant fi equency, i) b. A circuit consists of an inductor of 200 HH and resistance of 100 in series with a variable ca supply calculate i. pacitor and a 0.10 V (rms), 1.0 MHz the capacitance to give resonance, ii, the quality factor of the circuit at Fesonance. B] 8 a. i, Define the term wattless current, 0) ii, prove that ideal capacitor in an ac circuit does not dissipate power. (1) b. The instantaneous current and voltage of an ac circuit are given by 1= (10 sin 300 t) A and V = (200 sin 300 t) V. What is the power dissipation in the circuit. [Ans: 1000 W] 3] 9. a. ‘What are the advantages of ac over de? u) ii, Why isa choice (O)! preferable to resistor in an ac? [I] b. AC mains of 200 volts and 50 Hz is joined to a circuit containing an inductance of 100 mH and resistance of 20 Q in series calculate the power consumed. BI Long Questions 1. a i. Whatis impedance? ia] ii, Find the impedance of LCR circuit in series. G3) iii, Fig. shows a series LCR circuit connected to a variable frequency 230 V source. L=5.0H,C=80pF,R=409 Scanned with CamScannerPractice Book - XI F b. i, Determine the source frequency which Sr aaa resonance, " l 4 ii, Obtain the impedance of the circuit and the amplitude of Current at the resonating frequency. a R L iii. Determine the rms potential drop across the inductor and resistor. uy) (Ans: (i) (ii) z= 40 Q, lo = 8.13 A (iii) Vx = 1437.5 V Vr = 230 V] Scanned with CamScannerLOBAL SHOOL See. Electron Short Questions 1. _ Study the following diagram and answer the following questions a, What is the direction of electron beam after emerging out from the late? B a) e-¥ d Wow 7 , bent yey an —- o—_ b. What happens to the path of electron beam if it moves by making an angle of 0° with electric field? i ¢. What happens if this electron is passed perpendicularly ina uniform magnetic field? uy d. — Ifan electron is released (from rest) in the uniform electric field of magnitude 1.5x10°N/C, then what is its acceleration? [Ans: m=9.1 x 10"Kg} 2] Ina Millikan type apparatus the horizontal plates are 1.Sem apart, With the electric field switched off the clock oil drop is observed to fall with the steady velocity 25 x 10? cm/s. When the field is switched on the upper plate being positive, the drop just remains stationary when the p.d. between the plates is 1500V. a, — Write the condition at which the clock oil remains stationary. [1] b. Calculate the radius of the drop and number of electronic charges. [Density of oil=900kg/m’, viscosity of air=1.8x10* kg/ms, neglect density of air] : 8) Scanned with CamScannerWhy clock oil is more preferable? 19 An clectron of mass _m=9.1x10%'kg and charge es bv) . accelerated through a p.d. of V=100 volts in cross field with E= 'm, a. What is the direction of electron? uy b. Write the expression for velocity of clectron in this cross field. [1] © Calculate the magnitude of uniform magnetic field. 8) os eee An electron of mass 9.1 « 10° mney e® *'Kg and charge 1.6 x 10-%C Qe oe is moving in a uniform Fp s magnetic field of 2 x 103 T perpendicularly as shown in ‘ figure. v a, What is the path of electron and why? [2] b. What happens if the electron is passed by making 180° to this magnetic field? oy ¢. Find the speed of electron and period of revolution if radius of path of electron is 20cm. 2] Scanned with CamScannerPhysics | 39 Short Questions Study the following diagram and answer the following questions. Varabte Supply What happens to the number of emitted photoelectrons if intensity of light increases? iia} What happens to the frequency of emitted photoelectrons if intensity of light increases? rea What happens to the kinetic energy of emitted photoelectrons if wavelength of incident photon increases? U1) What happens to the photoelectric current if the negative potential of collector plate gradually increases and why? 2] Which metals are supposed to be more suitable for photoelectric effect, why? 2] Radiations of wavelength 5400A fall on a metal whose work function is 1.9 eV. Find the energy of the photoelectrons emitted and their stopping potential. (h=6.62x10™ Js, c=3x108 ms*) [3] Scanned with CamScanner60_|_GSS Practice Book - XI cations. and answer the following 4 arrears of stopping a Observe the graph 3. a. b. Write the Einstein photoelectric equation © potential using graph. What happens to stopping stopping potential if frequency of Potential Vs incident photons __ increases gradually? Why? O) What will be the change in stopping potential for photoelectrons emitted from a > source if the wavelength of light is reduced from 400nm to a (h=6.62%10" Js, e=3x10% ms?,) ‘Slope—he Frequency Human skin is relatively insensitive to visible light but UV- radiation can cause severe burn, why? [2] A photon of green light has a wavelength of 520nm. Find the photon frequency, magnitude of momentum, and energy. Express. energy both in Joule and electronvolt. (h=6.62* 104 Js, c=3x108 ms?.) [3] ‘Scanned with CamScannerGLOBAL SCHOOL tI Semi ctor D emiconductor Devices he a 1, Answer the following questions a, What do you mean by ‘hole’ in semiconductor’ 2 Does it ex metal? Explain, iat [2] b. Does holes play role in the electrical conduction of semiconductor? Explain. it] c. Why does holes are Supposed to carry positive charge in semiconductor? (y d. Draw a figure showing that the motion of electrons and holes are in opposite directions in the semiconductor. a 2, Study the given graph (fig. 4 ) and answer the questions. (5) a. The characteristics of which type of biasing of PN junction diode is shown in the figure? * Vy Ve__volt b. Draw a circuit showing such type of Is biasing of PN junction diode. ee What does Va indicate in the graph? d. Why there is very small current (represented by OP in the graph) flowing through the diode upto Vp? What is called for this current? e. Why current rises abruptly through the diode beyond Vs? 3. Inthe figure: 5, a center tapped full wave rectifier is shown. Answer the following questions based on the figure. (5] a. What do you mean by the term “rectification”? Name the circuit diagram of given figure. b. What happens if a single diod given circuit? le is used instead of the two in the Scanned with CamScannerGlog 683 (CORAL ASESCHOO, 62. | GSS Practice Book - XI emcee 62_| C8SPractice Book-XI___ How this circuit changes ac into de? Explain shortly. Draw the diagrams for input and output waveforms of Voltage, d. oo c. Draw the nature of the input and output signal if one of the digg, is removed. opi AC q | Voltage 3/e—— si Source . 4. Answer the following questions (5] a. What do you mean by logie gates? b. Draw the symbol of OR and NAND gate. ©. Make a truth table for AND and NOT gate, 4. Draw a circuit using NAND gates which serve as OR gate. © Draw a circuit using NOR gates that serves as AND gate. Long Questions |. Study the following energy band diagrams in fig. 1 (a, b and c) of different materials and answer the following questions, a With proper reason, identify conductor, semiconductor and insulator. 2) b. Distinguish between n-type and p-type semiconductors, 2 ©. What becomes the figure (b) if the forbidden gap is reducing to zero? Oy 4. What happens to the conductivity of figure (b) with the rise in temperature? Compare its conductivity with figure (a). 2) ¢. Which one is semiconductor among the given three figures? Why this one behaves like an insulator at absolute zero temperature? [1] Scanned with CamScanner2. a ‘Conduction Band 15 €pbiddden Band Conduction Band Gi ev Fortin Band Valance Band Valance Band @ A ) If] Contecton Bana HVTHeP Valance Band Study the given diagram (fig. 2) and answer the questions. What do you mean by biasing of a PN junction diode? 2 Which kind of biasing of PN junction diode is shown in the figure? b. 1) Describe the mechanism of current flow in this type of biasing of PN junction diode? 2] Draw a nature of graph showing the relation between current and voltage across the PN junction diode in this biasing mode. [3] yw Study the given graph (characteristics of diode) and answer the questions. a, [8] The characteristics of which he type of biasing of PN junction diode is shown in the figure? Gia) Draw a circuit showing such in type of biasing of PN junction oo Wook Wr diode. Scanned with CamScanner64. | GSS Practice Book - XI 4. 5. c. What happens when the terminals of the PN junction diode jg tk circuit drawn in (b) are reversed? Draw the figure for the characteristics of diode in such a case. There is almost zero current in the region OA of the graph and aig point A, the current increases sharply. Explain the region behing i ‘What does Vy indicate in the graph? Write the values of Vi. for the diodes made up of Si and of Ge. Is there any relation between V;.and the barrier potential? What do you mean by depletion region and potential barrier jn junction diode? What happens to the width of depletion layer of a PN junction when itis i, forward biased? ii, reverse biased? Answer the following questions, a. Suppose a piece of very pure germanium is to be used as a light detector by observing through the absorption of photons, the increase in conductivity resulting from generation of electron-hole pairs. If each pair requires 0.67 eV of energy, what is the maximum wavelength that can be detected? [Ans: 1.85pm] (2) In what portion of the electromagnetic spectrum does the wavelength (calculated in ‘a’) lie? {Ans: Infrared) [2] What are the answers to questions (a) and (b) if the material is silicon having forbidden band of size 1.14 eV? (Ans: 1.0800, Infrared} [2] The maximum wavelength of light that a certain silicon photocell can detect is 1.11 jum, What is the energy gap (in Joule and electron volts) between the valence and conduction bands for this photocell? Ans: 1.792X103, 1.12eV) [2] Answer the following questions. 4 f | Scanned with CamScannerGLOBAL 3? SCHOOL a, NAND and NOR gates are cal logic circuit and truth table, Physics | 65 led universal gates. Explain with the 2] f input to a NOT gic gate obtained and b) write down its ; 2] {Wo circuits as shown in Fig, 14.44, Show that OR gate while the circuit (b) acts as AND gate. 2] A m Ay P ee (a) (b) If the output of a 2-input NAND gate is fed as the gate, a) name the new lo, truth table, c. You are given the circuit (a) acts as 4. Write the truth table for the circuits given below consisting of NOR gates only. Identify the logic operations performed by the two circuits. 2) a— D> LP (a) (b) 6. The following circuit (fig. 6) represents OR gate made using two PN junction diodes D; and D2. A and B are inputs and C is the output. The output is high if the LED glows and low if itis extinguished. Study the circuit and answer the Dy following questions. a. Explain how the output is low when both B Y the inputs are low. 2] De pps b. When A is high and B is low, show that = the output C is high. (2) ©. Show that the output is high when A is low but Bishigh. [2] Show that the output is high when both the inputs are high. [2] Scanned with CamScanner66 | GSS Practice Book - XI Quantization of Energy Short Questions 7 1 a. b. State Bohr’s postulates of hydrogen atom. Q The energy of electron in n'* orbit of H-atom is given by the ___met formula, E,= Bent i. What is the physical significance of negative sign indicate here? O) ii, What happens to the energy if value of ‘n’ increases gradually? Why? f) iii, The spacing between the different consecutive energy levels from bottom to top either increases or decreases or remains equal. Justify. ( The accelerating voltage of proton is increased to twice. How will its de Broglie wavelength change? 2] Calculate the de Broglie wavelength of an electron which has been accelerated through a p.d. of 200V. (m=9.1 * 10kg, h=6.6 «10- *4Is) B) An electron is in 3" excited state. How many different photon wavelength are possible? Explain with diagram, 2) The first member of Balmer series of H-atom has wavelength of 6563A. Calculate the wavelength ofits second member. [3] Scanned with CamScannerFocus on the diagram and answer the following questions, a, How can you control the intensity of X- rays? ra b. Write the ae properties of metal target. a c. Ifthis X-ray tube is operated at a de p.d. of SOKV produces heat at the target at the rate of 600W. Assuming only 0.4% of energy of incident electrons is converted into X-radiations. Calculate the tube current and velocity of incident electrons. (m=9.1x107kg, c= 1.6x 10°C) [3] ‘Scanned with CamScannerRadioactivity Short Questions 1, The radioactive isotope of Iodine "1 has a half life of 8.04 days Calculate, i, the decay constant of 211 1] ‘The number of atoms of "!] necessary to produce a sample with an activity of 5.0 7 10* disintegrations s-!, uj the time taken, in hours, for the activity of the same sample of 9!) to fall from 5.4 10° disintegrations s“! to 5.0 x 10* disintegration st (2) iv. Mention any two differences between electron and a-particles. [1] ii, 3. The isotope of uranium, 9, decays into a stable isotope of lead, Pb by means of a series of «and fs decays. a. In this series of decays, « decay occurs 8 times and B-decay occurs n times. Calculate n, [2] b. i, Explain what is meant by the binding energy of a nucleus. [1] ii, The graph below shows the binding energy per nucleon for some stable nuclides. 2] 4 9 B.E. per 12 nucleon 8{-——O* _, 4 ow (Mev) 7+—. 078" (7.6 Mev) t Het 7 oMev) = VERA oO Mass no. Scanned with CamScanner;LOBAL SEHOOL Estimate the bind ing energ, Seneray, in MeV, ofthe sie! nucleus 4 Uranium ~ 235 nucleus absorbs neutron and then splits 4 ylei. A possible nlear reaction is given by Men splis into two 235 4 yn Rb” + axe WU’ on reas Rb” + GX + Ina 4 energy a, State the constituent particles of the uranium ~235 nucleus. 1 b, Complete the table below for this reaction, - in Particles. Value a b c d c. Suggest a possible form of energy released in this reaction. [1] 4. Explain, using the law of mass-energy conservation, how energy is released in this reaction. 2] 5. a. State what is meant by 2] i. a-particle ii, B-particle iii, y-particle b. Describe the changes to the proton number and the nucleon number ofa nucleus when emission occurs of i, an a-particle 0) ii, a Bparticle ib iii, radiation 0 6. A polonium nucleus aa Po is radioactive and decays with the emission of an a-particle. The nuclear reaction for this decay is given by Scanned with CamScannerch 70_|_GSS Practice Book - XI ~ 2 1 GSS Practice Book-XI 210, Ww iY, 34 Po —> xQt 7o State the values of W, X, Y and Z. ii, i nserved in the reaction, ii, Explain why mass seems not to be co! 2 i i ontaneous, b. The reaction is spontaneous. Explain the meaning of sp. us, Qy 0] ee aa 2. i Whyis the phenomenon of natural radio activity generally found in elements of high atomic number? a) ii. Explain what is meant by each of the following: & Isotopes b. radioactive half-life ©. radioactive decay-constant [3] iii, a. What do you mean by curie? a) boA sample of Ra” has half life of 620 years. What is the mass of the sample that undergoes 20,000 disintegrations per Second? (Avogadro's number = 6.02 x 102 /mole), (Ans: m= (8.83 x 10%) [3] Scanned with CamScanner