COMMUNICABLE DISEASE

Communicable Disease Contagious Disease IMMUNITY

Infection – Presence of pathogenic microorganism in the body. ➢ May resistance sa disease.

STAGES OF INFECTION 2 GENERAL TYPES

▪ INCUBATION PERIOD – entry until first s/sx. o Natural

- Species Specific
- “nandyan na ang mikrobyo”
▪ PRODROMAL PERIOD o Acquired
- Meron nang s/sx but Nonspecific. - Exposed to environment
- e.g., flu-like symptoms • ACTIVE – antibodies are produced by the
▪ ACUTE PERIOD individual himself.
- Pathognomonic sign - long term immunity
- Unique s/sx of the disease
“hallmark sign”
e.g., TETANUS → LOCK JAW,
RABIES → FEAR OF WATER,
MENINGITIS → BRUDGINSKI SIGN
→ KERNING’S SIGN • PASSIVE – antibodies are given to individual.
▪ CONVALESCENCE PERIOD
- s/sx could start to disappear -short term immunity
▪ RESOLUTION PERIOD NATURAL Passive
- Healthy
▪ Transplacental: IgG
POC (Period of Communicability) ▪ Breastfeeding: IgA

o Mild to moderate – 10 days after s/sx ARTIFICIAL Passive

o Severe – 20 days after s/sx
▪ Post exposure
-e.g., Nakatapak ng pako → tetanus.
-give within 72 hours after exposure.
ISOLATION QUARANTINE (if possible)
o Applicable to o Based on longest
patients with s/sx incubation period
o (+) Disease o Exposed to the
o Mild to moderate – disease.
10 days after s/sx
o Severe – 20 days
after s/sx

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TETANUS RABIES
➢ Other name: LOCK JAW

CAUSATIVE AGENT: Clostridium Tetani (bacteria) →Toxigenic DIAGNOSTIC TEST:

MODE OF TRANSMISSION: Wound o Observe the dog for 14 Days.

o Brain biopsy
SYMPTOMS: -Negri bodies
o Trismus o Fluorescent
-Affected: Trigeminal Nerve Rabies
o Opisthotonos – Arching of the back Antibody Confirmatory Test
- Best Position: Side lying Test
o Risus Sardonicus

MANAGEMENT:

o Penicillin (IV)
o DOC: Metronidazole

NURSING RESPONSIBILITY

o Avoid alcohol

PREVENTION

o Avoid of wounds
o Administer Tetanus Toxoid
o First Aid
→ nasa katawan pa lang yung Virus.
RABIES
MANAGEMENT
➢ Other name: LYSSA
o First Aid: wash the wound
CA: Rhabdo Virus → bullet shape virus o TT + TiG
MOT: o Rabies immunization
▪ Active immunity
o Animal bite - Verorab/Immurab
o Scratch (rare) - IM/ID
o Tissue transplant (rare)
- 5 doses
o Airborne-Droplet
- Day: 0,3, 7, 14, 28, 90
S/SX ▪ Passive immunity
Based on the patient’s
-HRIG (Human Rabies IG)
o Invasive stage – kaka-akyat lang ng virus sa utak. body weight.
-PRODRORAM STAGE:
-ERIG
▪ Fever
▪ Photophobia
▪ Headache
▪ Numbness (site) → pag nasa utak na yung Virus
o Excitement Stage
▪ Strict isolation
▪ Hydrophobia – fear of water
▪ Nonstimulating
▪ Aerophobia
▪ Maniacal behavior – nanghahabol ng tao environment
o Paralytic Stage - Generalize Paralysis ▪ Avoid any sense of
fluid stimulant
▪ Cover IVF

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 DENGUE, MALARIA, FILARIASIS
High fever
DENGUE
o Viral test
CA: Dengue Virus
- PCR Test
▪ TYPE 1,2,3,4 - CONFIRMATORY
o CBC
Mas delikado: 2nd time - Platelet: Low
- HCT: High
MOT: Mosquito Bite (Vector) → Aedes Aegypt
o Serological Test
*Delikado during Defervescent Stage - (+) Ab

S/Sx

▪ Pain
→ Headache
→Retroviral Pain (Eye)
→ Muscle, bone, joint
▪ Herman’s sign
▪ Petechiae

WARNING SIGNS!!

▪ Abdominal Pain/tenderness
▪ Liver enlargement
▪ Persistent vomiting
▪ Mucosal bleeding
▪ Lethargy/ restlessness MANAGEMENT
▪ Decrease platelet ▪ Antipyretics
▪ Increase HCT - Paracetamol
▪ Clinical Fluid Accumulation: - Fluid Replacement
o Pleural Effusion - DENGUE FEVER → ORESOL
o Ascites - (+) WARNING SIGN → CRYSTALLOID SOLUTION
▪ Decrease platelet • LR
▪ Increase HCT
• NSS
▪ Clinical Fluid Accumulation:
- SEVERE → CRYSTALLOID SOLUTION
o Pleural Effusion
• Albumin
o Ascites
• Starch
▪ No dark color food/drink
▪ ALTERNATIVE MGT:
DX: - Tawa-tawa
o Tourniquet Test/Rumpel Lead Test → for community - Vanilla Ice cream
- (+) 1 or 2.5 cm / 20 or more petechia - Durian
- (-) <20 - Dahoon ng papaya
- CONTRAINDICATION: - Quail’s Egg
▪ Dehydration
▪ Active bleeding

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