DISASTER

READINESS AND
RISK REDUCTION
QUARTER FOUR
WEEK TWO

Submitted to : Ms. Hannah Mae C. Jacosalem

Submitted by: Claire Dayne Noela L. Ansula
Grade 11- Alcala
Option 1: Essay
Direction: Answer the questions base on the facts that is being discussed on the lesson.
1. Why is the Philippines prone to tropical cyclones or storms?

Our country, the Philippines, is well-known for being one of the world's
most disaster-prone countries. Its islands are often damaged by floods, typhoons,
landslides, earthquakes, volcanoes, and droughts since they are located near the
boundary of major tectonic plates and at the middle of a typhoon belt. According
to what I learned in the module, the Philippines has a variety of weather systems
throughout both the dry and rainy seasons. These many weather systems are
tremendous forces of nature that can cause disasters by producing several
hydrometeorological hazards. Hydrometeorological hazards include atmospheric,
hydrologic, or oceanic processes that result in the loss of life, injury or other
health effects, property damage, loss of livelihoods and services, social and
economic upheaval, and environmental harm. The most common
hydrometeorological hazards as defined by the National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) are cyclone, typhoon, thunderstorm, flood,
storm surge, El Niño and La Niňa.

2. How does the El Niño phenomenon affect agricultural production?

El Niño is caused by rising sea surface temperatures in the Pacific and can
have an impact on air and sea currents. This occurrence resulted in less rainfall,
which caused dry periods, droughts, and greater typhoons. We all know that El
Niño has an impact on agricultural productivity since it interrupts typical weather
patterns. Over the past decades, frequent El Niño events have been observed and
pose great threat to biodiversity. The prevailing El Niño will push up food prices
and affect livestock production. Low rainfall and increased temperatures will lead
to reduced agricultural output. Aside from that, changes in these factors impacted
marine creatures, resulting in increased phytoplankton biomass and extensive
coral bleaching, as well as fish deaths, the appearance of seaweed diseases, and
risks to marine animals. It influenced pelagic fish, causing migration or changes
in capture productivity.

3. What are the best thing to do in facing different hydrometeorological hazard?

I believe that we cannot prevent these various hydrometeorological

hazards from occurring, but we can reduce their severity if we understand why
they occur and what we can do to prevent or mitigate them. A hazard, as we all
know, is a source or situation that has the potential to inflict harm in the form of
 human injury or disease, property damage, socioeconomic upheaval, or
environmental degradation. In my opinion, the best thing to do when confronted
with various hydrometeorological hazards is to first be safe. It is very important to
be mindful of our surroundings and be aware of all the hazards. The next thing is
to always be prepared. We are all aware that hydrometeorological hazards can be
fatal; thus, being prepared is vital in order to mitigate their effects. Disasters are
an inescapable fact of life in the modern world, preventable yet absolutely
unavoidable. Disasters are an inevitable part of life in our complicated globalized,
industrialized, and civilized society; thus, planning and preparation are critical for
meeting obstacles. Then, keep an eye on weather reports for the most up-to-date
information on the tropical cyclone (storm signal numbers or storm surge alert) or
monsoon. Lastly, stay indoors as much as possible if you are in an area
immediately affected by the threat. When necessary, evacuate and bring your
emergency supplies kit. Always remember that people should do planning,
organizing, coordinating and implementing measures to prevent and to manage
these hazards effectively.

4. Why do you need to know on how to interpret hydrometeorological hazard maps?

I need to know how to interpret hydrometeorological hazard maps in order

to widen my understanding about the environment in which we live. I believe that
these maps provide important information to help people understand the risks of
natural hazards and to help mitigate disasters. Hazard maps show the scope of
expected risk areas and can be integrated with disaster management information
like evacuation locations and routes. A Multiple Hazard Map (MHM) assists the
planning team in analyzing all hazards for susceptibility and risk when a region is
exposed to more than one. By making it easier to comprehend danger information,
it enhances the possibility that it will be employed in decision-making The
importance of hydrometeorological hazard maps is that they may provide disaster
information by connecting three factors. These components include possible
disasters in the city, city vulnerability, and the responsibilities and capacities of
communities, non-governmental organizations, and governments.

5. As a learner, how can you help the community in times of natural calamities that
may arise?

As a grade 11 student, I can help my community  in times of natural

calamities  by simply listening to and obeying the orders of the authorities. I will
do all in my power to assist others in my community. Communities all over the
world have taught us that having the right knowledge, skills and attitudes to be
prepared for, respond to, and recover from, disasters can mean the difference
between life and death. People are exposed to a variety of risks, which might
 result in sufferings, temporary setbacks, or long-term disasters. Aside from that, I
will raise awareness among others and provide knowledge that will be valuable
during natural disasters. I will convey positivity and raise hopes for all those
afflicted families. Lastly, I will emphasize the need of emergency management
procedures such as prevention, mitigation, preparation, response, and recovery in
every community.

Option 2: BKWL Chart:

Direction: Fill in the K and W columns before the lesson. Fill in the L column after the lesson.
Use the rubric provided in answering the chart.

K W

My new idea about fire triangle What I have known about fire triangle

I have learned that fire hazards can occur
anywhere because the three components of
fire are present everywhere: fuel, heat, and
oxygen. The fire triangle, or combustion
triangle, is the three components needed to
ignite and sustain a fire. If only one of these
components is removed, the fire triangle
collapses and the fire goes out. To burn, fire
requires a fuel source or combustible
substance. Fuel might be solid (wood, paper,
plastic), liquid (gasoline, kerosene, acetone),
or gas (methane, propane, acetylene).
Different fuels burn at different rates. Heat,
on the other hand, is required to initiate and
sustain the combustion process. When
flammable vapor mixes with air (oxygen) and
is ignited by a spark or flame, combustion
occurs. In essence, combustion occurs when
the ignition temperature (heat) of the fuel (any
substance) is attained. Lastly, oxygen
accounts for around 21% of the air we
breathe. The interaction between oxygen and
combustible vapors emitted by fuels produces
heat. The magnitude of the fire, whether it is
going to be explosive or flammable, depends
on the ratio between the oxygen and fuel.
In my seventeen years of existence, I have
come to feel that fire may be deadly if not
properly controlled. Fire has a fascinating
influence in that it encourages transformation.
When an ancient forest reaches the conclusion
of its life cycle, when the trees are huge and
block a lot of light from reaching the ground,
the forest is ripe for a fire. This is the natural
course of a forest, as awful as it is. Following
a fire, the majority of the larger trees will
have fallen, providing plants and animals with
a new home. This will also improve access to
light in that area, allowing numerous new
plants to develop in the locations where the
trees once stood. Another nice result of a fire
is that we are able to cook food, allowing us
to get greater benefit from what we eat. We
also use fire not just to cook food for now, but
with the heat and smoke we prepare food for
tomorrow, or the next month or farther even.
However, fire has negative consequences,
including a risk to life and property.
 L

What I have learned on the effects and elements of a fire triangle

I have learned that fire has elements as well as effects. The fire triangle, or combustion
triangle, is the three components needed to ignite and sustain a fire and these components are
fuel, heat and oxygen. Moreover, fire in its most common form can result in conflagration,
which has the potential to cause physical damage through burning. Fire is an important process
that affects ecological systems around the globe. The positive effects of fire include
stimulating growth and maintaining various ecological systems. Its negative consequences
include danger to life and property, air pollution, and water contamination. If a fire destroys
protecting plants, heavy rains may enhance soil erosion by water. Fire may be quite
destructive. They cause property damage, injuries, environmental degradation, and, in some
cases, fatalities. Therefore, it is consequently critical that everyone is knowledgeable about fire
safety and prepared to deal with them.

Reflection of the week:

The first lesson I have learned this week is all about signs of impending
hydrometeorological hazards. The United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNISDR)
defines hydrometeorological hazards as processes of an atmospheric, hydrologic, or
oceanographic nature that result in the loss of lives, injury or other health impacts, property
damage, loss of livelihoods and services, social and economic disruption, and environmental
damage. The most common hydrometeorological hazards as defined by the National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) are cyclone, typhoon, thunderstorm, flood, storm surge, El
Niño and La Niňa. I learned about meteorological instruments and their applications, including
thermometers, humidity sensors, atmospheric sensors, wind speed sensors, rain gauges, wind
vanes, and hail pads. The following lesson I learned this week is about the elements of a fire
triangle. The fire triangle, often known as the combustion triangle, refers to the three elements
required to start and sustain a fire. Heat, fuel, and oxygen are the three components of a fire
triangle. If just one of these components is removed, the fire triangle will collapse and the fire
will be extinguished. I've also learned about the fire tetrahedron, a little more sophisticated
model for describing the components required to start and sustain a fire. The fire tetrahedron
combines the three components of the fire triangle, as well as a chemical chain reaction. I had a
lot of fun completing all of the tasks in this module, and I can honestly say that it helped me
grasp the lesson better. I am eager to pass on my knowledge of this subject to future generations.