Tnh ton s knh truyn cc i trong h thng WDM c EDFA mc chui di tc ng ca hiu ng FWM v nhiu ASE tch ly

Calculating the Maximum Number of Channels in WDM System Using EDFA Cascade under the Impact of FWM Effect and ASE Accumulation
Nguyn Vn Tun, Nguyn Tn Hng
Abstract:.In WDM system using EDFA cascade, as the number of channels increase and the WDM channels could be transmitted over a distance of thousands km, they cause the increase in four-wave mixing effect which is the most serious fiber nonlinearity. Besides that, the system is influenced by the accumulation of amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) and gain peaking effect. These lead to decrease system performance and limit the number of channels. The maximum number of channels transmitted correspondent to the acceptable optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) in WDM system with EDFAs cascade under the impact of FWM effect and ASE accumulation is calculated in this paper.

I. GII THIU Trong h thng ghp knh quang phn chia theo bc sng WDM (Wavelength Division Multiplex) c cc EDFA mc chui, khi s knh tng ln v cc knh ny c truyn qua mt khong cch ln hng ngn km th hiu ng trn bn bc sng FWM (Four-Wave Mixing) - hiu ng phi tuyn si nghim trng nht - s tng ln, cng vi nhng tc ng do chui cc EDFA gy ra nh nhiu pht x t pht tch ly (ASE) v hiu ng lm hp ph khuch i s lm suy gim cht lng h thng. V th, vic xc nh s knh cc i l rt cn thit bit c kh nng

tng dung lng nhm khai thc hiu qu h thng v ang s dng. Bi bo tin hnh xy dng thut ton tnh s knh quang cc i trong h thng thng tin si quang ghp knh theo bc sng mt cao DWDM (Dense-WDM) vi khong cch truyn dn cc ln (hng ngn km), tc bit cao c cc EDFA mc theo dng chui, tho mn t s tn hiu trn nhiu quang OSNR cho trc ti u vo my thu quang. Sau , ng dng tnh ton s knh quang cc i cho mt tuyn thng tin si quang WDM thc t, l tuyn cp quang bin t Tuas (Singapore) n Shantou (Trung Quc), thuc Segment 2 ca h thng cp quang ngm SEA-ME-WE 3 - mt trong nhng h thng cp quang bin ln nht th gii m Vit Nam tham gia (trm cp b x Ha Hi - Nng). II. CC THNH PHN NHIU V OSNR Trong cc h thng WDM hin nay, ni m cng sut quang mi knh nh hn 20mW v tc bit mi knh nh hn 10Gbit/s th cc hiu ng phi tuyn si nh SRS (Stimulated Brillouin Scattering), SPM (Self Phase Modulation) v XPM (Cross Phase Modulation) nh hn nhiu so vi hiu ng trn bn bc sng FWM v c th b qua [6]. Lc , nhiu trn bn bc sng FWM v nhiu pht x t pht ASE c xem nh l thnh phn chnh lm suy gim dung

lng v c ly truyn dn ca h thng. 1. Nhiu trn bn bc sng FWM H thng WDM tiu biu c cc EDFA mc chui gm M phn on v (M-1) b khuch i ng truyn EDFA c biu din nh hnh 1. trong mi phn on c chiu di L(m) (m = 1..M). Vic b tn sc c thc hin bng cch chn cc on si b tn sc c chiu di thch hp ln trn ng truyn. C hai loi si quang c dng truyn tn hiu l si truyn - chim hu ht chiu di tuyn - v si b tn sc. Vic b tn sc cho ton tuyn c th c thc hin theo hai cch: trn tng phn on hoc trn mt vi phn on. Cch th nht, mi phn on chiu di L(m) c hai on si quang I v II c c trng bi tham s tn sc D1,2 v chiu di L
( m) 1, 2

FWM Pijk ti tn s fi j k = fi + fj - fk c biu din bi biu thc sau [6]: 1024 6 M 2 Pi Pj Pk exp ( 2 A ( m ) ) Pijk = 4 2 2 (d ) 2 n0 c Aeff m =1

(
M

m 1
l =1

m =1

l =m

M 1

i ( G ) 1 exp[( i+ )L ] +
(l ) F 1 1 (m) 1

m 1 Gi(l ) G (jl ) G k(l ) exp 2 A (l ) + i ( l ) l =1

(1)

exp ( 1 + i 1 )L

( m) 1

1 exp ( 2 + i 2 )L(2m ) 2 i 2

Trong :
( Pijk = Pijkm ) :cng sut nhiu FWM ti fijk ; m =1 M

, sao cho:

( ( L1m ) + L(2m ) = L( m ) v D1L1m) + D2 L(2m) 0

Cch th hai, tn sc c b c chu k sau I phn on sao cho

(D L
k =1

(k ) 1 1

+ D2 L(2k ) ) 0 .

Hiu ng FWM c hnh thnh do s tng tc ca 2 hoc 3 sng quang c bc sng (tn s) khc nhau v to ra mt thnh phn tn s mi fi j k = fi + fj - fk (trong fi, fj, fk l tn s cc sng quang, k i, j). Nh c cho trong hnh 1, cng sut nhiu FWM ti u cui ng truyn bng tng cc cng sut nhiu Pi j k(m) c to ra trong cc phn on m, truyn tuyn tnh qua phn si quang cn li v cng c khuch i bi cc b EDFA. V th cng sut nhiu
Gi(1) Gj (1) Gk(1) Gi(2) Gj (2) Gk(2)

n0: chit sut ca si; : bc sng [m]; c: vn tc nh sng [m/s]; d: h s suy gim (d = 3 nu i = j k, d = 6 nu i j k) : nhy cm phi tuyn bc ba (third-order nonlinear susceptibility) [m3/W.s]; Pl (l=i,j,k) : cng sut vo ca cc knh [W]; Aeff: din tch hiu dng ca li si, gn ng bng din tch tht s ca li si [m2];
( 1,2: h s suy hao si L1m) v L(2m) trong mi on

[1/m]; A(m) =
1 (1L1(m) + 2L2(m)): suy hao trong phn on 2

Pi Pj Pk

L(1)

L(2)

GF(1) Pij k(1) Pij k(2)

GF(2)

m; Gl(m) (l = i, j, k, F): khuch i ca b khuch i th m ti tn s fl ; Gi(M-1) Gi(M-2) (M-2) (M-1) Gj Gj 1,2: s khng phi Gk(M-1) Gk(M-2) hp pha (phase L(M-1) L(M) mismatch) ca cc sng (M-1) (M-2) fi, fj, fk tng ng vi si GF GF
L1
( m)

v L(m) [rad/m], 2

Pij k(M-2) Pij k(M1)

1,2 c tnh nh sau:

Pij k(M)

Hnh 1. Cu hnh h thng a knh c cc EDFA mc chui dng phn tch nhiu FWM

1, 2 = ( f i f k )( f j f k )

22 k c

(2)

2 dD1, 2 (k ) k D1, 2 (k ) ( f i f k ) ( f j f k ) 2c d trong D1,2 l h s tn sc si v dD1,2/d l bin

ng truyn cng c khuch i ti cc EDFA tip theo nh tn hiu. Tuy nhin c mi ln c khuch i nhiu ny li c tch ly thm mt thnh phn ASE mi do b khuch i ti sinh ra. Do , ti pha thu s c s tch ly ln ca nhiu ASE. Biu thc tnh cng sut nhiu ASE tch ly PASE ( f m ) ti fm cho tuyn c chui cc EDFA (hnh 1) c cho trong [2] :

( thin tn sc theo bc sng tng ng ca si L1m)

( m) L2

ti bc sng = k.

(m) = 1 L1(m) + 2 L2(m) : s khng phi hp pha

tch lu (accumulated phase mismatch) trong phn on m [rad]; Cng sut ca nhiu FWM trn ph thuc ch yu vo cng sut tng knh, s khng phi hp v pha 1,2 ca cc thnh phn sng trn (fi, fj v fk), chiu di h thng v s b khuch i EDFA trn ng truyn. Ngoi ra, khi h thng c nhiu knh th ti mt knh fm no s c rt nhiu sng FWM c hnh thnh t cc t hp sng khc nhau ca cc knh trong h thng. V vy cng sut nhiu FWM tng PFWM ( f m ) ti fm l [5]:

PASE ( f m ) = exp 2 A ( M ) M 1 PASEi ( f m i =1 Trong :

M 2 j =i

) ) (exp ( 2 A

(5)
( j +1)

) G

( j +1) m

A (i ) , (i=1..M) c cho nh trong (1);

Gm(i): khuch i ca b khuch i th i ti tn

s fm ;
3. T s tn hiu trn nhiu quang OSNR Nhiu trn bn bc sng FWM v nhiu ASE tch ly l hai thnh phn chnh nh hng n cht lng ca cc h thng a knh khong cch di. Inoue.K v cc ng nghip trong cc cng trnh nghin cu ca mnh [4] kt lun rng cc sng FWM c to ra ti cng mt tn s c th c coi nh nhiu Gaussian vi cng sut nhiu bng tng cc cng sut hp thnh. Do , OSNR ti tn s fm c cho bi biu thc sau [6]:

PFWM ( f m ) =

fk = fi + fj fm f j

Pijk
fi

(3)

2. Nhiu pht x t pht ASE Trong cc EDFA, ngoi cc photon c bc x cng bc cn c cc photon c bc x t pht khng cng pha vi tn hiu vo, gy ra nhiu pht x t pht ASE. Cng sut nhiu ASE PASEi ( f m ) ti tn s fm ng ra ca mt EDFA th i c biu din theo biu thc [2]:

OSNR ( f m ) =
Trong :

Psig ( f m ) PFWM ( f m ) + PASE ( f m )

(6)

PASEi ( f m ) =

(i m t n SPi hf m (G m )

Psig ( f m ) , PFWM ( f m ) v PASE ( f m ) ln lt l

cng sut tn hiu, cng sut nhiu FWM tng (biu thc (3)) v cng sut nhiu ASE tch ly (biu thc (5)) ti u thu quang knh fm. Psig(fm) c tnh theo cng sut vo Pin nh sau:

1) B 0i

(4)

Trong : mt: s mode lan truyn trong qu trnh phn cc; nSPi:h s bc x t pht ti b khuch i th i;

hf m : nng lng photon ti fm;

(i Gm ) : khuch i ca EDFA th i ti fm;

M M 1 ( Psig ( f m ) = exp ( 2 A ( i ) ) G mi ) Pin i =1 i =1

(7)

Boi : bng thng quang ca b lc quang th i; Khi cc EDFA mc chui th nhiu ASE xut hin ti ng ra ca cc EDFA sau khi b suy gim trn

Cng sut vo ca cc knh c gi thit bng nhau v bng Pin .

III. THUT TON TM S KNH TRUYN CC I Trong h thng WDM c s dng cc EDFA mc chui, ba yu t nh hng n dung lng ca h thng l: bng thng ca si quang, ngun laser pht v rng ph ca cc EDFA. Cc h thng quang hin nay thng s dng si quang lm vic trong vng ca s bc sng th 3 (bng C), l vng bc sng suy hao thp v c bng tn rt rng t 1530,3 n 1567,1 nm [3]. Ngoi ra, cc ngun laser pht
Bt u
Nhp: - Cc thng s si quang - Cu hnh tuyn - OSNR yu cu: OSNRref - Bng thng tuyn: , 1 - S knh khi ng: K = 1 - Cng sut tn hiu vo Pin= P0

c s dng ph bin trong cc h thng WDM mt cao l loi laser DBR (Distributed Bragg Reflector) vi cu trc siu cch t SSG (Super Structure Grating) [1], y l loi laser c di iu chnh bc sng c m rng n 100 nm m khng lm thay i cng sut pht. Do , trong ba yu t nu trn ch c EDFA l lm gii hn dung lng ca h thng. c bit khi h thng s dng chui cc EDFA, hiu ng lm hp ph khuch i lm bng thng ca ton h thng b gii hn phn ln. Khi bng thng h thng b gii hn gi tr nht nh, s knh WDM tng ln s ng ngha vi mt knh dy c. iu ny cng lm tng cng sut nhiu FWM, dn n cng lm suy gim OSNR ca cc knh. Trn c s cc biu thc (3), (5), (6) trn, chng ti tin hnh lp lu thut ton tm s knh cc i cho tuyn WDM c EDFA mc chui, c biu din nh hnh 2.

- Tnh OSNR ca knh th 1:

OSNR ( 1, K , Pin ) = P FWM P ( 1) sig ( 1, K , Pin ) + P ASE ( 1)

Gi s knh 1 l knh c OSNR nh nht: - OSNRmin = OSNR(1, K, Pin) - min = 1 ; i = 1 i = i +1

u tin nhp cc thng s ca si quang, cu hnh tuyn (bao gm chiu di cc si truyn L1(m), cc si b tn sc L2(m) trong tng phn on v khuch i ca tng EDFA), bng thng tuyn v t s tn
K = K +1

- Tnh cng sut vo ti u: Pmax

i>K
S

Pmax =

PASE ( min ) 3 2 PFWM ( min , K , Pin ) / Pin

i = 1 + (i-1)
- Tnh OSNR ca knh th i:
OSNR(i, K , Pin) =

K 1

- Tnh OSNR ca knh th min vi Pin = Pmax:

OSNR min, K, P ) = ( max

Psig (min) PFWM (min, K, P ) + PASE (min) max

P ( i ) sig P (i, K , Pin) + P (i ) FWM ASE

OSNR(min, K, Pmax)>OSNRref
S

OSNR(i, K, Pin)<OSNRmin

- S knh truyn cc i: K-1 - Cng sut truyn ti u: Kt thc

-OSNRmin=OSNR(i, K, Pin) - min = i

Hnh 2. Lu thut ton tnh s knh truyn cc i cho tuyn WDM cc EDFA mc chui

hiu trn nhiu quang yu cu OSNRref m cc knh phi tho mn (chi tit v cc tham s c trong bng 1). t s knh khi ng ban u cho h thng K bng 1. Trong qu trnh tnh ton, cc knh truyn c t mt cch u n vi khong cch gia cc knh bng
K 1

IV. KT QU M PHNG V THO LUN Tip theo, chng ti ng dng lu thut ton c xy dng hnh 2 tin hnh m phng tnh s knh truyn cc i cho tuyn cp quang bin t Tuas n Shantou thuc Segment 2 ca mng cp ngm SMW3. Tuyn ny c tng chiu di bng 7100 km, s dng 63 b khuch i EDFA. Hin ti trn h thng SMW3 c 8 knh quang ( t 1554nm n 1561nm), khong cch gia cc knh l 1nm vi tc bit mi knh 2,5Gbit/s. Trm cp bin quc t Nng (Dngcs) ca Vit Nam l mt trm cp b ca tuyn quang ny nm trong Segment 2 ca h thng SMW3, ang s dng bc sng 3 v 6. Cc thng s ca cc loi si quang, cu hnh tuyn
( bao gm chiu di cc loi si DSF ( L1m ) ), NDSF

trong phm vi gii hn ca bng

thng h thng . Tng ng vi s knh l K v cng sut tn hiu vo Pin = P0 c nh sn cho cc knh, tnh t s tn hiu trn nhiu quang ca tt c cc knh bng cch tnh cng sut cc nhiu FWM, ASE tch lu v cng sut tn hiu ti u thu quang tng knh (theo (6)). Sau so snh OSNR ca cc knh tm ra knh (knh min) c t s OSNR nh nht (OSNRmin) dng cho vic so snh vi OSNRref. Tuy nhin ti knh min ny vi Pin=P0, OSNRmin cha t c gi tr ln nht c th v OSNRmin thay i theo Pin nh biu thc sau (suy ra t (6)):
M 1 ( m ) M exp 2 A( m) Gmin Pin m =1 m =1 OSNR (min , K , Pin ) = (8) 3 aPin + PASE (min )

( L (2m ) ) trong tng phn on v cc thng s ca cc b khuch i EDFA cng vi cc thng s tnh ton khc c ly trc tip t tuyn cp quang bin t Tuas n Shantou (chi tit c trong [7] v cc thng s chnh c cho trong bng 1). Trong tnh ton, cu hnh mng cp ngm di bin vi chu k b tn sc v v tr cc EDFA ca n c gi nguyn. Vi vic chn c chu k cc b cn bng th ng PEU (Passive Equalizer Unit) trn ng truyn nhm gim hiu ng lm hp ph khuch i v cu hnh thc t tuyn th rng ph ca h thng l 20nm t bc sng 1544 nm. khuch i ca cc EDFA c iu chnh sao cho b chnh xc vo suy hao si ca phn on trc , ngha l:

Trong a chnh l nhiu FWM ti knh min khi Pin = 1W, a c tnh nh sau:

a=

PFWM ( min , K , Pin ) 3 Pin

(9)

V vy bng vic xem OSNRmin nh l hm hu t bc ba theo Pin (cng thc (8)), chng ti tm c Pmax c gi l cng sut ng vo ti u m ti OSNR ca knh min t gi tr ln nht nh sau:

exp 2 A ( m ) G ( m ) = 1

[(

)]

(11)

Pmax =

PASE ( min ) 3 2 PFWM ( min , K , Pin ) / Pin

(10)

trong A(m) v G(m) c cho nh trong biu thc (1), gi s khuch i G (m) ca cc EDFA l bng nhau i vi cc knh khc nhau. ng vi cu hnh cc b thu quang hin c trn h thng SMW3, t s tn hiu trn nhiu quang OSNR yu cu ti u vo cc my thu quang l 20dB. Bng ngn ng lp trnh Mathcad2002 v s dng lu thut ton a ra (hnh 2) v cc thng s tnh ton cho trong bng 1, s knh truyn cc i c tm ra

Tm li vi K knh ta tm ra c OSNR ln nht OSNR(min, K, Pmax) ti knh c OSNR nh nht trong K knh truyn. So snh gi tr ny vi OSNRref, nu OSNR(min, K, Pmax) ln hn th tng K ln 1 n v. Vic tnh ton kt thc khi vi K no OSNR(min, K, Pmax) < OSNRref.

FWM noise (dBm), Total Noise (dBm)

l 56 knh (khong cch gia cc knh l 0,36 nm), trong khi h thng hin hnh ch c 8 knh ( = 1 nm). Lc ny dung lng ca tuyn ln n 562,5Gbit/s (140Gbit/s) gp 7 ln so vi dung lng hin nay ca h thng. Ngoi ra, cng sut ng vo ti u tnh c l 0,67mW. Hnh 3 biu din cng sut nhiu FWM v nhiu tng ti tt c cc knh ca h thng vi s knh va tnh c (56 knh v Pin = 0,67mW). Hnh 4 biu din t s OSNR ca cc knh ti u vo cc b thu quang ca tuyn c 56 knh trong hai trng hp khc nhau ca cng sut ng vo, Pin bng 0,67mW v 1mW.
Bng 1. Cu hnh tuyn cp quang bin ngm t Tuas n Shantou [7] v cc tham s tnh ton.

nht trong 56 knh truyn, hay t s tn hiu trn nhiu OSNR ti 27 (knh min) cng b nht (hnh 4). Trong hnh 4, c s thay i OSNR cc knh khi cng sut ng vo Pin thay i. Mc d vi Pin = 1mW ti phn ln cc knh, OSNR ln hn trng hp Pin = 0,76mW (cng sut ng vo ti u Pmax), tuy nhin ti bc sng 27 ca n li cho OSNR bng 19,4dB nh hn OSNR yu cu (20dB).
25 28.13 31.25 34.38 37.5 40.63 43.75 46.88 50 1540 1545 1550 1555 Wavelength (nm) 1560 1565

Tham s Chit sut si n0 D1 (DSF) D2 (NDSF) dD/d Suy hao si, 1 = 2 = Din tch li si, Aeff

Gi tr 1.5 -2 ps/nm.km 19 ps/nm.km 0,07 ps/nm2.km 0,2 dB/km

FWM Noise Total Noise

5,010-7 cm2 nhy cm phi tuyn bc 3 , 4.10-15 m3/W.s Chiu di tuyn (*) 7100 km S phn on M 64 S b EDFA R3 63 b khuch i ca cc EDFA G(m) c tnh sao cho b suy hao si phn on trc H s pht x t pht nSP 1.58 Bng thng b lc quang B0 0,1 nm S mode lan truyn mt 2 Tc bit, Rb 2,5 Gb/s OSNRref yu cu 20 dB 20 nm Bng thng tuyn, Bc sng u tin, 1
(*)

Hnh 3. Cng sut nhiu trn bn bc sng v nhiu tng ti tt c cc knh ca tuyn quang t Tuas n Shantou vi 56 knh truyn, Pin = 0,67mW
) B d ( o i t a R e s i o N o t l a n g i S l a c i t p O

24 23 22 21 20 19 1540

1545

1544 nm

: Chiu di cc si truyn DSF v si b NDSF trong tng phn on c cho y trong [7]

Pin = 0.67 mW Pin = 1 mW

1550 1555 Wavelength nm) (

1560

1565

T hnh 3 ta thy, ti cc knh khc nhau th cng sut nhiu FWM khc nhau, do nhiu tng cng khc nhau cc knh. Ti knh th 27 c bc sng 27 = 1553,36 nm, PFWM v nhiu tng (Total Noise) c gi tr ln nht. V th knh ny c cht lng km

Hnh 4. T s tn hiu trn nhiu quang ti u vo cc b thu quang cc knh ng vi Pin=0,67 mW v Pin=1 mW ca tuyn t Tuas n Shantou vi 56 knh truyn.

Trong khi ng vi cng sut ng vo ti u Pin= Pmax= 0,76mW li t c OSNR ln hn 20dB ti tt c cc knh, vi OSNR(27) bng 20,16dB. T y ta

c th thy, vic tm cng sut vo ti u Pmax l rt quan trng trong bi ton tm s knh truyn cc i v n quyt nh n ln ca OSNR ti tt c cc knh truyn ca h thng.
) 30 B d ( o 27.5 i t a R e 25 s i o N o 22.5 t l a n g 20 i S l a c 17.5 i t p O 15

20

30 40 50 60 Total Number of Channels

70

xung th s knh truyn cc i trn h thng tng ln. Thm vo , cng sut pht ti u t c OSNR nh trong hnh 5 cng gim xung khi s knh tng (hnh 6). iu ny c l gii l do khi s knh truyn tng ln, cng sut nhiu trn bn bc sng ln, dn n cng sut nhiu tng tng, OSNR gim. Lc ny nu cng sut pht tng cng lm cho OSNR gim v nhiu FWM t l theo hm bc 3 ca cng sut vo. Do , t c OSNR ln nht th cng sut pht ti u phi gim khi s knh tng nh hnh 6. Ngoi ra hai hnh 5 v 6 chnh l c s xc nh s knh truyn cc i v cng sut pht hp l cho tuyn cp quang bin t Tuas n Shantou ca h thng SMW3. V. KT LUN Vi vic a ra lu thut ton tm s knh cc i v thc hin m phng trn tuyn WDM t Tuas n Shantou, thuc Segment 2 ca mng cp quang bin SMW3, bi bo a ra phng php xc nh s bc sng cc i cho cc tuyn quang WDM c cc EDFA mc dng chui tho mn OSNR yu cu cho trc, to c s m rng dung lng cho h thng. Bi bo cng tnh c s knh truyn cc i cho tuyn cp quang bin t Tuas (Singapore) n Shantou (Trung Quc) l 56 knh (khong cch gia cc knh l 0.36 nm) vi OSNR yu cu hin hnh trn h thng l 20dB. Kt qu ca bi bo cng nu bt c nh hng ca hiu ng trn bn bc sng FWM v nhiu ASE tch ly n h thng v c bit l lm suy gim t s tn hiu trn nhiu quang, gii hn s knh truyn ca h thng. Ngoi ra, tm quan trng ca vic ti u cng sut vo v cch tm gi tr ny c OSNR ln nht cng c tnh n. TI LIU THAM KHO
[1] M. C. AMANN, Wavethength tunable laser diodes and their applications, University of Kassel, 1995. [2] P. C. BECKER, N. A. OLSSON, Erbiumdoped fiber amplifiers, Fundamentals and Technology, Academic Press, 1999.

Hnh 5. T s tn hiu trn nhiu quang ti u ti knh c cht lng thp nht theo s knh truyn
) W m ( l e n n a h C r e p r e w o P l a m i t p O
4 3.5 3 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 20 30 40 50 60 Total Number of Channels 70

Hnh 6. Cng sut ng vo ti u theo s knh truyn (trong trng hp cc knh c pht cng mc cng sut)

Vi thut ton a ra (hnh 2), mt cch tng t chng ti tip tc tnh s knh truyn cc i cho tuyn cp quang t Tuas n Shantou khi t s tn hiu trn nhiu quang yu cu thay i. Hnh 5 v hnh 6 ln lt biu din OSNR ln nht ti knh c cht lng km nht theo tng s knh truyn ca h thng v cng sut pht ti u Pmax cn thit t c cc gi tr OSNR trn. T hnh 5, ta thy khi tng s knh truyn trn h thng tng ln th t s tn hiu trn nhiu quang ln nht ti knh c cht lng km nht gim. Hay ni cch khc nu OSNR yu cu gim

[3] G. FARRELL, Optical communications systems, Dense WDM and optical amplification, Dublin Institute of Technology, 2002. [4] I. P. KAMINOW, T. L. KOCH, Optical fiber telecommunication IIIA, Academic Press, 1997 [5] M. W. MAEDA, W. B. SESSA, W. I. WAY, A. YIYAN, L. CURTIS, R. SPICER, R. I. LAMING, The effect of four-wave mixing in fibers on optical frequency division multiplexed systems, Journal of Lightwave Technology, Vol. 8, No. 9, September 1990. [6] W. ZEILER, F. D. PASQUALE, P. BAYEL, J.MIDWINTER, FELLOW., Modeling of four-wave mixing and gain peaking in amplified WDM optical communication systems and networks, Journal of

Lightwave Technology, Vol. 14, No. 9, September 1996. [7] OALW 16, General presentation of the overall SMW-3 system, Book 10 Section 3, Alcatel, 1997.

Ngy nhn bi: 14/1/2004

S LC TC GI NGUYN VN TUN Sinh nm 1963 ti Nng Tt nghip H Bch Khoa Nng, chuyn ngnh in K thut, nm 1985, Tt nghip H Bch Khoa TP. HCM, chuyn ngnh in T nm 1992. Nhn bng thc s nm 1997 v bo v Lun n Tin s nm 2003 ti trng i Hc Bch Khoa H Ni, chuyn ngnh in t-Vin thng. Hin l Ging vin chnh Khoa Cng ngh Thng tin - in t Vin Thng, Trng H Bch Khoa, H Nng. Hng nghin cu chnh: H thng Thng tin Si quang v cc ng dng. Email: nvantuan2000@yahoo.com NGUYN TN HNG Sinh nm 1980 ti Nng Tt nghip H Bch Khoa Nng, chuyn ngnh in t Vin thng, nm 2003. Hin l Ging vin Khoa Cng ngh Thng tin - in t Vin Thng, Trng H Bch Khoa, H Nng. Hng nghin cu chnh: H thng Thng tin Si quang v cc ng dng. Email: tanhungdn@yahoo.com