Mole concept & Stoichiometry

Mole concept
Relative molecular mass - Mr
For covalent compounds, no units
Mass of one molecule: sum of relative atomic masses of the constituent elements

Relative Formula mass - Mr

ionic compound

Relative Atomic Mass - Ar

average mass of an atom → O = 16 (usually doesnt exist irl)

Relative - no units
Mole - Avogadro's Number:
Definition: 1 mole of any substance contains 6.02 x 10^23 particles (molecules)
Molar mass:
1 Ar unit: 1.660539 x 10^-24 grams (mass of a proton)
Mr - molar mass - (g/mol) has units!
Empirical and molecular formulae:
Empirical formula of a compound:

types of elements in it

simplest whole number ratio

How to find empirical formula:

Mole concept & Stoichiometry 1

 Molecular formula:
(Ax By)n
n = relative molecular mass/Mr from empirical formula
Molar gas volume:
1 dm3 = 1000cm3

molar volume is dm3/mol

24 dm3 mol^-1 is the molar gas volume of any gas at r.t.p (basically 1 mol of any gas is
24dm3 at room temp)

Solutions:
concentration: amt of solute dissolved in a solution

(g/dm^3) or (mol/dm^3)

Mole concept & Stoichiometry 2

 Stoichiometry
Problems involving reacting masses(solid/liquid) and gases:

1. write a balanced chemical equation

2. calculate no. of moles of known substance

3. use mole ratio to find the number of moles of unknown substance

4. calculate mass of the solid/volume of gas

Problems involving reacting gases only:

1. write a balanced chemical equation

2. Find the volume ratio of the unknown gas to known gas from the mole ratio

3. calculate the volume of unknown gas

Mole concept & Stoichiometry 3

 *volume ratio = mole ratio (for gases)

Mole concept & Stoichiometry 4