Definition and Basic Properties Section 4.2 Chapter 4. Vector Spaces Section 4.2 1. yes; (i) the sum of two diagonal matrices is diagonal; the rest of the axioms follow from theorem 151 no; (iv) not every diagonal matrix has a multiplicative inverse, no: (iv) if (2,4) EV, y <0 then (—z,-y) ¢ V since -y > 0; (vi) does not hold if'a <0 and y < 0. ‘no; (iv) if (2, y) is strictly in the first quadrant, then (—x, -y) is in the third quadrant; (vi) does not hold ifa <0. 5. yess (i) (2.212) + (viaa) = (e+ mez + yz + v) E Vi il) (00,0) € V; (iv) if (2, 2)2) € V, then (-#,-2,-2) € V; (vi) a(z,2,2) = (az,az,az) € V; the rest of the axioms follow from theorem 151 no; (i) 2* = x* = 0; (ii) 0g V yes; the axioms follow from theorems 1.9.1 and 1.5.1 v= 0.(35)+(95)= (san? 0)s@ (00) €vs9(86) = (aa) € Mi tere of the axioms follow from theorem 1.5.1. m0 (38)+(19)=(se*9) «v0 (8) en9-($9)-(Sa) en coo($t)=($¢t) ertens 10. yes; it is a trivial vector space. 11. yes; (i) the sum of two polynomials with a zero constant term will have a zero constant term: (iti) 0 € V; (iv) if p(z) € V, then —p(2) € V; (vi) ap(z) has a zero constant term for every scalar ar the rest of the axioms follow from the usual rules of addition and scalar multiplication of polynomials. 12. no; (ii) 0 ¢ V5 (iv) if p(z) € V, then —p(2) ¢ V since it does not have a positive constant term; does not hold if'@ < 0. i) if f € V and g € V, then f +g is continuous and f(0) + 9(0) = f(1) + 9(1) = 0; (il) 0 € V; (iv) if f € V, then —f is continuous and (—f)(0) = (—f)(1) = 0; the rest of the axioms follow from. the usual rules of adding functions and multiplying them by real numbers. 14. yew; (i) t1(a,b,€) + t2(a,b,¢) = (by + f2)(4,8,€) € V; (ii) (0,0,0) € V5 (iv) if (a, 8,7) = (a,b,c) €Y, then (-a, -2,~) = (-)(a,0,¢) € V5 (vi = (at)(a,b,¢) € V for every @ € R; the rest of the axioms follow from section 1.5, 15. no; (i) for example, (1,0,—1)+ (2,2, 0) = (3,2, ~1) is not on the line; (iii) (0, 0,0) ¢ V; (iv) (~1,0,1) is not on the line; (vi) (2,0, ~2) is not on the line. 16, no; (vil) if « # 1, then i) a(x+y) = a((e1,22) + (n.9)) = (az +0n +0,02 +0" +@) #axtay = (ar; +0n.a2+ an +1); (iil (04 Bx = (0+ P)n1,(0+ Dz») fart px=((0+8)z +1,(a+A)z+1)