O & A leVel Business with TaYYaB Elahi [econ ria oe Beh Ley wk Ct ek ek Peete eke) eens ean ese SU) BY re octo tel ee CC eaN In MS Rene reese) eb ce etc Toasty Po ai oC eee oman ce aC aaa oniooe a ALN Employee Productivity = Total output/No of workers Ce Rr eoA ee ree LTC yey y per eee - a ‘ 11 Leo etaslelrteCooe com T Eason atc CN A 7 ee Cetrrecentd gas Sem Cee Rec oe ae "4 Margin of safety = Current output - break-even AY, Output for required profit = (fixed cogfS F requiredjprofit)/contribution Se eae ee ier eer me | Pavia Perens in ec a, Noo en Profit/loss (marginal va Gross profit = rae oe Brod D (Meonriouin Brutehiecaceaiss Pare oe a Pets Cay i 7, ah > ecniesy PC eNC our cere snarled | ce 1% Patil Rpmines = foesieere heer tyes by fern artes SRO SUS Ge mECCB Lael) oe ment fomagata el sitts commuter tinly Comm nl econ e ieemteventeoa ct (eo A Coa ty ae} ( Melee: ere mesmo tele let tela ‘Net Assets = Non-currentassets + working capital For any queries press the “send massage” button on my Facebook page: Tayyab Elahi www.facebook.com /OALevelsBusiness/O & A leVel Business with TaYYaB Elahi CTU Bn ystems Capital employed = shareholder funds + non-current liabilities Shareholder funds = equity capital + retained profits Cees ane emg once a (0) Profit margin (%) = profit / revenue x 100 Feo NCO Sm OUTER None eaeU) Perce VCE eee yal dea Cle el loan/(oan + equity) x 100 { Asset turnover ratio = sales revenue ffeYassets 7 Stratis meaty ome iCled co Oe sale¥fi nygntory NON RUS mt Caen pata) Doerr Red a v0. receivables/sales revenue x 365 ey aaa ed ry Prvcl. os Frenette ra ered i: Se profit after tax/number of ordinary shares city a 8 Pe Ce eds Get ieee en cae rcs Dividend A (uaa eTOeCReC ener Teint teg Tne aan ic Deen Goy Mite se etcc) Dividend yild (%) = dividend per share/market price per share x 100 pC eaves Seer om chemo e hy CCUE ICE Nieto eee LT cme Ron ene eGR Tira Ie leCacaeae ener cco mee UC Ric ete eet Bees ees Celol ce mcent bey For any queries press the “send message” button on my Facebook page: Tayyab Elahi www.facebook.com /OALevelsBusiness/O & A leVel Business with TaYYaB Elahi CACC CCT senate) sata te cerca se Cate cyatt sccm Fee goa tC Oc) aCce oC Te eRe Morse Um TE neces C0) Present value = future cash inflow x respective discount factor Rae CO aS Y Rosas ecenar Cac re teee Meee i U o, 1d eee beret terete IW A \ 4 (Oy (net present value/no of years) /initial oa 'ay' \ Earliest start time (EST) = EST of the preceding noyle #Wuration of the following activity (take greater value as@hswer if i fieer menor Cat tag ola) A la) q Peterson ACh ey Ey Rt fe Gr ere erties preceding activity (take UO Nal oma toaen Moen ccrrceitts s an a AY; activity). ys f Pea eT ees Orr's activity » duration of current activity - EST of current activity , Si b 4 Ss Bor) Ries Oia vans activity - EST of currentactivity Li A... : 3 bates al fa aut EU Ree er Teen a crac oi Ae crete et ie eneen Io Len arn pcrnte tte spending Y Income elasticity of demand = % change in Qd/% Change in income Centered-moving average = (4 quarter moving total + next 4 quarter moving [Ole PAO e (Ciena neat ocean eee ara oer e4 For any queries press the “send massage” button on my Facebook page: Tayyab Elahi www.facebook.com /OALevelsBusiness/O & A leVel Business with TaYYaB Elahi Reece ree Col eo Caer il emeritus eet Average seasonal variation = sum of seasonal variations for the particular season/the number of times the season is repeated in the data eet Cee co eocte TRC ee corel ee RRM ne eur enn ae RTS od Genco steers a hese ae ee eae message” button on my Facebook page: Tayyab Elahi eae www.facebook.com /OALevelsBusiness/