file giai bai dao

Give n> 1, n is an integer , F n is the number n of Fermat number . p is a random prime divisor of F n

proof :a , p ≡1 ( mod 2n+1 )

b ,if n>2 then p≡ 1 ( mod 2 )

¿ n+2

n n+1
2 2
a , we have 2 +1 ⋮ p → 2 ≡1 ( mod p )
n +1
put t is∨d p ( 2 ) so we have 2 ⋮ t∧we get ( 2 , p ) =1 so by Fermat theorem

2 p−1 ≡ 1 ( mod p ) → t ∨p−1

put t =2 x ( 0 ≤ x ≤ 2n+1 )

case 1: x ≤ n→ p|2x −1|22 −1 but 22 +1 ⋮ p → p∨2(wrong )

n n

n+1 n +1
→ x=2 so we get p−1 ⋮2
B, we have n>2 → p−1⋮ 8 so p ≡1 ( mod 8 )
n+ 1 n

→ by perfect square∃ x that x 2 ≡2 ( mod 8 ) → x 2 ≡ 22 ( mod p )

so we can solve this case by put ord of p →Q . E . D ¿
giai de tren mang
de hai duong

f ( xf ( y ) + f ( y )+ f ( x ) ) = y + ( y +1 ) f ( x )

P ( 00 ) f ( 2 f ( 0 ) ) =f ( 0 )

ta co f don anh , thay y=0 ta co f ( xf ( 0 )+ f ( 0 ) + f ( x) ) =f ( x ) suy ra xf ( 0 ) +f ( 0 ) + f (x )=x

f ( x + yf ( x + y ) )= y + f ( x ) f ( y )
2

thayy=0 tacof ( x )=f ( x ) f ( 0 )

xet TH 1 f dong nhat 0 ta thay ko thoar man
f ( 0 )=1 , thay y=−xtaco
2
1=x + f ( x ) f (−x )

x=0 tacof ( yf ( y ) ) =f ( y ) + y y
2

2 2
y bang x ta co f (x + xf (2 x ))=x + f ( x)
giasutontaiakhac 0 saochof ( a )=1

thayx=0 , y=ataco 1=a 2+1 suyraa=0 vayf ( a )=1 khichikhia=0

tu f ( x ) f (−x )=1−x 2 ta suy ra ton tai a ∈ {1 ,−1 } sao cho f ( a )=0

thay x=x , y bang a ta co f ( x +af ( x+ a ) ) =a2=1 suy ra x + af ( x +a )=0 suy ra f ( x ) =ax +c .Thu lai ta thay f ( x )=1−x
bai day so hoc quoc hoc hue :

a 1=6 , an +1=a3n −a2n −5 an tim so nguyen ¿ p sao cho p ≡3 ( mod 4 ) va a2023 chia het cho p
phuong phap lam ta se tru di 2 ve 1hang so de dua ve dang sau :
a n+1−c=( an −c ) ( … )

roi ta se lui ve so hang dau tien , sau do dung dong du de giai ( co the dung thang du binh phuong )

olp≤hong phong
chung minh luoon ton tai so nguyen ¿ p de n< p< n !
xet so nguyen x >1 bat ki sao cho x ≤ n .
tathay n! ⋮ x va gcd ( n !−1 , x )=1 nen ta co n!−1 co 1 uoc nguyen ¿ p lon hon n
→ n< p<n !−1<n ! suy ra QED
de huong toi olp30.4 binhlong
2
2021 n
bai 2:cho a1= va an +1=an +2 √ an +
2020 an

hoi co ton tai n sao cho ∑

[ ] i
ai
=2020 hay khon g ?

2 2 2
ta se di quy nap rang n < an < ( n+1 ) bang viec xet an+1− ( n+1 ) tu do ta cm duoc day co gioi han

1 1 1
( )
ta dichung minh ∑ → vo cung bang bat dang thuc > ln 1+ =ln ( n+1 )−ln ( n )
i n n
i 1 n n 1
thi ta co > > ≥
dat s n=∑ ai n a n ( n+1 ) 4 n ¿
2

¿
1
khi do ta co s n > ¿
4
→ voi moi snd mthi luonton tai n sao cho s no ≥ m
goi sno la so nho nhat sao cho sno ≥ mkhi do ta co s no−1< m

no
khi do ta phai co s n 0 ≤ m+1 boi vineu khong thi ta co =s −s >1
ano no no−1

vi vay ta co tat ca moi so nguyen duong deu xuat hien trong day cn

f ( f ( x )− y )=f ( x )+ y f ( y )−2 f ( xy )
2 2 2

y=0ta co f ( f ( x ) )=f ( x ) −2 f ( 0 )
2

thay x= y =1ta co f ( f (1 )−1 )=0 nen ton tai a sao cho f ( b ) =0

P ( b , 0 ) : f ( b2 ) =3 a , dat f ( 0 )=a ta co f ( a )=−a

P ( 0 , y ) : f ( a− y 2) = y 2 . f ( y ) −a

thay y=− y : f ( a− y )= y . f (− y ) nen ta co ham chan

2 2

thay x= y =b ta co f ( b2 ) =0 nen ta co a=0 nen f ( y 2 )= y 2 f ( y )

thay x=b , y= y ta co f ( 2 by )=0 voimoi i nen f ( x ) ≡ 0 voi moi x ( day la TH b khac 0 )

TH con lai f ( x )=0 khi va chi khi x =0 :ta co f ( y 2 )= y 2 . f ( y ) nen ta thay vao gia thiet x= y ta co

f ( f ( y )− y ) =f ( y ) + y f ( y )−2 f ( y ) nen ta co f ( y )− y =0 nen taco ham thoaman

2 2 2 2 2

Bai toan tiep theo : De quoc hoc Hue

da thuc quoc hoc hue day 2
2
( x−1 ) P ( x +1 )=( x +2 ) P ( x ) va [ P ( 22 ) ] =23

thay x=1 ta co P ( 1 )=0 , thay x=−2 ta co P (−1 ) =0 nen dat P ( x )=( x−1 ) ( x +1 ) Q ( x )
thay vao taco ( x−1 ) ( x+ 2 ) x .Q ( x+ 1 )=( x+ 2 )( x−1 ) ( x+ 1 ) Q ( x )
x .Q ( x+1 )=( x+1 ) Q ( x ) den day ta co x =0 la 1 nghiem cuaQ ( x ) …. .
bc ca ac 81 abc
bai 1bdt : a , b , c> 0thoa mana+ b+C=1 tim min P= + + +
a b b 4

do daubang tai a=b=c nen taco the di chung minh f ( a , b , c ) ≥ f a , ( c +b c +b

2
,
2 )
den day tu lam :¿
cau 3 : cho A la 1 tap huu han sao cho ∃ ( an ) lay gia tri trong A sao cho thoa man tinh chat voi

moi i , j∈ N ¿ sao cho|i− j|la so nguyen¿ thi ai khac a j .Tim so phan tunhat co the cua A .