Universidad Santo Tomás

MECANISMOS

Velocidad Relativa
Mateo Úsuga Úsuga

BOGOTÁ D.C

10/10/21
2021
 Para la cortadora manual mostrada en la figura use el
método de velocidad relativa para determinar la
velocidad angular requerida del mango de longitud a,
para pasar la hoja de corte a través del metal a una
velocidad de V mm/s. Calcule asimismo la velocidad
lineal del punto X

𝑎 = 195 𝑚𝑚
𝑣 = 3,8 𝑚𝑚/𝑠

B
D 3
A

1
4
𝑀 =3 4−1 −2 4 −0
𝑀=1
𝐴 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑒𝑙 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑎
𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑚á𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑜 ℎ𝑒𝑐ℎ𝑜 𝑒𝑛 𝐴𝑢𝑡𝑜𝐶𝑎𝑑 2020
 25°
60
° 30
40

75
0
10
195
𝑆𝑒 𝑎𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑖𝑜 𝑙𝑎 𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎 ℎ𝑜𝑗𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑒 𝑒𝑛 𝐶𝐶𝑊

𝑉𝐵 = 𝑉𝐶 + 𝑉𝐵/𝐶

𝑀𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑎 𝑠𝑒 𝑜𝑏𝑡𝑢𝑣𝑜 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑

𝑚𝑚
𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑒 𝐵 𝑒𝑠 4,039 , 𝑒𝑛 𝑙𝑎 𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑔𝑒𝑛 𝑒𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑢𝑛 40,39
𝑠
𝑑𝑒𝑏𝑖𝑑𝑜 𝑎 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑢𝑛𝑎 𝑒𝑠𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑎 𝑑𝑒 10: 1
𝑉𝐵 𝑉𝐵
𝑤𝐵 = 𝑤𝐵 =
𝑟 𝑟
4,039 𝑚𝑚/𝑠 4,039 𝑚𝑚/𝑠
𝑤𝐵 = 𝑤𝐵 =
60𝑚𝑚 195 + 30 𝑚𝑚
𝑤𝐵 = 0,0673 𝑟𝑎𝑑/𝑠 𝑤𝐵 = 0,01795 𝑟𝑎𝑑/𝑠

L𝑎 𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑑𝑎 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑜 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜 𝑎𝑙 𝑝𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑜

𝑝𝑖𝑣𝑜𝑡𝑒 𝑒𝑠 𝑑𝑒 0,0673 𝑟𝑎𝑑/𝑠"
L𝑎 𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑑𝑎 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑜 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜 𝑎𝑙 𝑝𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑜
𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑥 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑜 𝑒𝑠 𝑑𝑒 0,01795 𝑟𝑎𝑑/𝑠"
VB= Vc+ VB/c 2
39
40,
B 40,
39

VB
38

Vc
42
,17

4 A
3 1
C
D
 𝑃𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑒𝑙 𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑝𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑥 𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑠
𝑙𝑎 𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑣𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑒

𝑉𝑋 = 𝑉𝐵 + 𝑉𝑋/𝐵

𝑀𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑎 𝑠𝑒 𝑜𝑏𝑡𝑢𝑣𝑜 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑

𝑚𝑚
𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑝𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑥 𝑒𝑠 18,188 , 𝑒𝑛 𝑙𝑎 𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑔𝑒𝑛 𝑒𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠
𝑠
𝑢𝑛 181,88 𝑑𝑒𝑏𝑖𝑑𝑜 𝑎 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑢𝑛𝑎 𝑒𝑠𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑎 𝑑𝑒 10: 1
 VB= Vc+ VB/c 2
39
40,
B 40,
39

VB
38

Vc
42
,17

4 A
Vx/B 3 1
C
Vx D
88
1,
18

Vx= VB+ Vx/B

Método analítico

25°
65°
65°

𝑇𝑒𝑛𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝑒𝑛 𝑐𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎 𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑒 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑢𝑙𝑜 𝑦 𝑙𝑎 𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑣𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑙

𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑠
𝑉𝐵 = 𝑉𝐶 + 𝑉𝐵/𝐶

VB
65°

Vc
 ∅
4
3
C
D Escriba aquí la ecuación. VB
∅ Vc
𝑆𝑎𝑏𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑎𝑚𝑏𝑜𝑠 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑢𝑙𝑜𝑠 ∅ 𝑠𝑜𝑛 𝑙𝑜𝑠 𝑚𝑖𝑠𝑚𝑜 𝑝𝑜𝑟 𝑙𝑜 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑜
𝑢𝑠𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑙𝑎 𝑓𝑖𝑔𝑢𝑟𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑎𝑟𝑟𝑖𝑏𝑎 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑝𝑜𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑑𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑟 𝑒𝑠𝑒 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑢𝑙𝑜
𝑦 𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟 𝑙𝑎 𝑚𝑎𝑦𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑢𝑙𝑜𝑠 𝑑𝑒 𝑛𝑢𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑜 𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑢𝑙𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑𝑒𝑠

B 40,
39
60
0
10

65°
𝛽 𝐵2 A
3 1
𝐵1

D 75

𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑜𝑐𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑒𝑙 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑢𝑙𝑜 𝑑𝑒 65° 𝑑𝑒𝑏𝑖𝑑𝑜 𝑎 𝑞𝑢𝑒

𝑒𝑙 𝑎𝑛á𝑙𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑠 ℎ𝑒𝑐ℎ𝑜 𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒 𝑎𝑑𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑠
𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑜𝑐𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑎𝑙𝑔𝑢𝑛𝑜𝑠 𝑙𝑎𝑑𝑜𝑠 𝑑𝑎𝑑𝑜𝑠 𝑝𝑜𝑟 𝑒𝑙
𝑒𝑗𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑜
𝑆𝑎𝑏𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑙𝑎𝑠 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒𝑠 𝐵1 𝑌 𝐵2 𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑎𝑛 75 𝑚𝑚

B 40,
39

𝐵1 𝐵2

60
𝑆𝑒𝑛 𝛽 = 𝐶𝑜𝑠 65 =
100 60

0
10
65°
𝛽 𝐵2 A
3 1
𝐵1

D 75

𝐵2 𝐵1
𝐶𝑜𝑠 65 = 𝑆𝑒𝑛 𝛽 =
60 100
60 𝐶𝑜𝑠 65 = 𝐵2
100 ∗ 𝑆𝑒𝑛 𝛽 = 𝐵1
25,35 = 𝐵2
𝐵1 + 𝐵2 = 75

25,35 + 100 𝑆𝑒𝑛 𝛽 = 75

100 𝑆𝑒𝑛 𝛽 = 75 − 25,35
49,65
𝑆𝑒𝑛 𝛽 =
100
𝛽 = 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑜0,4965

𝛽 = 30°
𝑇𝑒𝑛𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝑒𝑠𝑒 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑢𝑙𝑜 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑐𝑒𝑑𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑢𝑖𝑟 𝑒𝑙 𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑢𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒
𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑢𝑙𝑜

𝑉𝑐 = 3,8
∅ 1,9

30°

𝑜𝑝𝑢𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑜
𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑜 30 =
3,8
𝑜𝑝𝑢𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑜 = 3,8 ∗ 𝑠𝑒𝑛 30
𝑜𝑝𝑢𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑜 = 1,9
𝐿𝑢𝑒𝑔𝑜 ℎ𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 ∅
1,9
cos ∅ =
3,8
∅ = 60°

VB
65°

60°
Vc
𝐸𝑙 𝑜𝑡𝑟𝑜 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑢𝑙𝑜 𝑙𝑜 𝑑𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑢𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒
𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎

𝛾 = 180 − (60 + 65)

𝛾 = 55

VB
65°
55°

60°
Vc

𝑃𝑜𝑟 𝑙𝑒𝑦 𝑑𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑠 𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑞𝑢𝑒

3,8 𝑉𝐵
=
𝑆𝑒𝑛𝑜 55 𝑆𝑒𝑛𝑜 60

𝑆𝑒𝑛𝑜 60 ∗ 3,8
= 𝑉𝐵
𝑆𝑒𝑛𝑜 55

4,017 𝑚𝑚/𝑠 = 𝑉𝐵

4,017 𝑚𝑚/𝑠
𝑤𝐵 =
60𝑚𝑚
𝑤𝐵 = 0,0669 𝑟𝑎𝑑/𝑠
 𝐿𝑢𝑒𝑔𝑜 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 ℎ𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑙𝑎 𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑎𝑙 𝑒𝑛 𝑒𝑙 𝑝𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑥
𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑙𝑎 𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑣𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑑𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑜

𝑉𝑋 = 𝑉𝐵 + 𝑉𝑋/𝐵
39
40,

∅ 𝐴𝑛𝑔𝑢𝑙𝑜 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒
𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑢𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒 vb 65
°
𝑓𝑖𝑔𝑢𝑟𝑎
55°

38
60
° vc

𝐸𝑛 𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑒 𝑐𝑎𝑠𝑜 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑐𝑒𝑑𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑠 ℎ𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑙𝑜𝑠 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑢𝑙𝑜𝑠 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑛𝑜𝑠

𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑛𝑢𝑒𝑣𝑜 𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑢𝑙𝑜 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑠𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑜 𝑎 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑟 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛
𝑣𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑙
 195

40°
2
∅ 𝐴𝑛𝑔𝑢𝑙𝑜 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒
𝑎𝑙 𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑢𝑙𝑜 𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑𝑒𝑠 B 40,
39

90

4 A

𝑇𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑒𝑙 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑢𝑙𝑜 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑛𝑜 𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑎

180 − 40 = 140°

195

140°
90
∅

𝐸𝑙 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑢𝑙𝑜 ∅ 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑠𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎 𝑒𝑠 𝑒𝑙 𝑚𝑖𝑠𝑚𝑜 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑠𝑒 𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎 𝑒𝑛

𝑒𝑙 𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑢𝑙𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑𝑒𝑠
 𝐿4 = 1952 + 902 − 2 195 30 cos(140)

𝐿4 = 270,21

195

140°
90
∅

270,21 195
=
𝑠𝑒𝑛 140 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑜 ∅
∅ = 27,63°

𝐴 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑒𝑙 𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑢𝑙𝑜𝑠 𝑑𝑒 𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑𝑒𝑠

𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝑒𝑛 𝑐𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎 𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑒 𝑛𝑢𝑒𝑣𝑜 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑢𝑙𝑜
 4,017 𝑚𝑚/𝑠 = 𝑉𝐵

𝑉𝑋
7,37 °

𝛽 = 180 − 145 + 27,63 = 7,37 °

𝑉𝑥 4,017
=
𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑜 145° 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑜 7,37°

𝑉𝑥 = 17,96 𝑚𝑚/𝑠