SỞ GD&ĐT QUẢNG BÌNH KỲ KIỂM TRA CHỌN ĐỘI TUYỂN CHÍNH THỨC DỰ

ĐỀ CHÍNH THỨC THI HSG QUỐC GIA NĂM 2021

SỐ PHÁCH Thời gian: 180 phút (không kể thời gian giao đề)
Ngày thi: 21/09/2020
Đề thi có 16 trang
Thí sinh không được sử dụng tài liệu, kể cả từ điển.
Giám thị không giải thích gì thêm.

Lưu ý: Thí sinh làm bài trên đề thi

I. LISTENING (50/ 200 POINTS)
HƯỚNG DẪN PHẦN THI NGHE HIỂU
 Bài nghe gồm 4 phần; mỗi phần được nghe 2 lần, mỗi lần cách nhau 05 giây; mở đầu và kết thúc
mỗi phần nghe có tín hiệu.
 Mở đầu và kết thúc bài nghe có tín hiệu nhạc. Thí sinh có 02 phút để hoàn chỉnh bài trước tín
hiệu nhạc kết thúc bài nghe.
 Mọi hướng dẫn cho thí sinh (bằng tiếng Anh) đã có trong bài nghe.
Part 1: For questions 1-5, listen to a radio interview in which a choreographer, Alice Reynold,
discusses a dance programme, and choose the answer A, B, C or D which fits best according to
what you hear. Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided.
1. How is the programme designed to help youngsters?
A. by getting them to talk about their feelings
B. by encouraging them to loosen up
C. by enabling them to convey their thoughts
D. by giving them a way to entertain themselves
2. When talking about the nature of communication, Alice reveals that________
A. teenagers are quick to react to a number of emotions.
B. people who learn how to show how they feel can articulate better.
C. shy youngsters find the programme more useful than others.
D. young people have a lot of pent up negative emotions.
3 . What aspect of the programme encourages teenagers to face their troubles?
A. the social side of dance
B. the freedom of the movement
C. the obligation to interact
D. the release of feelings
4. Alice contrasts professional and amateur dancers in order to________
A. highlight the usefulness of the programme.
B. emphasise the use of emotions in dance.
C. illustrate the difference between teaching style.
D. explain the ability to recognize feelings
5. What points does Alice make about the study into a person’s personality?
A. It found that certain types of people dance better than others.
B. Personality has a bearing on people’s willingness to participate.
C. Who people are can be recognized through their movements.
D. It revealed that most people try to hide their true nature.
Your answers:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

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Part 2. For questions 6-12, listen and complete the sentences with A WORD OR A SHORT
PHRASE in each blank. Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided.
What happens in the Amazon has a (6) ______________________on the planet as a whole.
In the 10 years up to 2009, over a thousand (7) ______________________ of plants and animals
were discovered.
The plants and animals are in danger because the Amazon’s (8) ______________________are at risk.
The region is using its vital resources to place itself in the (9) ______________________.
The (10) ______________________of allowing even a small percentage of the carbon to escape
would be disastrous
Rapid development, thanks to plans put forward by the government, has resulted in (11)
______________________.
Activities to obtain minerals and other natural resources are also (12) ______________________.
Your answers:
6.
7. 8. 9.
10. 11. 12.
Part 3. For questions 13-17, listen to the news about a new type of a currency that will be available
wordwide and answer the questions. Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes
provided.
13. What kind of digital money is being created?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
14. What problems do underclass people face up to when doing transaction?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
15. What Facebook currency is mentioned?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
16. According to the report, how is bitcoin different form the Facebook currency?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
17. What Facebook apps can be used in the transaction of this new currency ?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
Part 4. For questions 18-25, listen to the news about the racial discrimination targeting to Asian-
American students in Ivy League schools and complete the sentences. WRITE NO MORE THAN
THREE WORDS taken from the recording in each blank.
Asian-American communities are going to continue our fight until you totally stop your (18)
______________________ against our children.
The group is now asking the government to investigate (19) ______________________ at Brown,
Yale and Dartmouth, pointing to a study that concluded Asian-Americans need to score higher than
white, black and Hispanic students on the SAT to get into these colleges.
The number of Asian-American students at these elite colleges still far (20)
______________________in the general population.
Aaron Lewis is a guidance counselor at Newton South High School, and he's checking in with some
of his seniors at a (21) ______________________.
Lewis says while some families are looking for any edge in the college (22)
______________________, he never tells his Asian-American students that they might benefit from
not checking the box indicating their (23) ______________________.
Isabella is Chinese Asian-American and says she thinks some Asian-American groups get too (24)
______________________ on the idea of discrimination at big-name schools.
I'm pretty sure it does happen, but I think they're going a little too (25) ______________________
with it.
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Your answers:
18. 19.
20. 21.
22. 23.
24. 25.

II. LEXICO-GRAMMAR (25/ 200 POINTS)

Part 1. For questions 26-40, choose the correct answer A, B, C, or D to each of the following
questions. Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided.
26. To become a psychologist would have meant _________ for another four years.
A. to study B. study C. studying D. to studying
27. It’s not unusual for yoga students _________ uncomfortable the first time they meditate.
A. feeling B. to feel C. having felt D. to have felt
28. She was very fortunate to _________an excellent private tutor to help her with her study.
A. think through B. seek out C. pick up D. light upon
29. I went to see the boss about a pay rise and he _________ with a weak excuse about a business
dinner and left me standing there.
A. brushed me aside B. brushed me up C. brushed me off D. brushed me down
30. If he has a great job but is always broke, it _________ the question of where the money is going?
A. pleases B. expects C. begs D. demands
31. You can't take the children out sailing in this weather! Have you completely taken leave of your
_________?
A. mind B. brains C. senses D. logic
32. Current opinion has _________ in support of many self-help therapies.
A. reached B. swung C. wavered D. motioned
33. Sue was asked to keep a diary of her day to see if there was a(n) _________in her behavior
A. pattern B. outline C. programme D. path
34. As a last _________I turn to the meditation to help reduce my stress.
A. surrogate B. recource C. resort ` D. stopgap
35. After the treatment, extra care is required as the patient is highly_________to infection.
A. skeptical B. subjectable C. susceptible D. suggestible
36. She has written more than three self- help books and continue to _________ books to this day.
A. stir up B. work up C. move out D. churn out
37. Pet- assisted therapy is primary _________ with assisting in recovery through interaction with a
trained animal.
A. concerned B. understood C. involved D. regarded
38. Our students are unprepared for the workforce, and we are ________ a harvest of lowered
standards.
A. earning B. growing C. reaping D. gathering
39. There‘s nothing to _________as it‘s a general knowledge quiz.
A. come round to B. face up to C. swot up on D. come up with
40. Young children often ask many questions because they are naturally _________.
A. intriguing B. inquisitive C. ingenious D. captivating
Your answers:
26. 27. 28. 29. 30.
31. 32. 33. 34. 35.
36. 37. 38. 39. 40.

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Part 2. For questions 41-50, write the correct form of each bracketed word in the corresponding
numbered boxes provided.
41. They're making efforts to streamline their normally _________ (CUMBER) bureaucracy.
42. They have become _________ (RECONCILE), with both sides refusing to compromise any
further.
43.He's _________ (CENTRE), manipulative, insensitive; classic signs of a personality problem.
44. .Sometimes a sympathetic friend can be a constant source of discouragement, all _________.
(KNOW)
45.Some say he was reborn as a(n) _________(DEAD) god, others that he was simply a disembodied
spirit.
46. By 1980 the Republican Party platform had become antiabortion; and a president who pledged to
_________ (LAW) abortion altogether had been elected.
47. The country's great influence in the world is _________ (PROPORTION) to its relatively small
size.
48. In the US, a school _________ (INTEND) is in charge of the schools in a particular area.
49. She appeared on television to make a(n) _________ (PASSION) plea for help.
50. _________ (BRAIN) on creative tasks has been a major activity in the advertising business where
it began in the 1930s.
Your answers:
41. 46.
42. 47.
43. 48.
44. 49.
45. 50.

III. READING (65/ 200 POINTS)

Part 1. For questions 51-60, fill each of the following numbered blanks with ONE suitable word.
Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided.
NO LOGO
In the luxury goods market, the prominent logos once associated with lavish lifestyles may soon be a
thing of the (51) _______. Amongst all sorts of brands, there is a growing consensus (52) _______
anonymity is the key to (53) _______ recognized. In other words, we recognize the brand (54)
_______ its quality and style even if the logo is (55) _______ to be seen. (56) _______ the example
of one well-established luxury brand, known for the timeless elegance of its handbags rather than for
bringing (57) _______ a new style every season. During the last economic recession, despite the fact
that the only logo is discreetly stamped inside, it seemed to thrive. The explanation for this might of
course (58) _______ in the fact that, facing tighter budgets, customers wanted a bag that would (59)
_______ the test of time. But it could also be that in a world devoid of logos, it is the product itself
(60) _______ accentuates personality. What’s more, the bags still tapped into a desire for admiration,
albeit from informed insiders.
Your answers:
51. 52. 53. 54. 55.
56. 57. 58. 59. 60.

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Part 2. For questions 61-70, read the following passage and decide which answer (A, B, C or D)
best fits each gap. Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes.
Disruptive technologies are now dictating our future, as new innovations increasingly (61)
_______ the lines between physical, digital and biological realms. Robots are already in our operating
rooms and fast-food restaurants; we can now use 3D imaging and stem-cell (62) _______ to grow
human bones from a patient's own cells; and 3D printing is creating a circular economy in which we
can use and then reuse raw materials.
This (63) _______ of technological innovation will continue to (64) _______ change how we
live and work, and how our societies operate. In what is now called the Fourth Industrial Revolution,
technologies that are coming of age - including robotics, nanotechnology, virtual reality, 3D printing,
the Internet of Things, artificial intelligence and advanced biology - will (65) _______. And as these
technologies continue to be developed and widely adopted, they will bring about (66) _______ shifts
in all disciplines, industries and economies, and in the way that we produce, distribute, consume and
dispose of goods and services.
These developments have provoked anxious questions about what role humans will play in a
technology-driven world. A 2013 University of Oxford study estimates that (67) _______ half of all
jobs in the United States could be lost to automation over the next two decades. On the other hand,
economists such as Boston University's James Bessen argue that automation often goes (68) _______
with the creation of new jobs. So which is it - new jobs or massive structural unemployment?
At this point, we can be certain that the Fourth Industrial Revolution will have a disruptive
impact on employment, but no one can yet predict the scale of change. So, before we (69) _______
all the bad news, we should look at history, which suggests that technological change more often
affects the nature of work, (70) _______ the opportunity to participate in work itself.
(Adapted from “Look to history to prepare for an automated future” by Johan Aurik, the Straitstimes)
61. A. gloss B. blur C. tamper D. distort
62. A. creation of B. addition to C. introduction to D. extraction to
63. A. bore B. thunder C. tsunami D. quake
64. A. similarly B. thoroughly C. appositely D. profoundly
65. A. converge B. suppose C. disperse D. conclude
66. A. high B. radical C. extreme D. severe
67. A. close to B. proximity to C. near D. verge on
68. A. all in all B. side by side C. hand in hand D. little by little
69. A. perpetual B. swallow C. expel D. regurgitate
70. A. besides B. except C. due to D. rather than
Your answers:
61. 62. 63. 64. 65.
66. 67. 68. 69. 70.

Part 3. In the passage below, seven paragraphs have been removed. For questions 71-77, read the
passage and choose from the paragraphs A-H the one which fits each gap. There is ONE extra
paragraph which you do not need to use. Write your answers in the corresponding numbered
boxes provided.
WELCOME TO ECO-CITY
The world has quietly undergone a major shift in balance. According to UN estimates, 2008 marked
the first year in history when more than half of the world's population lived in cities. There are now
around 3.4bn human beings stuffed into every available corner of urban space, and more are set to

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follow. At a time when humanity has woken up to its responsibility to the environment, the
continuing urban swell presents an immense challenge. In response, cities all over the world are
setting themselves high targets to reduce carbon emissions and produce clean energy. But if they don't
succeed, there is another option: building new eco-cities entirely from scratch.
71.
Rather than just design a city in the same way we'd done it before, we can focus on how to minimise
the use of resources to show that there is a different way of doing it', says Roger Wood, associate
director at Arup. Wood is one of hundreds of people at Arup, the engineering and architecture giant,
hired by Shanghai Industrial Investment Corporation to set out a master plan for the Dongtan eco-
city.
72.
When the first demonstrator phase is complete, Dongtan will be a modest community of 5000. By
2020, that will balloon to 80,000 and in 2050, the 30km2 site will be home to 500,000. Arup says that
every one of those people will be no more than seven minutes' walk from public transport. Only
electric vehicles will be allowed in the city and residents will be discouraged from using even those
because each village is planned so that the need for motorised transport is minimal.
73.
That's a big cornerstone of Arup's design for Dongtan. The aim is that the city will require 66 percent
less energy than a conventional development, with wind turbines and solar panels complementing
some 40 percent that comes from biological sources. These include human sewage and municipal
waste, both of which will be controlled for energy recovery and composting. Meanwhile, a combined
heat and power plant will burn waste rice husks.
74.
Work on Dongtan had been scheduled to begin in late 2008 with the first demonstration phase
completed by 2010. Unfortunately, problems resulting from the complicated planning procedures in
China have led to setbacks. Dongtan's rival project in Abu Dhabi has suffered no such hold-ups.
Engineers broke ground on the Masdar eco-city in March 2008. Although it will take a different
approach in terms of design, like Dongtan, the city is planned to be a zero-carbon, uber-efficient
showcase for sustainable living.
75.
In the blistering desert of the Gulf state, where it's almost too hot to venture outdoors for three or four
months of the year, the big question for Masdar is how to keep cool without turning on the air-
conditioning. In this equation, insulation and ventilation suddenly become more important than the
performance of solar panels. To maximise shade, I the city's streets are packed closely together, with
limits of four or five storeys set on the height of most buildings.
76.
The other major design feature for Masdar is that the whole city is raised on a deck. The pedestrian
level will be free of vehicles and much of the noisy maintenance that you see in modern cities. Cars
are banned from Masdar entirely, while an underground network of `podcars' ferries people around
the city.
77.
Given that this concern is legitimate, developers of both cities would do well to incorporate both a
range of housing and jobs to make them inclusive to everyone. This will be difficult, obviously, but
then just about everything is difficult when you're completely reinventing the way we build and live

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in a metropolis. And supposing these sustainable and super-efficient cities are successful, could they
even usher in a new world order?
The missing paragraphs:
A. The city will be built on a corner of Chongming Island in the mouth of the Yangtze River. It will
be made up of three interlinked, mixed-use villages, built one after the other. Each will combine
homes, businesses and recreation, and a bridge and tunnel link will connect the population with
Shanghai on the mainland.
B. The skin of each building will be crucial. Thick concrete would only soak up heat and release it
slowly, so instead engineers will use thin walls that react quickly to the sun. A thin metal layer on the
outside will help to reflect heat and stop it from penetrating the building. Density is also critical for
Masdar. The city is arranged in a definite square with a walled border. Beyond this perimeter, fields
of solar panels, a wind farm and a desalination plant will provide clean energy and water, and act as a
barrier to prevent further sprawl.
C. 'If you plan your development so people can live, work and shop very locally, you can quite
significantly reduce the amount of energy that's being used', Wood says. `Then, not only have you
made the situation easier because you've reduced the energy demand, but it also means that producing
it from renewable sources becomes easier because you don't have to produce quite as much'.
D. Arup's integrated, holistic approach to city planning goes further still. Leftover heat from the
power plant will be channelled to homes and businesses. Buildings can be made of thinner materials
because the electric cars on the road will be quiet, so there's less noise to drown out. Dongtan will
initially see an 83 per cent reduction in waste sent to landfill compared to other cities, with the aim to
reduce that to nothing over time. And more than 60 per cent of the whole site will be parks and
farmland, where food is grown to feed the population.
E. Developers at Masdar and Dongtan are adamant that each city will be somewhere that people want
to live. Critics do not question this but they do, nevertheless, wonder if these cities will be realistic
places for people on a low income. They say that it would be easy for places like these to become a St
Tropez or a Hamptons, where only rich people live.
F. Funded by a 12bn (euro) investment from the government in Abu Dhabi, it has not passed the
attention of many observers that Masdar is being built by one of the world's largest and most
profitable producers of oil. Even so, under the guidance of architects as Foster and Partners, the city is
just as ambitious as its Chinese counterpart and also hinges on being able to run on low power.
G. Since cars and other petrol-based vehicles are banned from the city, occupants will share a
network of ‘podcars' to get around. The 'personal rapid transit system' will comprise 2500 driverless,
electric vehicles that make 150,000 trips a day by following sensors along a track beneath the
pedestrian deck. Up to six passengers will ride in each pod: they just hop in at one of 83 stations
around the city and tap in their destination.
H. Incredibly, this is already happening. Two rival developments, one in China and one in the United
Arab Emirates, are progressing in tandem. Work on Masdar, 17km from Abu Dhabi, began in 2008,
while Dongtan, near Shanghai, will eventually be home to half a million people. The aim for both is
to build sustainable, zero-carbon communities that showcase green technology and demonstrate what
smart urban planning can achieve in the 21st century.
Your answers:
71 . 72 . 73 . 74 . 75 . 76 . 77 .

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Part 4. For questions 78-91, read the following passage and do the tasks that follow.
HOW DOES THE BIOLOGICAL CLOCK TICK?
A. Our life span is restricted. Everyone accepts this as ‘biologically’ obvious. ‘Nothing lives forever!’
However, in this statement, we think of artificially produced, technical objects, products which are
subjected to natural wear and tear during use. This leads to the result that at some time or other the
object stops working and is unusable (‘death’ in the biological sense). But are the wear and tear and
loss of function of technical objects and the death of living organisms really similar or comparable?
B. Our ‘dead’ products are ‘static’, closed systems. It is always the basic material which constitutes
the object and which, in the natural course of things, is worn down and becomes ‘older’. Ageing in
this case, must occur according to the laws of physical chemistry and of thermodynamics. Although
the same law holds for a living organism, the result of this law is not inexorable in the same way. At
least as long as a biological system has the ability to renew itself it could actually become older
without ageing; an organism is an open, dynamic system through which new material continuously
flows. Destruction of old material and formation of new material are thus in permanent dynamic
equilibrium. The material of which the organism is formed changes continuously. Thus our bodies
continuously exchange old substance for new, just like a spring which more or less maintains its form
and movement, but in which the water molecules are always different.
C. Thus ageing and death should not be seen as inevitable, particularly as the organism possesses
many mechanisms for repair. It is not, in principle, necessary for a biological system to age and die.
Nevertheless, a restricted life span, ageing, and then death are basic characteristics of life. The reason
for this is easy to recognise: in nature, the existent organisms either adapt or are regularly replaced by
new types. Because of changes in the genetic material (mutations), these have new characteristics and
in the course of their individual lives, they are tested for optimal or better adaptation to the
environmental conditions. Immortality would disturb this system — it needs room for new and better
life. This is the basic problem of evolution.
D. Every organism has a life span which is highly characteristic. There are striking differences in life
span between different species, but within one species the parameter is relatively constant. For
example, the average duration of human life has hardly changed in thousands of years. Although
more and more people attain an advanced age as a result of developments in medical care and better
nutrition, the characteristic upper limit for most remains 80 years. A further argument against the
simple wear and tear theory is the observation that the time within which organisms age lies between
a few days (even a few hours for unicellular organisms) and several thousand years, as with
mammoth trees.
E. If a life span is a genetically determined biological characteristic, it is logically necessary to
propose the existence of an internal clock, which in some way measures and controls the ageing
process and which finally determines death as the last step in a fixed programme. Like the life span,
the metabolic rate has for different organisms a fixed mathematical relationship to the body mass. In
comparison to the life span this relationship is 'inverted': the larger the organism the lower its
metabolic rate. Again this relationship is valid not only for birds, but also, similarly on average within
the systematic unit, for all other organisms (plants, animals, unicellular organisms).
F. Animals which behave ‘frugally’ with energy become particularly old, for example, crocodiles and
tortoises. Parrots and birds of prey are often held chained up. Thus they are not able to ‘experience
life’ and so they attain a high life pan in captivity. Animals which save energy by hibernation or
lethargy (e.g. bats or hedgehogs) live much longer than those which are always active. The metabolic
rate of mice can be reduced by a very low consumption of food (hunger diet). They then may live
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twice as long as their well fed comrades. Women become distinctly (about 10 per cent) older than
men. If you examine the metabolic rates of the two sexes you establish that the higher male metabolic
rate roughly accounts for the lower male life span. That means that they live life ‘energetically’ —
more intensively, but not for as long.
G. It follows from the above that sparing use of energy reserves should tend to extend life. Extreme
high performance sports may lead to optimal cardiovascular performance, but they quite certainly do
not prolong life. Relaxation lowers metabolic rate, as does adequate sleep and in general an equable
and balanced personality. Each of us can develop his or her own ‘energy saving programme’ with a
little self-observation, critical self-control and, above all, logical consistency. Experience will show
that to live in this way not only increases the lifespan but is also very healthy. This final aspect should
not be forgotten.
Questions 78-83. There are seven paragraphs marked A-G in the passage and 10 headings. Choose
the correct heading for paragraphs B-G from the list of headings below. Write your answers in the
corresponding numbered boxes provided.
List of Headings
i. The biological clock Example answer
ii. Why dying is beneficial Paragraph A ___v___
iii. The ageing process of men and women 78. Paragraph B _______
iv. Prolonging your life 79. Paragraph C _______
v. Limitations of life span 80. Paragraph D _______
vi. Modes of development of different species 81. Paragraph E _______
vii. A stable lifespan despite improvements 82. Paragraph F _______
viii. Energy consumption 83. Paragraph G _______
ix. Fundamental differences in ageing of objects and organisms
x. Repair of genetic material

Questions 84-87. Complete the notes below. Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the
passage for each answer. Write your answers in numbered boxes from 84 to 87.
- Objects age in accordance with principles of  (84) ____________ and of (85) _______________.
- Through mutations, organisms can (86) ______________  better to the environment.
- (87)_________________  would pose a serious problem for the theory of evolution.
Your answers:
84. 85. 86. 87.

Questions 88-91. Do the following statements agree with the information given in the Reading
Passage above? In numbered boxes from 88 to 91 write:
YES if the statement agrees with the claims of the writer
NO if the statement contradicts the claims of the writer
NOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this
88. The wear and tear theory applies to both artificial objects and biological systems. 
89. In principle, it is possible for a biological system to become older without ageing.
90. Within seven years, about 90 per cent of a human body is replaced as new.
91. Conserving energy may help to extend a human's life. 
Your answers:
88. 89. 90. 91.

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Part 5: You are going to read about the experiences and opinions of five educators on online
courses and learning. For questions 92-101, choose from the sections (A-E). The sections may be
chosen more than once.
Online studies
A. Educators have known for 30 years that students perform better when given one-on-one tutoring
and mastery learning - working on a subject until it is mastered, not just until a test is scheduled.
Success also requires motivation, whether from an inner drive or from parents, mentors or peers. For
years my colleagues and I have given artificial-intelligence courses: we lectured, assigned homework
and gave everyone the same exam at the same time. Each semester just 5 to 10 per cent of students
regularly engaged in deep discussion; the rest were more passive. We felt there had to be a better
way, so we created a free online course, which was completed by only 23,000 participants of an
initial 'intake' of 100,000. Our second scheme was more successful as we made learning happen
actively. This helped us increase motivation and keep attention from wavering, both of which led to a
much lower dropout rate. For our class, teachers analysed the data generated by student participation,
but an artificial-intelligence system could perform this function and then make recommendations for
what a student could try next to improve.
B. Today students in most classrooms sit, listen and take notes while a professor lectures. Despite
there being 20 to 300 students in the room, there is little or no human interaction. Exams often offer
the first opportunity to get real information on how well the students digested the knowledge. If the
exam identifies a lack of understanding of a basic concept, the class still moves on to a more
advanced concept. Virtual tools are providing an opportunity to rethink this methodology. If a lecture
is available online, class time can be freed for discussion, peer-tutoring or professor-led exploration.
If a lecture is removed from class time and we have on-demand adaptive exercises and diagnostics,
we can enter the realm of 'blended learning'. In the blended learning reality, the professor's role is
moved up the value chain. Rather than spending the bulk of their time lecturing, writing exams and
grading them, they can interact with their students. Rather than enforcing a sit-and-listen passivity,
teachers will mentor and challenge their students to take control of their rate of learning - the most
valuable skill of all.
C. Digital technologies have the potential to transform Indian higher education. A new model built
around massive open online courses (MOOCs) that are developed locally and combined with those
provided by top universities abroad could deliver higher education on a scale and at a quality not
possible before. India has experimented with online classes before, but their impact has been
marginal. A decade ago, the country began using the Internet to distribute video and Web-based
courses under a government-funded initiative, the National Program on Technology Enhanced
Learning. Developers created over 900 courses, focused mainly on science and engineering with
about 40 hours of instruction each. With limited interactivity and uneven quality, these courses failed
to attract a large body of students. Now, though, MOOCs have given Indian academics a better sense
of how a lecture could be restructured into short, self-contained segments with high interactivity to
engage students more effectively. This appears to be a step in the right direction, but what is really
needed is the right model to use MOOCs in an Indian context. With a decade of experience in this
space and a vibrant technology ecosystem, India will most likely find its way very soon.
D. The rapid evolution of digital resources like video, interactive multimedia and new modes of
assessment challenges us to reimagine what we can and should do when we are face-to-face with our
students. As I develop online courses on cellular metabolism, for instance, I hypothesise that the
blend of animation and appropriate embedded assessments will communicate the intricacies of
electron transfer more effectively than that portion of my traditional lecture. After rebalancing class
assignments to include both reading and online materials, while maintaining the same overall
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workload, I nonetheless gain time with my students in the classroom to discuss and critically analyse
the metabolic consequences of experimentally disrupting electron transfer. Underlying this progress is
the awareness that experimentation is the key and that we do not yet know how best to harness the
enormous positive potential of the online revolution for on-campus learning. This is why every course
or module should have an associated research component where student progress is measured.
E. Technology is transforming education for the worse and one of its dubious uses is to grade essays.
Major testing companies are using software to score written test answers as machines can work faster
than teachers. However, they cannot evaluate the imaginative use of language. Thus, students will
learn to write according to the formula that the machine responds to best at the expense of accuracy,
creativity and imagination. Worse, the teacher will abandon the important job of reading what the
students write and will be less informed about how they think. That is a loss for the quality of
education. A more worrisome use of technology is the accumulation and storage of personal,
confidential data on a cloud. Who needs all this personal information and why is it being shared?
Advocates say that the goal is to create better products for individual students. Critics believe that the
information will be given or sold to vendors, who will use it to market products to children and their
parents.
In which section are the following mentioned? ________ Your answers:
a strategy that helped the learners focus 92.________
the reason why more data is required to make the best use of computer-based 93.________
learning
digital resources leading to the standardisation of student learning 94.________
the necessity to adapt online courses to a specific culture 95.________
a claim that information will be used to enhance product quality 96.________
personally combining digital and traditional tools to provide a more effective 97.________
learning experience
the problem of gaps in students' knowledge not being addressed 98.________
humans undertaking a task that machines could carry out 99. ________
the importance of students progressing at their own pace 100.________
computer-based courses that attracted a disappointing number of participants 101.________

Part 6. For questions 102- 108, read the following passage and choose the best answer. Write your
answers in the corresponding numbered boxes.
The craft of perfumery has an ancient and global heritage. The art flourished in Ancient Rome,
where the emperors were said to bathe in scent. After the fall of Rome, much of the knowledge was
lost, but survived in Islamic civilizations in the Middle Ages. Arab and Persian pharmacists
developed essential oils from the aromatic plants of the Indian peninsula. They developed the
processes of distillation and suspension in alcohol, which allowed for smaller amounts of raw
materials to be used than in the ancient process, by which flower petals were soaked in warm oil. This
knowledge was carried back to European monasteries during the Crusades.
At first, the use of fragrances was primarily associated with healing. Aromatic alcoholic waters
were ingested as well as used externally. Fragrances were used to purify the air, both for spiritual and
health purposes. During the Black Death, the bubonic plague was thought to have resulted from
a bad odour which could be averted by inhaling pleasant fragrances such as cinnamon. The
Black Death led to an aversion to using water for washing, and so perfume was commonly used as a
cleaning agent.
Later on, the craft of perfume re-entered Europe, and was centred in Venice, chiefly because it
was an important trade route and a centre for glass-making. Having such materials at hand was

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essential for the distillation process. In the late seventeenth century, trade soared in France, when
Louis XIV brought in policies of protectionism and patronage which stimulated the purchase of
luxury goods. Here, perfumery was the preserve of glove-makers. The link arose since the tanning of
leather required putrid substances. Consequently, the gloves were scented before they were sold and
worn. A glove and perfume makers‘ guild had existed here since 1190. Entering it required 7 years of
formal training under a master perfumer.
The trade in perfume flourished during the reign of Louis XV, as the master glove-and-perfume
makers, particularly those trading in Paris, received patronage from the royal court, where it is said
that a different perfume was used each week. The perfumers diversified into other cosmetics
including soaps, powders, white face paints and hair dyes. They were not the sole sellers of beauty
products. Mercers, spicers, vinegar-makers and wig-makers were all cashing in on the popularity of
perfumed products. Even simple shopkeepers were coming up with their own concoctions to sell.
During the eighteenth century, more modern, capitalist perfume industry began to emerge,
particularly in Britain where there was a flourishing consumer society. In France, the revolution
initially disrupted the perfume trade due to its association with aristocracy, however, it regained
momentum later as a wider range of markets were sought both in the domestic and overseas markets.
The guild system was abolished in 1791, allowing new high-end perfumery shops to open in Paris.
Perfume became less associated with health in 1810 with a Napoleonic ordinance which
required perfumers to declare the ingredients of all products for internal consumption. Unwilling to
divulge their secrets, traders concentrated on products for external use. Napoleon affected the
industry in other ways too. With French ports blockaded by the British during the Napoleonic wars,
the London perfumers were able to dominate the markets for some time.
One of the significant changes in the nineteenth century was the idea of branding. Until then,
trademarks had had little significance in the perfumery where goods were consumed locally, although
they had a long history in other industries. One of the pioneers in this field was Rimmel who was
nationalized as a British citizen in 1857. He took advantage of the spread of railroads to reach
customers in wider markets. To do this, he built a brand which conveyed prestige and quality, and
were worth paying a premium for. He recognised the role of design in enhancing the value of his
products, hiring a French lithographer to create the labels for his perfume bottles.
Luxury fragrances were strongly associated with the affluent and prestigious cities of London
and Paris. Perfumers elsewhere tended to supply cheaper products and knock-offs of the London and
Paris brands. The United States perfume industry, which developed around the docks in New York
where French oils were being imported, began in this way. Many American firms were founded by
immigrants, such as William Colgate, who arrived in 1806. At this time, Colgate was chiefly known
as a perfumery. Its Cashmere Bouquet brand had 625 perfume varieties in the early 20th century.
102. The purpose of the text is to________
A. compare the perfumes from different countries.
B. describe the history of perfume making.
C. describe the problems faced by perfumers.
D. explain the different uses of perfume over time.
103. Which of the following is NOT true about perfume making in Islamic countries?
A. They created perfume by soaking flower petals in oil.
B. They dominated perfume making after the fall of the Roman Empire.
C. They took raw materials for their perfumes from India.
D. They created a technique which required fewer plant materials.
104. Why does the writer include this sentence in paragraph 2?
During the Black Death, the bubonic plague was thought to have resulted from a bad odour
which could be averted by inhaling pleasant fragrances such as cinnamon.
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A. To explain why washing was not popular during the Black Death.
B. To show how improper use of perfume caused widespread disease.
C. To illustrate how perfumes used to be ingested to treat disease.
D. To give an example of how fragrances were used for health purposes.
105. Why did the perfume industry develop in Paris?
A. Because it was an important trade route.
B. Because of the rise in the glove-making industry.
C. Because of the introduction of new trade laws.
D. Because of a new fashion in scented gloves.
106. What does the word “putrid” in paragraph 3 mean?
A. Bad-smelling B. Rare C. Prestigious D. Numerous
107. In paragraph 4, it is implied that________
A. master glove and perfume makers created a new perfume each week.
B. the Royal Court only bought perfume from masters.
C. mercers, spicers and other traders began to call themselves masters.
D. cosmetics were still only popular within the Royal Courts.
108. What is implied about the New York perfume industry?
A. It was the fastest-growing perfume industry in the world at that time.
B. It was primarily developed by immigrants arriving from France.
C. It copied luxury fragrances and sold them cheaply.
D. There was a wider range of fragrances available here than elsewhere.
Your answers:
102. 103. 104. 105. 106. 107. 108.

IV. WRITING (60/200 points)

Part 1. (25 points)
The charts below show what UK graduate and postgraduate students who did not go into full-
time work did after leaving college in 2008.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make
comparisons where relevant.

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Part 2. (35 points)
Write an essay on the following topic:
People nowadays sleep less than they used to in the past. What do you think is the reason
behind this? What are the effects on individuals and people around them?
You should use your own ideas, knowledge and experience and support your arguments with
examples and relevant evidence. Write at least 250 words.
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