Argumentative Essay

What is an argumentative essay?

The argumentative essay is a genre of writing that requires the student to investigate a topic; collect,
generate, and evaluate evidence; and establish a position on the topic in a concise manner.

Argumentative essay assignments generally call for extensive research of literature or previously
published material. Argumentative assignments may also require empirical research where the student
collects data through interviews, surveys, observations, or experiments. Detailed research allows the
student to learn about the topic and to understand different points of view regarding the topic so that
she/he may choose a position and support it with the evidence collected during research. Regardless of
the amount or type of research involved, argumentative essays must establish a clear thesis and follow
sound reasoning.

The structure of the argumentative essay is held together by the following.

 A clear, concise, and defined thesis statement that occurs in the first paragraph of the essay.

In the first paragraph of an argument essay, students should set the context by reviewing the topic in a
general way. Next the author should explain why the topic is important (exigence) or why readers
should care about the issue. Lastly, students should present the thesis statement. It is essential that this
thesis statement be appropriately narrowed to follow the guidelines set forth in the assignment. If the
student does not master this portion of the essay, it will be quite difficult to compose an effective or
persuasive essay.

 Clear and logical transitions between the introduction, body, and conclusion.

Transitions are the mortar that holds the foundation of the essay together. Without logical progression
of thought, the reader is unable to follow the essay’s argument, and the structure will collapse.
Transitions should wrap up the idea from the previous section and introduce the idea that is to follow
in the next section.

 Body paragraphs that include evidential support.

Each paragraph should be limited to the discussion of one general idea. This will allow for clarity and
direction throughout the essay. In addition, such conciseness creates an ease of readability for one’s
audience. It is important to note that each paragraph in the body of the essay must have some logical
connection to the thesis statement in the opening paragraph. Some paragraphs will directly support the
thesis statement with evidence collected during research. It is also important to explain how and why
the evidence supports the thesis (warrant).
However, argumentative essays should also consider and explain differing points of view regarding the
topic. Depending on the length of the assignment, students should dedicate one or two paragraphs of
an argumentative essay to discussing conflicting opinions on the topic. Rather than explaining how
these differing opinions are wrong outright, students should note how opinions that do not align with
their thesis might not be well informed or how they might be out of date.

 Evidential support (whether factual, logical, statistical, or anecdotal).

The argumentative essay requires well-researched, accurate, detailed, and current information to
support the thesis statement and consider other points of view. Some factual, logical, statistical, or
anecdotal evidence should support the thesis. However, students must consider multiple points of view
when collecting evidence. As noted in the paragraph above, a successful and well-rounded
argumentative essay will also discuss opinions not aligning with the thesis. It is unethical to exclude
evidence that may not support the thesis. It is not the student’s job to point out how other positions are
wrong outright, but rather to explain how other positions may not be well informed or up to date on
the topic.

 A conclusion that does not simply restate the thesis, but readdresses it in light of the evidence
provided.

It is at this point of the essay that students may begin to struggle. This is the portion of the essay that
will leave the most immediate impression on the mind of the reader. Therefore, it must be effective
and logical. Do not introduce any new information into the conclusion; rather, synthesize the
information presented in the body of the essay. Restate why the topic is important, review the main
points, and review your thesis. You may also want to include a short discussion of more research that
should be completed in light of your work.

A complete argument
Perhaps it is helpful to think of an essay in terms of a conversation or debate with a classmate. If I were
to discuss the cause of World War II and its current effect on those who lived through the tumultuous
time, there would be a beginning, middle, and end to the conversation. In fact, if I were to end the
argument in the middle of my second point, questions would arise concerning the current effects on
those who lived through the conflict. Therefore, the argumentative essay must be complete, and
logically so, leaving no doubt as to its intent or argument.
The five-paragraph essay
A common method for writing an argumentative essay is the five-paragraph approach. This is,
however, by no means the only formula for writing such essays. If it sounds straightforward, that is
because it is; in fact, the method consists of (a) an introductory paragraph (b) three evidentiary body
paragraphs that may include discussion of opposing views and (c) a conclusion.

Longer argumentative essays

Complex issues and detailed research call for complex and detailed essays. Argumentative essays
discussing a number of research sources or empirical research will most certainly be longer than five
paragraphs. Authors may have to discuss the context surrounding the topic, sources of information and
their credibility, as well as a number of different opinions on the issue before concluding the essay.
Many of these factors will be determined by the assignment.

What Makes a Successful Argumentative Essay?

Let’s start with definition argumentative essay. It is a specific type of essay that presents clear
arguments about both sides of an issue. You can follow one of the two different approaches: either
present both sides equally balanced or present one side more forcefully than the other. The choice
depends on the writer.

Some people may confuse argumentative and persuasive essays; you should keep in mind that they are
different types of academic papers. In persuasive writings, we use emotions and ethics to persuade
readers to accept our point of view on a certain issue; take an action or avoid doing something that can
be harmful to them, other people or environment, etc. In this way, we can talk even to a little child. In
argumentative writing, we appeal to logic. We try to influence people talking about reasons which
caused certain problems, future positive and negative effects, dangerous and beneficial consequences of
human activity, potential risks. We convince people to make informed decisions. We appeal to their
common sense.

To succeed in completing a convincing piece of writing, you need to investigate a topic using a lot of
credible sources; gather and evaluate evidence (statistics, relevant facts about science, proven
examples); and, finally, establish an informed position on the topic of your studies in a concise manner.
Wondering how you can organize your argument? Let’s discuss the format you should follow to
achieve your goals.
 How to Structure an Argumentative Essay

Typically, any argumentative essay has a linear structure. It means they present one idea at a time in
the order that follows a reader’s logic and makes the most sense to an audience. The structure of any
essay is unique in a way it represents the subject, the focus, and the claims the author makes.

Usually, you should follow this format that includes several parts.

 The introduction that begins with attention grabber, provides background information and introduces
the argumentative essay’s thesis
 The main body, presenting your major arguments
 The counter-argument that disproves previous arguments
 The conclusion that restates the thesis, reminds main points and gives some concluding remarks to
emphasize the significance of the problem

It’s important to provide appropriate evidence for both sides of the issue, argue your own position, and
then present your own conclusion. Why should you address the opposing side’s argument? When
doing this, you will be able to accomplish several important goals:

 show that the opinion you express is unbiased

 prove that you have a well-rounded understanding of the essay’s topic
 improve the level of your reader’s trust in your opinion
 strengthen your own argument

Writing an outline is like developing a plan: the more time you spend on it, the easier it will be to
build the house according to it. By developing an excellent plan, you eliminate numerous risks and
prevent possible errors. So, why not do it? We can think of only two reasons students do not create
outlines before writing the piece itself. First, they might not realize what a treasure it is. They can view
it as a daunting task, one of the many other assignments their teachers assign to them. In this case,
they simply have no idea what they are talking about. The other reasons why they do not write
outlines before writing the article itself is because they do not know where to start. They understand
all the benefits an outline can bring them. However, they do not know where to start working on it,
what components to include in it, and how detailed this plan should be. In this article, we will prove
that creating an outline is essential and show practical ways to write them in the shortest terms
possible. But first things first: let’s start with a definition.
 WHAT IS AN ARGUMENTATIVE ESSAY?

An argumentative essay is one of the many academic essay types. Its main point is in using strong
arguments to prove and support your opinion as well as refute the position of your opponents. While
this might sound quite easy for people good at confrontation, most of us dread the idea of arguing with
someone. That is why if you are not really good at this in real life, learning how to write such essays
can be your lucky ticket: it helps you develop essential skills to sound reasoning as well as find ways to
back up your opinion in the best way possible. As you probably guessed from the title, you have to be
persuasive when composing this piece of writing. Therefore, one has to choose proper words and
phrases. Help the readers see your confidence and believe you. And being persuasive is a way to do it.
Besides, remember that the key to a successful argumentative essay is in finding proper evidence to
support your opinion. That is why get ready to invest time and effort into in-depth research. The more
time you dig through information looking for pieces that fit you the most, the higher your chances are
to impress and convince the target audience. Now that we are on the same page about the definition
and basics of the development of an argumentative essay, let’s learn how to write an argumentative
essay outline.

HOW TO WRITE AN ARGUMENTATIVE ESSAY OUTLINE

The outline for this type of essay usually consists of four main points:

 An introductory paragraph introducing the reader to the problem.

 Main body paragraphs that provide arguments to support your opinion.
 Several sections used to show the weaknesses of the opposing claims.
 A conclusion that summarizes the main points and calls to take measures.

Only four points to remember. We are sure this will make your life easier, won’t it? Just save these
points and read on to see what each one of them should consist of to have the desired impact on the
target audience.

AN INTRODUCTION TO AN OUTLINE FOR AN ARGUMENTATIVE ESSAY

This is where readers start their journey with you. From the very first sentence, they get to understand
whether they want to continue reading your piece, or they want to drop the whole idea altogether. To
prevent them from leaving, we recommend you sticking to our plan. Use these three components to
make your writing interesting and consistent, and see how they can do wonder to the impact of your
piece.
1. Start with a hook. A hook, as you can understand from its title, is a piece of content that aims to grab
the audience’s attention. It should not be long. Just one sentence is enough. However, it has to be
catchy. Scholars state that several things can be used as hooks in your introduction: funny stories,
controversial statements, intriguing questions, or statistical data. You have to begin your essay with
either one of these things.
2. Develop your thoughts. Later, you need to develop your hook. Explain to your audience your choice of
the subject, why it is important, and how you talking about it can make a difference. This part should
not be longer than a couple of sentences.
3. Create a thesis statement. Finally, you have to state a loud and clear thesis statement which you will
support with solid arguments in the text. It should depict your position and explain why you find this
topic essential.

As long as you follow our advice, you will be able to write an excellent introduction. Now, let’s explain
how you can write main body paragraphs.Presenting the argument: Main body paragraphs Bear in
mind several schemes for your main body paragraphs:

1. You can separate paragraphs presenting your arguments supporting the thesis statement and sections
refuting the opponents’ claims. This way you will need to work both ways, backing up your position
with several pieces of evidence and showing the weakness of opponents’ beliefs.
2. Alternatively, you can go from the opposite and use one paragraph to refute one popular claim. Thus,
you can make a clear statement and bring your opponents on the heels in just a few sections.

The choice is all yours. We have no convictions that one way is better than the other. Just opt for what
you are most comfortable with.

A conclusion of an argumentative essay:

The main point of a conclusion is to remind the readers of the reasons why you chose to talk about a
topic in question, restate your arguments that support the position you stick to, and call them to action.
More often than not, readers remember only this part of your essay no matter how much thought and
effort you invested into your piece. So, it is better to make it outstanding and nothing short of perfect
so that the audience agrees with you in the long run. By now you are probably willing to see an
excellent argumentative essay outline template. And as we promised in the beginning, here it is. You
can save it to use when writing an argumentative essay outline the next time.
 AN ARGUMENTATIVE ESSAY OUTLINE TEMPLATE

1. Introduction: A hook: Start with a vivid picture, an intriguing question, statistical data, or an anecdote.
Mention your reasons to choose this topic. Why do you believe it is important? Who should care about
these issues and why? A thesis statement: Develop your previous sentences into a clear thesis statement
explaining the main points of your piece and showing your position on the issue.
2. Main body paragraphs. Argument #1: State the argument. Use quotes to support it. Mention three
different points to support the idea. Summarize the paragraph by restating the argument and its
evidence. Argument #2: State the argument. Use quotes to support it. Mention three different points to
support the idea. Summarize the paragraph by restating the argument and its evidence. Argument #1:
State the argument. Use quotes to support it. Mention three different points to support the idea.
Summarize the paragraph by restating the argument and its evidence.
3. Conclusion: Restate the thesis statement, recount the arguments you used to support your position and
show how you refuted opponents claims. In the end, ask your audience a question or paint a picture of
what could happen if nothing is changed concerning the issue you raised.

Save this template, as it is a perfect cheat sheet you can use every time working on your outline.
However, just knowing the theory is not enough to write an incredible article. So, let’s look at an
argumentative essay outline example that will show us how a student applied this theoretical
knowledge to action and what came out of it.

Argumentative Essay Structure

The structure of your paper's outline is the same as the structure of your entire essay. The difference is
that you include the entire information in the body text while you only name the arguments in your
outline. An English essay outline is worth your time as it figures as your plan during the whole writing
process.

There are four basic sections of any argumentative essay you should follow:

1. Introduction paragraph
2. Body with 2-3 strong arguments
3. Refusing opposing arguments in one paragraph
4. Conclusion

Of course, you must focus on supporting your thesis statement rather than the opponents. The
opposing point of view is included just to show the writer is objective with his judgments, and he
respects all existing arguments.
 Outline Section 1: Introduction

Every essay starts with an introduction, and an argumentative essay is not an exception.

1. Hook

First of all, think about a powerful, eye-catching hook to grab your reader's attention. Sure, it is
important to know who your target audience is first. Different people require different approaches.

Let's look at my own example. I used to write an argumentative essay on why there should be a second
official language in the United States in addition to English. I have chosen Spanish as my point of view.
Based on the primary research, my hook could be,

"As far as most of the immigrants in the United States speak Spanish due to the neighborhood with
Latin America, Spanish should be made the second official language in the United States."

2. Background information

Don't try to write too much in this part. Simply name a topic and give a hint on what you'll be talking
about in your argumentative text. Briefly explain why the topic is important and who cares about it.

An example might be,

"The research shows that immigrants from Latin America feel uncomfortable with studying in English
schools as they require more time to learn this language. Thus, it is important to work on the question
of the second national language."

3. Working on the thesis statement

This part contains the main argument. Don't pose any questions here - just state your main point of
view clearly and without any hesitations.

You may look at the additional information on how to write an eye-catching essay introduction with a
hook.

Outline Section 2: Working on Your Arguments

As you remember, every claim is supported by the corresponding evidence you found during the
research. If you have more information to share, you may include up to five body paragraphs.
1. Claim

It is a statement to support your argumentative essay's thesis. An example of an opening sentence in

body paragraph is:

"Making Spanish the second official language in the IS would positively impact the economic
relationships between Mexico and the United States."

Without a good evidence, no one is going to believe my words.

2. Evidence is based on credible facts and statistics the writer finds during the research process.

It has nothing to do with your personal knowledge or information based on your experience. Choose
sources carefully. The example is:

"12% increase in trade between the US and Mexico was a notice in 2014 when Arizona's local
government send people who spoke Spanish to take part in the deal."

Also, the reader will think your judgments are subjective until you add an opposing argument.

Outline Section 3: Looking for Opponent's Claims

You need to understand that different people have different points of view regarding the same topic, so
be patient. Check the arguments of the US citizens who do not support the idea of the second national
language. They may be helpful while working on the third section of your argumentative essay.

You may pose a question why they don't like the idea of any other language except for English. Make
it clear that they fear are connected with the unwillingness to study one more language or cooperate
with Mexican population. Remember that your personal ideas should be supported by the facts you
find during your research. For every argument against, you should present enough evidence to prove
you're right.

It all may sound difficult, but please keep in mind you have a right to buy papers online!
 Outline Section 4: Conclusion

1. Rewrite thesis statement

While arguing with various opinions, you have lost the focus. Remind the readers of your topic by
restating your thesis. Make it clear why your argument is a winning one. The best way to do so is to
present how the things would turn without your idea being implemented ASAP.

2. Write down about the importance of researched topic again. To make your statement persuasive
enough, use loud arguments like,

"Without meeting the needs of the Latin American population, the local government risks facing
another Col War like it was with USSR."

Examples of Argumentative Language

Below are examples of signposts that are used in argumentative essays. Signposts enable the reader to
follow our arguments easily.
When pointing out opposing arguments (Cons):
 Opponents of this idea claim/maintain that…
 Those who disagree/ are against these ideas may say/ assert that…
 Some people may disagree with this idea,
 Some people may say that…however…
When stating specifically why they think like that:
 They claim that…since…
Reaching the turning point:
 However,
 But
 On the other hand,
When refuting the opposing idea, we may use the following strategies:
 compromise but prove their argument is not powerful enough:
o They have a point in thinking like that.
o To a certain extent they are right.
 completely disagree:
o After seeing this evidence, there is no way we can agree with this idea.
 say that their argument is irrelevant to the topic:
o Their argument is irrelevant to the topic.
 Signposting sentences
What are signposting sentences?
Signposting sentences explain the logic of your argument. They tell the reader what you are going to
do at key points in your assignment. They are most useful when used in the following places:
 In the introduction
 At the beginning of a paragraph which develops a new idea
 At the beginning of a paragraph which expands on a previous idea
 At the beginning of a paragraph which offers a contrasting viewpoint
 At the end of a paragraph to sum up an idea
 In the conclusion
A table of signposting stems: These should be used as a guide and as a way to get you thinking about
how you present the thread of your argument. You may need to adapt certain words and phrases for
your own purposes. You may also wish to add your own sentence stems to the list below:

Signposting stems for an introduction

To understand the role of ... (your topic*) this essay aims to provide a discussion of ... (the ideas you
will develop)
This essay seeks to investigate/evaluate/illustrate/discuss the impact of ... (your topic) in relation to ...
(the ideas you will develop)
Firstly, this assignment examines ... (your topic) and its links with ... (your first idea) Next, it closely
examines ... in relation to ... (your next idea) Finally, it focuses on ... and how this affects ...(your next
idea)
Signposting stems for a paragraph which introduces or develops a new idea
One aspect which illustrates ... (your topic) can be identified as ... (the idea you want to develop)
The current debate about ... (your topic) identifies an interesting viewpoint on ...(the idea you want to
develop)
This first/next/ final section provides a general discussion of ...(the idea you want to develop)

Signposting stems for a paragraph which expands upon a previous idea

Building on from the idea that ... (mention previous idea), this section illustrates that ... (introduce
your new idea).
To further understand the role of ...(your topic or your previous idea) this section explores the idea
that ... (introduce your new idea)
Another line of thought on ... (your topic or your previous idea) demonstrates that ... (introduce your
new idea)

Signposting stems for a paragraph which offers a contrasting view

However, another angle on this debate suggests that ... (introduce your contrasting idea)
In contrast to evidence which presents the view that ... (mention your previous idea) an alternative
perspective illustrates that ... (introduce your contrasting idea)
However, not all research shows that ... (mention your previous idea). Some evidence agrees that ...
(introduce your contrasting idea)

Signposting stems to sum up an idea in a paragraph

This evidence highlights that ... (sum up your idea)
There is general agreement that ... (sum up your idea)
The strength of such an approach is that ...(sum up your idea)

Signposting stems for a conclusion

Clearly, this essay has shown that the main factors which impact upon ... (your topic) are ...(summarise
your main ideas)
The evidence presented in this assignment has shown that ... (mention the conclusions you have
drawn)
To conclude, this assignment has addressed a number of significant issues which show that ... (mention
the conclusions you have drawn)
 Argumentative Essay Outline (Sample)

Introduction
 Thesis statement/claim
 Main points (at least three)
Body Paragraph 1
 Present your first point and supporting evidence
Body Paragraph 2
 Present your second point and supporting evidence
Body paragraph 3
 Present your third point and supporting evidence
 Counterclaim/ refute opposing claim
Conclusion
 Restate your thesis

Quick Tips to Help You Succeed in Writing

Want to achieve a better result when writing? Follow these simple tips that will make your work
easier.

 Write a strong introductory paragraph and state a clear and concise thesis. Explain why the problem is
important.
 Include logical transitions after each part of your paper to connect the introduction, the body, and the
conclusion. Transitions help your reader focus on the topics. They will ensure your readers will be able
to follow your argument. In this way, you can keep their interest and encourage them to read further.
 Limit each paragraph to discussing one general idea. You must provide details, facts, examples and
explain why your evidence supports the thesis.
 Devote one or two paragraphs of your argumentative paper to the discussion of the conflicting
opinions. It will depend on the length of your essay.
 Provide well-researched and detailed evidence to support your thesis and explain other points of view.
 Write a strong conclusion. Your goal is to leave a deep impression on your public. Make your
conclusion effective and logical and don’t introduce new information that your reader may not know.
Review your main points and the thesis; remind your audience one more time why the issue is
important.
 Think about your essay as a conversation or debate. Imagine you are discussing the issue with a group
of your classmates or a friend and are trying to convince them that your opinion is true.
 Use 5-paragraph approach as a universal method for writing your paper. What about the longer essays
on argumentative topics? If the issue is complex, you will need to write a detailed college essay with a
complex structure and discuss plenty of different research sources you have found online and in the
library. You will certainly need more than 5 paragraphs.
 When you finish your final draft, check it for logic and proofread it to eliminate possible grammar,
punctuation, spelling mistakes, and typos. Read your argumentative essay aloud and ask your friends or
parents to help you. Make sure all your citations are formatted properly.

Argumentative Essay Example 1

As online learning becomes more common and more and more resources are converted to digital form,
some people have suggested that public libraries should be shut down and, in their place, everyone
should be given an iPad with an e-reader subscription.

Proponents of this idea state that it will save local cities and towns money because libraries are
expensive to maintain. They also believe it will encourage more people to read because they won’t
have to travel to a library to get a book; they can simply click on what they want to read and read it
from wherever they are. They could also access more materials because libraries won’t have to buy
physical copies of books; they can simply rent out as many digital copies as they need.

However, it would be a serious mistake to replace libraries with tablets. First, digital books and
resources are associated with less learning and more problems than print resources. A study done on
tablet vs book reading found that people read 20-30% slower on tablets, retain 20% less information,
and understand 10% less of what they read compared to people who read the same information in
print. Additionally, staring too long at a screen has been shown to cause numerous health problems,
including blurred vision, dizziness, dry eyes, headaches, and eye strain, at much higher instances than
reading print does. People who use tablets and mobile devices excessively also have a higher incidence
of more serious health issues such as fibromyalgia, shoulder and back pain, carpal tunnel syndrome,
and muscle strain. I know that whenever I read from my e-reader for too long, my eyes begin to feel
tired and my neck hurts. We should not add to these problems by giving people, especially young
people, more reasons to look at screens.

Second, it is incredibly narrow-minded to assume that the only service libraries offer is book lending.
Libraries have a multitude of benefits, and many are only available if the library has a physical
location. Some of these benefits include acting as a quiet study space, giving people a way to converse
with their neighbors, holding classes on a variety of topics, providing jobs, answering patron questions,
and keeping the community connected. One neighborhood found that, after a local library instituted
community events such as play times for toddlers and parents, job fairs for teenagers, and meeting
spaces for senior citizens, over a third of residents reported feeling more connected to their
community. Similarly, a Pew survey conducted in 2015 found that nearly two-thirds of American
adults feel that closing their local library would have a major impact on their community. People see
libraries as a way to connect with others and get their questions answered, benefits tablets can’t offer
nearly as well or as easily.

While replacing libraries with tablets may seem like a simple solution, it would encourage people to
spend even more time looking at digital screens, despite the myriad issues surrounding them. It would
also end access to many of the benefits of libraries that people have come to rely on. In many areas,
libraries are such an important part of the community network that they could never be replaced by a
simple object.

Argumentative Essay Example 2

Malaria is an infectious disease caused by parasites that are transmitted to people through female
Anopheles mosquitoes. Each year, over half a billion people will become infected with malaria, with
roughly 80% of them living in Sub-Saharan Africa. Nearly half a million people die of malaria every
year, most of them young children under the age of five. Unlike many other infectious diseases, the
death toll for malaria is rising. While there have been many programs designed to improve access to
malaria treatment, the best way to reduce the impact of malaria in Sub-Saharan Africa is to focus on
reducing the number of people who contract the disease in the first place, rather than waiting to treat
the disease after the person is already infected.

There are multiple drugs available to treat malaria, and many of them work well and save lives, but
malaria eradication programs that focus too much on them and not enough on prevention haven’t seen
long-term success in Sub-Saharan Africa. A major program to combat malaria was WHO’s Global
Malaria Eradication Program. Started in 1955, it had a goal of eliminating malaria in Africa within the
next ten years. Based upon previously successful programs in Brazil and the United States, the program
focused mainly on vector control. This included widely distributing chloroquine and spraying large
amounts of DDT. More than one billion dollars was spent trying to abolish malaria. However, the
program suffered from many problems and in 1969, WHO was forced to admit that the program had
not succeeded in eradicating malaria. The number of people in Sub-Saharan Africa who contracted
malaria as well as the number of malaria deaths had actually increased over 10% during the time the
program was active.
One of the major reasons for the failure of the project was that it set uniform strategies and policies. By
failing to consider variations between governments, geography, and infrastructure, the program was
not nearly as successful as it could have been. Sub-Saharan Africa has neither the money nor the
infrastructure to support such an elaborate program, and it couldn’t be run the way it was meant to.
Most African countries don't have the resources to send all their people to doctors and get shots, nor
can they afford to clear wetlands or other malaria prone areas. The continent’s spending per person for
eradicating malaria was just a quarter of what Brazil spent. Sub-Saharan Africa simply can’t rely on a
plan that requires more money, infrastructure, and expertise than they have to spare.

Additionally, the widespread use of chloroquine has created drug resistant parasites which are now
plaguing Sub-Saharan Africa. Because chloroquine was used widely but inconsistently, mosquitoes
developed resistance, and chloroquine is now nearly completely ineffective in Sub-Saharan Africa,
with over 95% of mosquitoes resistant to it. As a result, newer, more expensive drugs need to be used
to prevent and treat malaria, which further drives up the cost of malaria treatment for a region that can
ill afford it.

Instead of developing plans to treat malaria after the infection has incurred, programs should focus on
preventing infection from occurring in the first place. Not only is this plan cheaper and more effective,
reducing the number of people who contract malaria also reduces loss of work/school days which can
further bring down the productivity of the region.

One of the cheapest and most effective ways of preventing malaria is to implement insecticide-treated
bed nets (ITNs). These nets provide a protective barrier around the person or people using them.
While untreated bed nets are still helpful, those treated with insecticides are much more useful
because they stop mosquitoes from biting people through the nets, and they help reduce mosquito
populations in a community, thus helping people who don’t even own bed nets. Bed nets are also very
effective because most mosquito bites occur while the person is sleeping, so bed nets would be able to
drastically reduce the number of transmissions during the night. In fact, transmission of malaria can be
reduced by as much as 90% in areas where the use of ITNs is widespread. Because money is so scarce in
Sub-Saharan Africa, the low cost is a great benefit and a major reason why the program is so successful.
Bed nets cost roughly 2 USD to make, last several years, and can protect two adults. Studies have
shown that, for every 100-1000 more nets are being used, one less child dies of malaria. With an
estimated 300 million people in Africa not being protected by mosquito nets, there’s the potential to
save three million lives by spending just a few dollars per person.

Reducing the number of people who contract malaria would also reduce poverty levels in Africa
significantly, thus improving other aspects of society like education levels and the economy. Vector
control is more effective than treatment strategies because it means fewer people are getting sick.
When fewer people get sick, the working population is stronger as a whole because people are not put
out of work from malaria, nor are they caring for sick relatives. Malaria-afflicted families can typically
only harvest 40% of the crops that healthy families can harvest. Additionally, a family with members
who have malaria spends roughly a quarter of its income treatment, not including the loss of work
they also must deal with due to the illness. It’s estimated that malaria costs Africa 12 billion USD in
lost income every year. A strong working population creates a stronger economy, which Sub-Saharan
Africa is in desperate need of.

Argumentative Essay Example 3

As college sports continue to be hugely popular and the National Collegiate Athletic Association
(NCAA) brings in large amounts of revenue, people have revived the debate on whether college
athletes should get paid.

There are many ways payments could work. They could be in the form of a free-market approach,
where athletes are able to earn whatever the market is willing to pay them, it could be a set amount of
money per athlete, or student athletes could earn income from endorsements, autographs, and control
of their likeness, similar to the way top Olympians earn money.

Proponents of the idea believe that, because college athletes are the ones who are training,
participating in games, and bringing in audiences, they should receive some sort of compensation for
their work. If there were no college athletes, the NCAA wouldn’t exist, college coaches wouldn’t
receive there (sometimes very high) salaries, and brands like Nike couldn’t profit from college sports.
In fact, the NCAA brings in roughly $1 billion in revenue a year, but college athletes don’t receive any
of that money in the form of a paycheck. Additionally, people who believe college athletes should be
paid state that paying college athletes will actually encourage them to remain in college longer and not
turn pro as quickly, either by giving them a way to begin earning money in college or requiring them
to sign a contract stating they’ll stay at the university for a certain number of years while making an
agreed-upon salary.

Supporters of this idea point to Zion Williamson, the Duke basketball superstar, who, during his
freshman year, sustained a serious knee injury. Many argued that, even if he enjoyed playing for Duke,
it wasn’t worth risking another injury and ending his professional career before it even began for a
program that wasn’t paying him. Williamson seems to have agreed with them and declared his
eligibility for the NCAA draft later that year. If he was being paid, he may have stayed at Duke longer.
In fact, roughly a third of student athletes surveyed stated that receiving a salary while in college
would make them “strongly consider” remaining collegiate athletes longer before turning pro.
Paying athletes could also stop the recruitment scandals that have plagued the NCAA. In 2018, the
NCAA stripped the University of Louisville's men's basketball team of its 2013 national championship
title because it was discovered coaches were using sex workers to entice recruits to join the team.
There have been dozens of other recruitment scandals where college athletes and recruits have been
bribed with anything from having their grades changed, to getting free cars, to being straight out
bribed. By paying college athletes and putting their salaries out in the open, the NCAA could end the
illegal and underhanded ways some schools and coaches try to entice athletes to join.

People who argue against the idea of paying college athletes believe the practice could be disastrous for
college sports. By paying athletes, they argue, they’d turn college sports into a bidding war, where only
the richest schools could afford top athletes, and the majority of schools would be shut out from
developing a talented team (though some argue this already happens because the best players often go
to the most established college sports programs, who typically pay their coaches millions of dollars per
year). It could also ruin the tight camaraderie of many college teams if players become jealous that
certain teammates are making more money than they are.

They also argue that paying college athletes actually means only a small fraction would make
significant money. Out of the 350 Division I athletic departments, fewer than a dozen earn any money.
Nearly all the money the NCAA makes comes from men’s football and basketball, so paying college
athletes would make a small group of men--who likely will be signed to pro teams and begin making
millions immediately out of college--rich at the expense of other players.

Those against paying college athletes also believe that the athletes are receiving enough benefits
already. The top athletes already receive scholarships that are worth tens of thousands per year, they
receive free food/housing/textbooks, have access to top medical care if they are injured, receive top
coaching, get travel perks and free gear, and can use their time in college as a way to capture the
attention of professional recruiters. No other college students receive anywhere near as much from
their schools.

People on this side also point out that, while the NCAA brings in a massive amount of money each
year, it is still a non-profit organization. How? Because over 95% of those profits are redistributed to its
members’ institutions in the form of scholarships, grants, conferences, support for Division II and
Division III teams, and educational programs. Taking away a significant part of that revenue would
hurt smaller programs that rely on that money to keep running.

While both sides have good points, it’s clear that the negatives of paying college athletes far outweigh
the positives. College athletes spend a significant amount of time and energy playing for their school,
but they are compensated for it by the scholarships and perks they receive. Adding a salary to that
would result in a college athletic system where only a small handful of athletes (those likely to become
 millionaires in the professional leagues) are paid by a handful of schools who enter bidding wars to
recruit them, while the majority of student athletics and college athletic programs suffer or even shut
down for lack of money. Continuing to offer the current level of benefits to student athletes makes it
possible for as many people to benefit from and enjoy college sports as possible.

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Topics:

1. Why do more and more girls choose technical education and careers in the STEM?
2. Are men as emotional as women?
3. Is it normal to refuse to serve gay couples because of your religious beliefs?
4. How does the beauty industry affect the perception of women's appearance?
5. Should the parenting be more gender neutral?
6. What does it mean to be a real woman in a contemporary society?
7. Is it acceptable for boys to cry?
8. Should women be allowed to serve in the army and take part in military campaigns?
9. How will the #MeToo movement affect the relationship between a man and a woman?
10. Can a woman hold leadership positions?
11. Education should be free for everyone
12. Why are the US citizens rapidly becoming more obese?
13. Internet access must be limited to students
14. Young people must have a right to choose when it comes to military
15. Each student must have a right to pick only those disciplines he is interested in
16. What are the advantages US educational system offers to international students?
17. Which secondary languages are worth studying today?
18. Is education too commercialized nowadays?
19. Do libraries have a chance to survive in the future due to the fast development of digital technologies?
20. Do we need so much advertising around?
21. Can you name any actor who did not deserve his Oscar?
22. Speaking of kids, what books are better for them: paper books or e-books?
23. Does speed reading really make you smarter?
24. Do you know the real reasons why Banksy wants to remain anonymous?
25. What are the reasons for indie music to be so popular among the millennials?
26. Do you know the secret of Taylor Swift's popularity?
27. How did schizophrenia influence Louis Wain pictures?
28. How important is modern art education for developing abilities of children, teenagers, and adults?
29. Is it true that video games with violence make teenagers aggressive?
30. Do children need homework in primary school?
31. Should children be responsible for keeping their rooms clean and tidy?
32. Who should be role models for teenagers?
33. Can children under the age of 12 be allowed to watch horror films?
34. Why do most children and teenagers want to become video bloggers?
35. Should college education be free to all?
36. Should parents monitor activities of their children on social media platforms and limit their use?
37. Should young children be allowed to compete on a variety of TV shows together with adults?
38. Should student athletes get paid by universities?
39. Should parents limit their children’s internet time after they come from school?
40. Do advancements of modern technologies ruin childhood?
41. Should Photoshop be banned in beauty magazines?
42. Can GMO food solve the most urgent problems connected with world hunger?
43. How can marijuana help cancer patients and other people who suffer from constant pain?
44. Should government lower the drinking age?
45. Can unvaccinated children be dangerous to other kids in schools and other public places?
46. Does homeopathy work for treating diseases or preventing them?
47. Should vegetarian parents give their children meat?
48. What are the main advantages and disadvantages of 3d printed organs?
49. Should basic health care be free for all citizens?
50. Can healthy eating habits help us look younger and live longer?

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