PENJUMLAHAN GAYA

TUJUAN PEMBELAJARAN:
• Mahasiswa dapat menentukan besar
dan arah resultan dari beberapa gaya
dengan metode analitis.
• Mahasiswa dapat menentukan besar
dan arah resultan dari beberapa gaya
dengan metode grafis.

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Review PRINSIP DASAR
Dalam Mekanika

1. Hukum PARALELOGRAM dalam

penjumlahan gaya
2. Prinsip TRANSMISIBILITAS
3. Hukum NEWTON 1
4. Hukum NEWTON 2
5. Hukum NEWTON 3
6. Hukum GRAFITASI NEWTON

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 Sistem Satuan
• Four fundamental physical quantities. Length, Time, Mass, Force.
• We will work with two unit systems in static’s: SI & US Customary.

Bagaimana konversi dari SI ke US atau sebaliknya ? 3

 GAYA

Apakah gaya itu ?

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Menyusun atau menjumlahkan gaya
dimaksudkan untuk menentukan resultante (R),
dengan kata lain dua buah gaya atau lebih
dapat digabung menjadi satu gaya pengganti
yang disebut resultante (R).

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 Dapat dilakukan dengan 2 cara

Cara lukisan Cara hitungan

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APPLICATION OF VECTOR
ADDITION

There are four

concurrent cable forces
acting on the bracket.
How do you determine
the resultant force acting
on the bracket ?

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 Addition of Vectors
• Trapezoid rule for vector addition

• Triangle rule for vector addition

• Law of cosines,
C
B R 2  P 2  Q 2  2 PQ cos B
  
C R  PQ

• Law of sines,
sin A sin B sin C
 
B Q R P

• Vector addition is commutative,

   
PQ  Q P

• Vector subtraction
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 Sample Problem

SOLUTION:
• Trigonometric solution - use the triangle
rule for vector addition in conjunction
with the law of cosines and law of sines
to find the resultant.
The two forces act on a bolt at A.
Determine their resultant.

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Sample Problem (Lanjutan)
• Trigonometric solution - Apply the triangle rule.
From the Law of Cosines,
R 2  P 2  Q 2  2 PQ cos B
 40 N 2  60 N 2  240 N 60 N  cos 155
R  97.73N
From the Law of Sines,
sin A sin B

Q R
Q
sin A  sin B
R
60 N
 sin 155
97.73N
A  15.04
  20  A
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  35.04
ADDITION OF SEVERAL VECTORS

• Step 1 is to resolve each force

into its components

• Step 2 is to add all the x

components together and add all
the y components together. These
two totals become the resultant
vector.
• Step 3 is to find the magnitude
and angle of the resultant vector.

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Example of this
process,

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You can also represent a 2-D vector with a
magnitude and angle.

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 EXAMPLE
Given: Three concurrent forces
acting on a bracket.
Find: The magnitude and
angle of the resultant
force.

Plan:
a) Resolve the forces in their x-y components.
b) Add the respective components to get the resultant vector.
c) Find magnitude and angle from the resultant components.

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 EXAMPLE (continued)

F1 = { 15 sin 40° i + 15 cos 40° j } kN

= { 9.642 i + 11.49 j } kN
F2 = { -(12/13)26 i + (5/13)26 j } kN
= { -24 i + 10 j } kN
F3 = { 36 cos 30° i – 36 sin 30° j } kN
= { 31.18 i – 18 j } kN
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 EXAMPLE (continued)

Summing up all the i and j components respectively, we get,

FR = { (9.642 – 24 + 31.18) i + (11.49 + 10 – 18) j } kN
= { 16.82 i + 3.49 j } kN

y
FR
FR = ((16.82)2 + (3.49)2)1/2 = 17.2 kN
 = tan-1(3.49/16.82) = 11.7°

x

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 Sample Problem

SOLUTION:
• Resolve each force into rectangular
components.

• Determine the components of the

resultant by adding the corresponding
force components.

• Calculate the magnitude and direction

Four forces act on bolt A as shown. of the resultant.
Determine the resultant of the force
on the bolt.

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Sample Problem (cont’)
SOLUTION:
• Resolve each force into rectangular components.
force mag x  comp y  comp

F1 150  129.9  75.0

F2 80  27.4  75.2

F3 110 0  110 .0

F4 100  96.6  25.9
Rx  199.1 R y  14.3
• Determine the components of the resultant by
adding the corresponding force components.
• Calculate the magnitude and direction.
R y 14.3 N
tan      4.1   4.1
Rx 199.1 N
14.3 N
R  199.6 N
sin 4.1

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 READING QUIZ

1. The subject of mechanics deals with what happens to a body

when ______ is / are applied to it.
A) magnetic field B) heat C) forces
D) neutrons E) lasers

2. ________________ still remains the basis of most of today’s

engineering sciences.
A) Newtonian Mechanics B) Relativistic Mechanics
C) Euclidean Mechanics C) Greek Mechanics

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 READING QUIZ
3. Which one of the following is a scalar quantity?
A) Force B) Position C) Mass D) Velocity

4. For vector addition you have to use ______ law.

A) Newton’s Second
B) the arithmetic
C) Pascal’s
D) the parallelogram

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 CONCEPT QUIZ

5. Can you resolve a 2-D vector along two directions, which

are not at 90° to each other?
A) Yes, but not uniquely.
B) No.
C) Yes, uniquely.

6. Can you resolve a 2-D vector along three directions (say

at 0, 60, and 120°)?
A) Yes, but not uniquely.
B) No.
C) Yes, uniquely.

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 ATTENTION QUIZ
7. Resolve F along x and y axes and write it in
vector form. F = { ___________ } N
y
A) 80 cos (30°) i - 80 sin (30°) j x
B) 80 sin (30°) i + 80 cos (30°) j
C) 80 sin (30°) i - 80 cos (30°) j 30°
F = 80 N
D) 80 cos (30°) i + 80 sin (30°) j
8. Determine the magnitude of the resultant (F1 + F2)
force in N when F1 = { 10 i + 20 j } N and F2 =
{ 20 i + 20 j } N .
A) 30 N B) 40 N C) 50 N
D) 60 N E) 70 N
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