NEU - PROBABILITY & STAITSTICS – TUTORIAL PAPER

TUTORIAL 3

EXCEL PRACTICE: Using File “PelicanStores” (in Excel Files: Chapter 2)

Using Pivot Table to build descriptive statistic tables

Value Field settings → Summarize value by → Average; StdDev

Row Labels Average of Net Sales Row Labels StdDev of Net Sales
20-29 77.12 20-29 36.54
30-39 78.24 30-39 58.29
40-49 69.76 40-49 49.88
50-59 102.95 50-59 74.12
60-69 58.79 60-69 35.71
70-79 70.24 70-79 61.96
Grand Total 77.60 Grand Total 55.66

Cross-table

Average of Net Sales Column Labels

Row Labels Female Male Grand Total
20-29 80.19 49.50 77.12
30-39 81.73 46.80 78.24
40-49 71.46 43.35 69.76
50-59 102.95 102.95
60-69 48.79 118.80 58.79
70-79 70.24 70.24
Grand Total 79.19 56.49 77.60

Using Descriptive Statistics

Data → Data Analysis → Descriptive Statistics

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Age

Mean 43.08
Standard Error 1.2389
Median 42
Mode 46
Standard Deviation 12.3890
Sample Variance 153.4885
Kurtosis 0.0664
Skewness 0.5250
Range 58
Minimum 20
→ Descriptive Statistics for Age Maximum 78
Sum 4308
Count 100

PRACTICE SPSS

Analyze → Descriptive Stat. → Frequencies →

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Analyze → Reports → Case Summaries →

QUESTIONS

1. Describe which measure of central tendency—mean, median, or mode—was probably used

in each situation.
a) One-half of the factory workers make more than $5.37 per hour and one-half make less
than $5.37 per hour.
b) The average number of children per family in the Plaza Heights Complex is 1.8.
c) Most people prefer red convertibles over any other color.
d) The average person cuts the lawn once a week.
e) The most common fear today is fear of speaking in public.
f) The average age of college professors is 42.3 years.

2. The average price of the Panther convertible is $40,000, with a standard deviation of $4000.
The average price of the Suburban station wagon is $20,000, with a standard deviation of
$2000. Compare the variability of the two prices.

Std Dev Mean C.V.

Conv. $ 4,000 $ 40,000 0.10
SW $ 2,000 $ 20,000 0.10

MULTIPLE-CHOICE

3. Which of the following statistics is not a measure of central tendency?

A. Arithmetic mean.
B. Median.
C. Mode.
D. Q3.

4. Which measure of central tendency can be used for both numerical and categorical
variables?
A. Arithmetic mean.
B. Median.
C. Mode.
D. Geometric mean.

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5. In a right-skewed distribution
A. the median equals the arithmetic mean.
B. the median is less than the arithmetic mean.
C. the median is larger than the arithmetic mean.
D. none of the above.

6. Which of the following statements about the median is not true?

A. It is more affected by extreme values than the arithmetic mean.
B. It is a measure of central tendency.
C. It is equal to Q2.
D. It is equal to the mode in bell-shaped "normal" distributions

7. In general, which of the following descriptive summary measures cannot be easily

approximated from a boxplot?
A. The variance.
B. The range.
C. The interquartile range.
D. The median.

8. The smaller the spread of scores around the arithmetic mean,

A. the smaller the interquartile range.
B. the smaller the standard deviation.
C. the smaller the coefficient of variation.
D. All the above.

9. In left-skewed distributions, which of the following is the correct statement?

A. The distance from Q1 to Q2 is smaller than the distance from Q2 to Q3.
B. The distance from the smallest observation to Q1 is larger than the distance from Q3
to the largest observation.
C. The distance from the smallest observation to Q2 is smaller than the distance from
Q2 to the largest observation.
D. The distance from Q1 to Q3 is twice the distance from the Q1 to Q2.

10. Which of the following is NOT sensitive to extreme values?

A. The range.
B. The standard deviation.
C. The interquartile range.
D. The coefficient of variation.

11. Which of the following is the easiest to compute?

A. The arithmetic mean.
B. The median.
C. The mode.
D. The geometric mean.

TRUE – FALSE

12. True or False: The median of the values 3.4, 4.7, 1.9, 7.6, and 6.5 is 1.9.
13. True or False: The median of the values 3.4, 4.7, 1.9, 7.6, and 6.5 is 4.05.

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14. True or False: In a set of numerical data, the value for Q3 can never be smaller than the
value for Q1.
15. True or False: In a set of numerical data, the value for Q2 is always halfway between Q1
and Q3.
16. True or False: In a boxplot, the box portion represents the data between the first and third
quartile values.
17. True or False: In a sample of size 40, the sample mean is 15. In this case, the sum of all
observations in the sample is  X i = 600.
18. True or False: The coefficient of variation is a measure of central tendency in the data.
19. True or False: If a set of data is perfectly symmetrical, the arithmetic mean must be identical
to the median.

PROBLEM
20. For the following sample, calculate all of descriptive statistics:
Price ($) 10 11 12 13 14
Number of items 7 8 25 12 8

a) Size 𝑛 =
b) Minimum 𝑚𝑖𝑛 =
c) Maximum 𝑚𝑎𝑥 =
d) Mode 𝑚0 =
e) Median 𝑚𝑒 =
f) Mean 𝑥̅ =
g) 1st Quartile 𝑄1 =
h) 2nd Quartile 𝑄2 =
i) 3rd Quartile 𝑄3 =
j) Interquartile Range 𝐼𝑄𝑅 =
k) Range 𝑊 =
l) Sum of Squares 𝑆𝑆 =
m) Variance 𝑠2 =
n) Standard Deviation 𝑠 =
o) Coefficient of Variation 𝐶𝑉 =
p) The standardized value

Price ($) 10 11 12 13 14
𝑍 − 𝑠𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑒

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