H.Q. Mitchell | coy’) top eee LSMODULES MODULE7 MODULEG MODULES MODULE4 = MODULES. MODULE 2 MODULE 4. te) 1 omy) SFU USES Contents Unit 1 Present Simple Adverbs of frequency / Prepositions of time / How often...?. Unit 2 Present Progressive Present Simple vs Present Progressive / Stative verbs . Unit 3. Countable ~ Uncountable Nouns Some ~ Any ~ No ~ Every and their compounds Unit 4 Personal Pronouns / Possessive Adjectives / Possessive Pronouns / Possessive Case. Revision Module 1 units 1-4 Unit 5 Past Simple / Past Simple of the verb be / The verb could Unit 6 Past Progressive / Past Simple — Past Progressive. Unit 7 Adverbs of manner The verb used to. Revision Module 2 Units 5-7 Unit 8 Can —Could - May - Might Let's - How about... — Why don't we/you.. Unit 9 Prepositions of place / Prepositions of movement. Unit 10 Comparative Form — Superlative Form / as... as Which... Revision Module 3 Units 8-10 . Unit 11. Zero Conditional Future going to. Unit 42 Future Will Conditional Sentences Type 4 Revision Module 4 Units 11.12 Unit 13 Present Perfect Simple Unit 14 Present Perfect Simple with How long...? / for / since Present Perfect Simple vs Past Simpl Revision Module 5 Units 13-14 Unit 15. Too - Enough / One - Ones Unit 16 . How much... ? - How many... 2 Much ~ Many ~ A lot of ~ Lots of - Loads of ~ A little - A few 77 Unit 17. Relative Pronouns (who / which / that) . Unit 18 Must / Have to..... Revision Module 6 Units 15-18 Unit 19 The verb should Question Tags. Unit 20 Infinitive / ing form... Revision Module 7 Units 19-20. Unit 21 Both — All— Neither ~ None / So ~ Neither 100 Unit 22 Passive Voice (Present Simple ~ Past Revision Module 8 Units 21-22. Irregular verbs ......Present Simple - Adverbs of frequency - Prepositions of time - How often...? Marion Jenkins is a reporter for CHANNEL 3. She's doing a survey on ‘Teenage lives’ and she's asking Dina Myers some questions. Match the questions (1-3) with the answers (a-c). How often do you hang out with your) = (a. No way! | always help my brother with his friends? What do you usually do? homework in the afternoons and he tidies my room for me! mr b. Every day after school, But | never do homework on Sundays! (When do you study for school? WBE c. Twice a week we go to our favourite ~ i . fish and chip shop or to the cinema, = r We enjoy it a lot! Grammar | Present Simple Affirmative Negative / FULFoRMS SHORT FORMS I play To nat play {dont play He/She/tt plays | He/She/It does not play | He/She/lt doesn't play We/You/They play | We/You/They do not play | We/You/They don't play Questions Short Answers Do | play? Yes, | do. No, | don't Does he/she/It play? | Yes, he/she/it does. | No, he/she/it doesn't. Do we/you/they play? | Yes, we/you/they do. | No, we/you,/they don’In the third person singular (he-she-it) the verb takes the ending -s. He works She writes __It eats. Verbs which end in -8s, = ~%, -0, take -es. Itelax-He relaxes 1.go-She goes. watch - It watches Verbs which end in a consonant + y change the y to i and take -es. I fly -He flies Verbs which end in a vowel + y simply take -s. | play - She plays ** for habits or actions that happen reste ‘on Monday/Tuesday, etc. i peconitorery evenke in the momning/afternoon/evening, etc. * for permanent situations. ‘every day/Monday/week/month/year, etc. ira are ee tara at the weekend / at 8:00, etc. always, usually, often, sometimes, rarely, never once/twice/three times a week/day, etc. © aaverbs of frequency ‘+ We use adverbs of frequency to talk about how often we do something. We use them mainly with the Present Simple. “They usually go before the main verb, but after the verb be. He often plays football. HEM te is always at home on Sundays. ‘She doesn't usually watch TV. interrogative sentences with the verb be, adverbs of frequency go after the subject. Is schoo! always closed on Sundays? With never we always use the affirmative form of the verb. He never goes to the theatre.© Prepositions of Time * ati to tell the time: at six o'clock / at half past two inthe expressions: at noon / at night / at midnight at the weekend before the days of the week: ‘on Monday / on Monday morning / on weekdays before dates: on 16 May before months and seasons: in July / in (the) winter before years and centuries: in 1989 before periods of time: in the morning / in the afternoon / in the evening on Friday morning/afternoon/evening in the expression in my free time + till / until We usually work till/until 5pm. * during I never go out during the week. Jack always has a shower before dinner. ‘My dad takes the dog for a walk after breakfast. ‘+ to ask about the frequency of an action: ‘A: How often do you go out? B: / go out twice a week, but I never go out on Fridays. ‘A. Complete with the Present Simple of the verbs in brackets. 4. Lucy (not wateh) TV in the 4, John often {hot afternoon. ‘work) until 7pm. your dad (lay) 5.1 (not tidy) my room at the tennis on Sundays? weekend. 3. We sometimes (have) dinner at a6. Tina and Rita usually _ (hang) out restaurant. with their friends in the afternoon.B. Look at the pictures and the prompts. Write questions and answers, as in the C. Write the sentences using the example. adverbs of frequency in brackets. 1. Mark wakes up at 8am on Mondays. (always) 1. How often / James / take out 2, What / Peter / do / on 2 aan Sng weenine up, the rubbish / ? (twice a week) ‘Sunday mornings / (wash / car) How often does James take out the rubbish? ___ He takes out the rubbish a a ee eae 3. The children are late for | school. (sometimes) a 4. Does Jane watch TV in the 4 evening? (often) How often / you / study / 4, What / Joanna / do / on English / ? (three times a week) Saturdays / ? (read / magazines) D. Answer the questions about yourself. 4. What do you usually do in the afternoon? 2. What do you rarely do at the weekend? 5. What / your cousins / do / 6. Where / Bella / go / every every Friday / 2 (clean / windows) day /? (go / to schoo!) a — 3. What do you never do in the morning?E. Choose a, bor c. F. Complete the blanks with the correct form of the words in brackets. Use prepositions of time to complete the 1. Tony brushes his teeth dinner. borat a. during b. after at 4. Where __does Nelly go (Nelly / go)|_at_| the weekend? 2. My dad reads newspapers ‘the morning, 2. My brothers____(not play) ra at in basketball] Sundays. 3. (you / often / hang) out with 3. The baby wakes up _ 8:30. friends the afternoon? a. during b. at ¢.on 4. What time (Stuart / have) 4. the week, I help my mum at home. lunoh weekdays? a. After b. In During 5. Kylie and Rob __._ (usually / watch) 5. My brother usually goes to the cinema TV[__]41pm. Then, they Saturday evening. (g0) to bed. oy bon Gat 6. James (rarely / clean) the windows Thursday afternoons. . Tom usually works at the restaurant 9 o'clock, 7. Debbie __ (never / be) bored a.during until, eon [-Jthe summer. Talk in pairs. Ask and answer questions about the things you do during the week, when you do them and how often you do them. Report your findings to the rest of the class. You Your partner Do you watch TV during the week? No, | don't. | usually watch TV at the weekend. When do you do the washing-up? 1 do the washing-up every evening. How often do you take out the rubbish? | take out the rubbish twice a week. ‘Write a few sentences about what your partner in the Speaking activity above does during the week.Present Progressive Present Simple vs Present Progressive Stative verbs Read the dialogue. Drake Vera, hi, it's Drake. Where are you now? Vera _ I'm at the café, I'm playing chess with Nicole. What's up? Drake Well, 'm not playing football tonight. 'm going to the Spears concert. Vera The Spears! | love them! Drake | know! | love them, too. They're giving a concert at the youth club at Spm. What do you think? Vera OK, see you there. Bye! Write V for Vera, D for Drake or N for Nicole. 1, Who isn’t playing football tonight? [| 3. Who likes the Spears alot? [and |_| 2, Who's playing chess at the moment? (_} and{_] 4. Who's going to the concert? [J and { 3 Present Progressive FULL FORMS ‘SHORT FORMS FULL FORMS SHORT FORMS 1am playing 'm playing | am not playing 'm not playing He/She/tt is playing He/She/It’s playing He/She/Itis not playing He/She/It isn't playing We/You/They are playing | We/You/They're playing | We/You/They are not playing | We/You/They aren't playing ‘Am | playing? Yes, | am. No, I'm not. 4s he/she/it playing? Yes, he/she/tt is. No, he/she/it isnt. Are we/you/they playing? | Yes, we/you/they are. | No, we/you/they aren't‘= Verbs that end in -e drop the e and take -ing. write — writing * Verbs with one syllable which end in one vowel + one consonant double the final consonant before the ~ing. swim — swimming [EXT eat - eating * Verbs with two or more syllables which end in one vowel + one consonant double the final consonant before the —ing, only when the last syllable is stressed. begin — beginning [EI visit ~ visiting (since the last syllable isn't stressed) * Verbs which end in one vowel + I double the -1 before the -ing. travel - travelling feel ~ feeling '* Verbs which end in -ie change the ie to -y before the -ing. die — dying ** for actions that are happening now, at the moment of speaking. Listen! Scott is playing the guitar. * for actions that are happening temporarily or at the present period of time. ‘She's working at a supermarket these days. * for future arrangements (we mention when). Peter is leaving for Paris next week. * for actions we do every day, for actions which are repeated regularly or permanent states. | visit my grandparents every weekend. usually, always, often, etc. every day/week, etc. in the momning/afternoon, etc. ‘on Mondays/Monday morning, etc. at the weekend, etc. ‘once/twice/three times, etc. a week/day, etc. now, right now, at the moment, at present, these days, today this week/year, ete, tonight, tomorrow, on Wednesday, etc. next week/year, etc. OpPresent Simple vs Present Progressive ‘* for actions that are happening now, at the moment of speaking, for actions that are happening temporarily at the present eriod of time or for future arrangements. now, at the moment, today, these days, this week/year, etc. tonight, tomorrow, etc. next week/year, etc.oe Stative Verbs ‘The following verbs are not normally used in the Present Progressive. They are called sta- tive verbs: i, * see, smell, taste, hear, ete. | *love, like, hate, want, etc. *know, think, understand, ete. : cost, own, seem, appear, etc. A. Look at the picture. What are the people doing? Use the Present Progressive and the phrases in the box to write sentences. play a board game read a magazine listen to music dance play volleyball fish by the lake ride a bike 1. Tamara 2. Peter and Ben 3. Angela 4. Tim and Mary : 5. Michael and Janet 6. Terry 7, Jonathan10 B. Complete the dialogue with the Present Progressive of the verbs in brackets. Mandy Hey Jane, it's me, Mandy! What (a) you (do)? Jane Hi, Mandy. Well, | (2) (surf) the Net at the moment. Why (3) you (ask)? Mandy | (4 (G0) to the youth club. Do you want to join me? Tom and I (5), (take) part in a board game contest. Jane I'd love to come but my parents (6)_____ (go) out and | (7). (stay) at home with my younger brother. (8) you guys __ (play) football tomorrow afternoon? Maybe | can join you then. Mandy No. | (9) (not go) out tomorrow because my sister Jenny (10) (have) a birthday party so | must be there. Jane OK, see you on Thursday then! Have fun at the party. C. Choose a or &. 2. Philip a shower at the moment. 5. Sheila her mother in London next week. a. has b. is having a. doesn't visit b. isn’t visiting 2.We | our house every year. 6. Ben up early on Sundays. a. paint b. are painting a. gets is getting 3 to the cinema this evening? 7. We swimming today. It’s very cold outside. a. Do they go _b. Are they going, a. don't go », aren't going 4, John like fishing. 8. This soup really bad. a. doesn’t b. isn't a. smells is smelling. Look and write what the people usually do and what they are doing now. today Fsvaly 4. wash the car play table tems 2.watch TV / go to the cinema listen to music / paint Jane usually washes th Tom Tina but today she is playing table = __ today ag today 7 4. 0 rollerblading / ride bikes '5.do homework / play the guitar 6. play board games / watch a DVD Betty and Mark. Brian Nancy and Lee E. Make sentences using the Present Simple or the Present Progressive. 1. Ben / sleep / right now 2. Julie / not understand / French 3. We / work / at my dad’s shop / these days 4. Philip / usually / go swimming / at the weekend 5. Mum / want to go / concert / tonight 6, Lucy and Tom / not go shopping / tomorrow 7. Mark / ride his bike / every day 8. James / not like / working / on Saturdays "2 F. Match the questions 1-5 with the answers 1. What does your brother usually do in the evening? a. I'm going camping. 2. What's Mark doing at the moment? b, Never. I hate it, 3. What are you doing this summer? ¢. He goes out with friends. 4, What do you think of chess? d. He's having a shower. 5, How often do you play tennis? I think it’s boring. Speaking Rae ue isa ei Cun y Rhoda ts ped A) Choose one of the people in the picture but don’t tell your partner. Take turns to ask and ‘answer questions to find out which person your partner has chosen. Is it a boy oa girl? Itsa Is he/she playing/reading, etc.? Yes, .../NO, « Yes, .../NO, . Look at the picture above. Use the prompts in the box to write sentences about what the people usually do on Saturday afternoons and what they are doing at the youth club now. Usually» Mary / tidy / room * John / play / guitar © Bill / spend / time with family Jill / go rollerblading —_* Anna / listen / music Mary usually tidies her room on Saturday afternoon but today she is painting.Countable - Uncountable Nouns Some - Any - No - Every and their compounds Look at the pictures below and read the speech bubble. 1'm Joey and Mona is my sister. We're family but we're very different. Mona's room is always tidy. There's nothing on the floor, her clothes are in the wardrobe and everything is nice and clean, My room is always messy. There are things everywhere and | can’t find anything, I've got no time to tidy up! But you know what? No one wants to be in my room, because my pet snake Crawly is in there! ‘Now complete the sentences writing Joey or Mona. a has got a pet snake. ai has no time to tidy up. a has got avery clean room. 4. never leaves things on the floor. © countable / Uncountable Nouns ‘They have singular and plural forms and can be counted. We can use a / an or numbers before them. a chair- seven chairs They have only singular form and cannot be counted. ‘We cannot use a / an or numbers before them. meat - milk - sugar The words: halt, time, weather, money, homework are uncountable nouns. 3Cb ) Some - Any - No - Every * We use some, any, no with plural countable nouns and with uncountable nouns. * in affirmative sentences. There are some books on the desk. There is some milk on the table. * in questions, when we offer or ask for something politely. Would you like some water? Can I have some milk, please? * in questions. /s there any milk on the table? * in negative sentences. There aren't any books on the table. * in affirmative sentences to give a negative meaning (= not any). There's no milk in the glass. (= There isn’t any milk in the glass). + We use every with singular countable nouns. Every family in this town has got a car. © Compounds of some, any, no and every ‘SOME aN No someone | anyone no one somebody | anybody nobody something | anything nothing somewhere | anywhere | nowhere * These compounds always take singular verbs. Someone is behind the door. * We use the compounds of some, no and every in affirmative sentences. Everybody here works very hard. + We Use the compounds of any in questions and negative sentences. I can't find my glasses anywhere. ‘A. Complete the sentences using some, any, no or every. 1. Derek has got very nice paintings 8. in his living room. __________ house in my neighbourhood has got a garden. They're beautiful 2.| can't go out with you. I've got 6. A: Would you like tea? money. B: No, thank you. 3. When Mary's got free time, she student at my school has got a hangs out with her friends. mobile phone. 4. 1s there orange juice in the 8. | haven't got new posters in my fridge? room,B. Look at the pictures and write sentences using some, any or m0. Re board games/ ‘computer games —_~ chairs/armchairs goldfish/hamsters — = A C. Complete the dialogue with the compounds in the box. anybody something anywhere somewhere everything nothing ‘Mum Is (2) home? | need help! Fred What are you doing here, Mum? You're. late for work. Mum I'm looking for my glasses. | can't go (2)_____without them. Fred | think | saw them (3) Let me look in the living room. Oh, there's (4). on the shelf. There they are. Can you see them? Mum Fred, when I'm not wearing my glasses, I can see (8) ! Fred OK, Mum! Here you are! Now, you've got (e)_____you need. Mum Thanks, dear. D. Choose a, bor c. 4, I's so messy in here! There are clothes. anywhere b. somewhere _ ¢, everywhere 2. There are so many people. You can't sit a.nowhere b, anywhere —_¢. something, 3. likes Jim! He is very nice. ‘a. Anybody _b, Everywhere —_¢. Everybody 4. 'm not going to the party. I've got to wear, a.nothing b. something _¢. anything 5. We never buy milk. inmy family likes it a. Someone b, Everybody —_¢, No one 6. Do you want to eat? a.nothing —b. anything ——_¢. somebody 66 E. There is one mistake in each of the sentences below. Find it and correct it 1. Have we got no orange juice? 6. Everyone student has got a bag. 2. There isn’t nobody at home. 7. There’s nothing water in the fridge. 3. Would you like any cake? 8, Ann, come here, something wants to talk to you. 4, | can't find my cat somewhere. 9. There's everything on my bed. What is it? 5. There aren't no people at the cinema. 10. OK class, is every here? Great, let's go! Work in pairs. SA asks SB to close his/her eyes and imagine that he/she is somewhere he/she likes. SA asks Where are you? SB questions to find out where SB is, who is with him/her, Vm in a room .. Is anyone with you? what things there are in that place, etc. Use some, any, no, Wee. / Ne. every and their compounds. Then swap roles. ‘Are there any. Yes, there are. / No, there aren't. Is there a...? Yes, there is. / No, there isn't. Write a few sentences describing your classroom (think about what is on the walls, in the bookcases, on the shelves / desks, etc.). Use some, any, no, every and their compounds. Jn_our classroom there are some / aren't any sistasPersonal Pronouns / Possessive Adjectives Possessive Pronouns / Possessive Case Read the text. neighbourhood Spiderman. Who's your favourite Superhero? I'm Adrian and mine is Spiderman. Did you know that...? ¥ Spiderman’ real name is Peter Parker. He lives with his aunt May and his uncle Ben, ¥ Their house is next to Mary Jane’s house. Peter likes her a lot. ¥ A spider's bite gave him superpowers and he helps the people of Manhattan. There are a lot of bad guys in Manhattan. One of them is Green Goblin What do these words refer to? Look at the words in the text, Now answer the questions. 1. mine 4. Whose real name is Peter Parker? 2. his 3. their 2. Whose house is next to Peter Parker’s house? 4, him © Personal Pronouns Possessive Adjectives Possessive Pronouns mine yours his hers yours theirs * Subject personal pronouns are used to show who or what does somet ‘or common nouns and go before the verb as subjects. Look at that girl! She's beautiful * Object personal pronouns are used after verbs as objects or after prepositions. Scott is so funny. Look at him! + Possessive adjectives are used to show who something belongs to. They always go before nouns and do not take any articles before them. Her hat is green. 1g. They replace proper nouns ”be 8 ‘+ Possessive pronouns are used instead of possessive adjectives + noun, so they are never followed by nouns. They can be used as short answers to questions starting with whose... Your bag is brown, but mine is black. That cat is hers. Whose is this ball? It’s his. Oo Possessive Case * We use the possessive case to show that something belongs to someone (people or animals). John has got a book. > This is John’s book. > It’s John’s Jack has got black hair. > Jack's hair is black. by adding ’s to singular nouns. This is Helen's cat. This is the dog’s ball. by adding * to regular plural nouns. The girls’ T-shirts are over there. by adding ’s to irregular plural nouns. These are women's watches. when two or more people own the same thing, we add 's only to the last noun. This is George and Mary's dog. when two or more people own two or more different things, we add 's to each noun, These are John’s and Rick's bikes. (John and Rick own different bikes) We use of + noun to show that something belongs to a thing or to an abstract noun. The windows of the house are red. A. Complete the text with subject or object personal pronouns. Dear Tom, > How are ()__?(2)__ am writing to (3) from Rome. (4) ____'mstaying at. | Carla's house. Do you remember (5) __? (6) _ went to summer school in the UK together. (” lives with her parents near the city centre. (8) are archaeologists so (9) know | a lot about the sights in Rome. Today (10) _am visiting the Colosseum with (1) _-_ and | tomorrow her cousins are joining (12) , too. Well, that's all for now. (13) promise to write back soon. Love, ZoeB. Circle the correct words. 1. A: John, is that car your / yours? B: No, it isn't me / mine. It's my father's. 2. A: Hey Bill, can you give us / ours your new CD? B: It isn't mine / her. it's my brother's. Let's ask him / her, 3. A: That's John’s new T-shirt. Do you like it / her? B: No, | don’t! Yours / is better. 4. A: Mrs Johnson is a very rude woman! Do you know him / her? B: Yes, I do! She lives next to us / our. €. Complete the sentences with possessive adjectives (my, your, hs, etc.) or possessive pronouns (mine, yours, his, etc.) 2. Britney Spears is favourite pop stat. | love ____ new songs. 2. Pam and Mary are very lazy. __ flat is always messy. 3. Peter doesn't like pop music. | don’t think these CDs are 4, Lucy is driving a new car but it isn’t 5. | love Robbie Wiliams. I've got all Ds. 6. I've got a dog and my neighbours have got a dog, 00, Mine is very quiet but very noisy. D. Look at the pictures and write sentences using the possessive case. 1. Lisa has got a beautiful | goldfish. 4. My neighbour has got a famous husband. dog. 2. Tom and Jerry have got a very tall mum, 5, The children have got a black 3. My sisters have got a new car. ray Cd 1 6. Alex and Tom have got blue 19E. Choose a or b. 1. These are clothes. 6. I've got a new friend. name is Ben. a. Meg’s b. Meg a. His b. Her 2. Can you see that tall boy? my 7. Can you give a pen, please? brother. a, mine b.me a. His b. He's 8. The T-shirts are on the bed. 3. Mary is very clever. projects are the a. boys’ b. boys, best in the class. a Her b. Hers 9, My parents love tennis. It's favourite sport. 4 is this car? Is it yours? a. their b. they're - Who's, b. Whose 10. These are my hats. 5. These are Mike's and shoes. a. John b. John’s a. parent's. b. parents’ Work in groups of four. Students put a few of their things Whose book is this? Is It yours, Debbie? in an empty box or schoolbag. Then students take turns. Yes, it's my book / it’s mine. to pick something out of the box/bag and ask the rest of ‘No, it isn't mine. It’s Mike's. their group who it belongs to. Write a paragraph about your best friend. Answer the following questions:‘A. Complete with the Present Simple of the verbs in brackets. 1. Jane and Mary (often/wake up) early on Saturdays. They (clean) the house. 2. My dad (arely/sit) around doing nothing. (Mike/spend) time with his friends? (usually/go) out with them at the weekend 4. My parents (not read) magazines but | (enjoy) reading them. 8. Complete withthe Present Progressive ofthe verbs inthe box. (mest nothave paint, take go 1..Chris dinner with us tonight. He toa concert. 2A: you Jack today? B: Yes, | am. At the library. A: Say hello to him. 3. A: Where's Beth? B: She out the rubbish. 4, My parents the house this week. C. Complete with prepositions of time. 1. We always go to the beach _____ the summer. 2. | always have a shower ‘six o'clock the moming. 3, Lucy goes to the youth club Saturday afternoons. 4. Ben sometimes watches TV late night. 5. I never go to the cinema the week, only the weekend. 6, the moment I'm talking on the phone. a2 D. Complete with the Present Simple or the Present Progressive of the verbs in brackets. 1. My brother (not know) how to use a computer but he (want) to learn, 2. Every Saturday Betty (go) toa restaurant but this Saturday she (stay) at home. Her cousins from Canada (visit) her. E. Choose a, bor c. 1. We hate Jimmy. He's always rude to 3. A: Hey, kids. What you (do)? B: We (surf) the Net. A:|___ (need) some help in the kitchen, B: OK, we (come). aus b. our ©. ours 2. That bike isn’t It's Tony's. a. you bb. your ©. yours 3. This is goldfish. Isn't it beautiful? a. Ray and Ted . Ray and Ted's . Ray's and Ted's 4. Where are the children? I've got something important to tell a. their b. they 5. Look at our new classmate. What's a. his b. him 6. A: Who's doing the washing-up tonight? B: My a. sister b. sister's. 7. That poster is _ a. my b. me 8. My car is very old. a. grandparents b. grandparent’s F Circle the correct words. 1. Where's Jack? | can’t find him somewhere / anywhere. 2. love the people in this town. Everyone / Someone is kind and friendly! 3. Susan has got no / any time to help me. 4. Can | have any / some extra cheese on the pizza? . them name? . sisters’ Do you like it 2 ¢. mine ©. grandparents’ 5. A: Is there anywhere / anything to eat? I'm hungry. B: Sorry. There's everything / nothing in the fridge. 6. Hello? Is there anybody / somebody here? 7. I'm going to the supermarket because there isn’t any / no coffee.Past Simple Look at the picture and read the dialogue. Past ee Frank Jason, where were you yesterday? | ealled you three times! Jason Yes, | know. | was at the planetarium. We had a project ‘on space travel and | couldn't use the Internet, so | went there for information. There was a show about space travel, too. Frank Did you like it? Jason Well, | don't know. You see, | didn’t watch it. | slept like a baby under the planetarium night sky! Now answer the questions. 1. Where was Jason yesterday? 2. Why did he go there? 3. What happened during the show? 6 Past Simple FULL FORMS SHORT FORMS VHe/She/tt V/He/She/tt VVHe/She/tt layed / a id not play / ea jdt We/You/They_ ee We/You/They Soa neon We/You/They foe Vfhe/shesit Vhe/sheyit Yes, Vne/shertt Jay / eat? | Yes, o, eto ae \we/you/they we/you/they did, didn't. * We form the Past Simple of regular verbs by adding ~ed to the base form of the main verb. The Past Simple form is the same for all persons in the singular and in the plural. work > worked walk > walked clean > cleaned + Each irregular verb forms the affirmative form of the Past Simple in a different way. You can find these verbs in the Table of Imegular Verbs on page 111. go > went buy > bought sit > sat 23Verbs ending in -e, take only ~4, dance - danced Verbs with one syllable ending in one vowel + one consonant, double the consonant before the -ed. stop - stopped Verbs with two or more syllables ending in a stressed vowel + one consonant, double the consonant before the ~ed. prefer - preferred visit - visited (the last syllable isn't stressed.) Verbs ending in a consonant + -y, change the y to i before the ed. try- tried [ETI play - played (the verb ends in a vowel + -y.) Verbs ending in one vowel + I, double the -I before the -ed. travel - travelled [ESM sail - sailed (the verb ends in two vowels +1) * for actions that took place at a definite time in the past. We bought our house five years ago. rocterds i260, etc: two hours ago, five years | always went to bed early when | was a student. ago, etc. * for habitual or repeated actions in the past. * for completed actions that happened one after the other in the _| last night/week/Sunday/ past. March, etc. Yesterday, | got up at 8:00, had breakfast and left for school. © Past simple of the verb be Yes, /ne/she/it \/He/She/it was \/He/She/It wasn’t Was |/he/she/it? | Yes, we/you/they We/You/They were | We/You/They weren't =were not)| Were WE/YOU/IREY? VS ne he it No, we/you/they weren't © The verb could Vile/She/M coud waik | VHe/She/It couldn't We/You/They We/You/They (= could not) aQuestions, } Short Answers / cous VP0/SHe/It ance Yes, Vhe/sherit no, WRe/She/'t dn, we/you/they * we/you/they * we/you/they — y + Could is the past tense of can. We use it to express ability in the past. My sister could play the piano when she was seven. ‘A. Look at the pictures and complete the sentences with the Past Simple of the verbs in brackets. 1.1_didn’t go (not go) to the 2. My dad (not 3. Jane and Frank = cinema. |__went (go) to read) a magazine yesterday. (not sleep) in a hotel room. Mary's birthday party. He (read) a They (sleep) in a newspaper. tent. 5. We (not do) our homework. We 4. We (not visit) Rome. We (visit) Athens. (do) the washing-up. 526 B. Look at the pictures and the prompts. Write questions and answers, as in the example. 1. Jack / visit / grandparents / 2. girls / walk / in / forest / 3. Karen and Jim / eat / last Sunday / ? yesterday morning / ? sandwiches / last night / ? No » stay / home No » ride bikes / in / forest No > eat / fish and chips Did Jack visit hi iandporentslast Sunday? No, he didn’t. He stayed at — -home. 4. James / paint / his house / 5. Andrew / break / his ankle / 6. Mark and Alice / watch / three weeks ago / ? two days ago / ? a DVD / yesterday / ? Yes No > hurt / knee No > go / cinema C. Complete with the Past Simple of the verb be. Where you last night, Paul? at the cinema with John, We saw Spider 5. A: it scary? Frank saw it too and that's what he told me. No, it tt really boring! 2,A:____you and Betty at the school concert yesterday? B: No, we . Betty had a bike accident. She broke her leg and she in bed all day. A: Poor Betty! you with her? B: Yes, | . She alone. | there most of the afternoon and we played board games.D. Complete with the Past Simple of the verbs in brackets. 1. Peter (leave) his house at 8 o'clock yesterday morning. He (try) to find a taxi but he (not can) find one so he (not go) to work. 2.1 (have) a party for my birthday. All my friends. (come). My sister (decorate) the house and (buy) a lot of soft drinks and snacks. Unfortunately, she (forget) something. My birthday present! 3. A: What you (do) during the summer? My far (visit) Spain. We (climb) all the way to the top of the Pyrenees. At the end of our holiday, we (be) very tired and we (not can) even carry our backpacks. But, we (have) a great time! E, Complete the dialogue with the Past Simple of the verbs in brackets. Kim Hi, Jack! (not can) move it! Jack Hi, Kim, How (2), (be) your weekend? Jack Poor you! What (2) you (do)? Kim Luckily, | (8)____ (not break) it. Kim 1 (3) ___ (spend) my Saturday at the What about you? (9)_ you hospital! (0) to Anna's party? Jack (4)___you (have) a car Jack No. Tim (40) _ (come) to my house accident? and we (42) {not want) to go. We Kim No, 1(8) (fall) off my bed and | (22) (stay) at home and (6_{(sprain) my ankle. 1 (7)__ (a3) (watch) a DVD. falk in pairs. Ask and ‘What dd you do last weekend? answer questions On Saturday 1... ‘about what you did last Who were you with? weekend. 1 was with. Was it fun? Yes, it was. / No, it wasn't. It was... Write a few sentences about what your partner in the Speaking activity above did last weekend. Write about what he/she did, who he/she was with and if it was fun or not. a8 Read Leo's e-mail to his friend Alice. Past Progressive Past Simple - Past Progressive Dear Alice, Happy Birthday! I'm sorry I didn’t come to your party, but I had an accident! Here's what happened! It was Bam. I was going to school when suddenly I saw the bus and started running to the bus stop. While I was running, something hit me very hard and I fell down. It was my friend Rob on his bike! Rob's all night, but I'm writing this e-mail from the hospital. I hurt my head and broke my leg. Ouch! Take care, Leo = SSE SS J Now choose a or b. 1. Did Leo go to Alice’s birthday party? a. Yes, he did. b. No, he didn't. 2. Where was Leo going at Sam? 3. What was Leo doing before he fell down? 4. What happened to Leo? Past Progressive | was playing You were playing He was playing She was playing It was playing We were playing You were playing They were playing a. He was going to schoo. a. He was riding his bike. a. He hurt his hand and broke his arm. | was not playing You were not playing He was not playing She was not playing. It was not playing We were not playing You were not playing They were not playing, b. He was going to the hospital b. He was running to the bus stop. b. He hurt his head and broke his leg. | wasn’t playing You weren't playing He wasn't playing She wasn't playing It wasn’t playing We weren't playing You weren't playing They weren't playingWas | playing? | Yes, was. | No, | wasn't. Were you playing? | Yes, you were. | No, you weren't. Was he playing? | Yes, he was. | No, he wasn't. Was she playing? | Yes, she was, | No, she wasn't. Was it playing? | Yes, itwas. | No, it wasn't. Were we playing? | Yes, we were. | No, we weren't, Were you playing? | Yes, you were. | No, you weren't. Were they playing? | Yes, they were.| No, they weren't. * for an action that was happening at a specific point of time in the past. J was watching TV at seven o'clock yesterday evening. * to describe background scenes in a story. It was raining and Jill was walking in the forest. ‘for actions that were happening at the same time in the past. In this case we usually use while. While Mum was cooking, Jane was reading a book. We use the Past Progressive and the Past Simple in the same sentence when one action that was happening in the past was interrupted by another. We use the Past Progressive for the longer action and the Past Simple for the shorter action that interrupted the longer one. We usually use while+Past Progressive and when+Past Simple. While I was driving, | saw a cat in the street. Iwas sleeping when the telephone rang. ‘A. Look at the picture and complete the blanks with the Past Progressive of the verbs in the box. sleep not play chase cry cook do read watch listen Yesterday afternoon 1. Mike his homework. 2, John the piano, he to music. 3. While Lucy and Maria TV, Gemma ____ lunch, 4. The dog the cat around the house. 5. Jimmy on the sofa, 6. Mr and Mrs Smith magazines. 7. Baby Joe because he was hungry. 930 B. Write questions and answers using the Past Progressive, as in the example. 4. John / sleep / 9:00 / 2. Julie / cry / in the car / ? 3. they / do / homework / 2 last night / 2 No > laugh Yes No > surf the Net Was John sleepin 00 La: ight? lo he wasn’t. He was surfis 4, Jonathan / clean / the house 8. Bob / read / magazine /two _6. Simon / play / the piano / ? / yesterday afternoon / ? days ago / ? No > play / guitar Yes No > walk / in / forest C. Complete with the Past Simple or the Past Progressive of the verbs in brackets. 4. you (ride) your bike when the accident (happen)? 2. George (drive) to work when he (crash) into a car. 3. While my brother (climb) Old Mountain, it (start) snowing 4, My mother (brush) her teeth when I (arrive) home. 5. Mr Firth (sit) under a big tree when he (see) a snake. 6. What you (do) in the hospital when | (see) you? 7. My father (read) his newspaper when the ball (bit) him. 8. Who _______Mary___ (meet) when she (gto schoo? 9. The police officer (chase) a tall woman when he (slip) and (fall) in the middle of the street. 10. Last night at the party | (dance) while my friends (eat) snacks.D. Look at the pictures and the prompts. Write sentences using the Past Simple or the Past Progressive and while or when, as in the example. 1. Brian / drive / hospital / see / old friend (while) While Brian was driving to the hospital, he saw an old friend. __ 2. They / walk in the forest / start raining (when) 3. Jack / sit / garden / find a gold ring (when) 4. Donna / clean / basement / she / find / old map (while) 5. Bill / have dinner / someone / call (while) 6. Robert / watch TV / friends / arrive / (when) E. Complete with the Past Simple or the Past Progressive of the verbs in brackets. Sandy Hey, Dawn. How are you? Dawn Not very well. | (1) (break) my arm and (2) (sprain) my ankle three days ago. Sandy What? How (3) (you / do) that? Dawn It’s a long story. Believe it or not, it (4) _____ (happen) while. 1(6)____ (dance). Sandy You, dancing? But you don't like dancing. Dawn Yes, but my grandma (6) __(have) a party for her 70th birthday. She (7) ______ (want) all her grandchildren to dance with her. Sandy That's nice. So what (8) (happen) while you (9) (dance)? Dawn My grandmother loves dancing. She (40) (move) all ‘around the living room when suddenly she (44) (slip). She almost (42) (crash) into the TV. Sandy Was she hurt? Dawn No, she wasn't, but I was. You see, 1 (a3) (try) to save hert anF. Match the questions 1-5 with the answers a-e. 1. What was Sally doing at 10pm last night? ‘a. She went out. 2, Were you sleeping when | called you? b. No, I didn’t like it. 3. What did your sister do after dinner? ¢. She was writing an e-mail 4. Did you have fun at the party? d. | was going to the cinema. 5. Where were you going when | saw you yesterday? e. No, | was listening to music. Work in pairs. Look at the pictures and put them in order. Then, use the prompts and take tums to say what happened. Begin the story with ‘Yesterday evening I went to the cinema with my sister Jenny’. We walk / home / when / it start raining after / film / we walk / bus stop / when / we see / friend Carol at home / while / we dry / hair /1/ decide /to while / we talk / Carol / bus / come/ but not buy / car stop Look at the pictures and the prompts in the Speaking activity above and write what happened. Yesterday evening | went to the cinema with my sister Jenny. EAdverbs of manner The verb used to Look at the picture and read the dialogue. Angela | had a nightmare last night. | was at the top of a building when | slipped and fell off. | was falling very slowly. Then, | woke up. It was really strange! Peter Poor you! | used to have a lot of nightmares when I was younger. Angela What did they use to be about? Peter Well, | remember one scary nightmare. | was walking through the forest when I heard a noise. | started running quickly and came to a lake. Suddenly, a big fish jumped out of the lake and ate me! lupe Now answer the questions. 1. Where was Angela in her nightmare? 2. Who used to have nightmares, Angela or Peter? 3. What did Peter do when he heard a noise? © acverbs of manner * Adverbs of manner describe the way in which something happens and usually answer questions beginning with how. * We form most adverbs of manner by adding -ly to the corresponding adjective. quiet > quietly careful > carefully * Adjectives ending in @ consonant + y, drop the -y and take —Hly. easy > easily * Adjectives ending in le, drop the -e and take -y. terrible > terribly ETE * Each irregular adverb of manner is formed in a different way. 3Othe verb used to | /He/She/t used to play \VHe/She/tt We/You/They We/You/They didn't use to play | Did \yhe/she/tt use to play? we/you/they ‘* The verb used to Is followed by the base form of a verb. It describes actions that happened often or regularly in the past, but they no longer happen. We form the interrogative and negative with did / didn't. We used to go skateboarding every aftemoon when we were young. (We don't go now). ‘A. Write the adverbs as in the example. 4. She's a careful driver. She drives __carefully 2. James and Grace are horrible dancers. They dance 3. The baby is very quiet. He sleeps : 4, Maria is a good actress. She acts + 6. Tim is a fast runner. He runs 6. She is a terrible singer. She sings | 7. All the children were happy about the day trip. They sang in the car. 8. This is an easy exercise. | can do this exercise B. Complete the blanks with the adverbs of the adjectives in brackets. My cousins organised a four-day holiday in the mountains near our town. We started climbing very (a)__(earfy}, at six o'clock in the morning because it was (2). (unbelievable) hot. ‘As we were climbing (3) (slow) towards the top, we heard a very strange noise. My best friend Tom screamed (4), (loud). Then, he fell and hurt his knee. There was nothing we could do. He was (8) __ (bad) hurt (quick). (careful), returned so we decided to leave (¢ We carried Tom (7), home (8) ___ (safe) and took him to hospital. im sure Tom will never go on a climbing trip again!C. Look at the pictures and make sentences using used fo, as in the example. ‘in the past. a etenrf in the past 2. John / not be / thin 2. They / not live / London 3. Martin and | / not drive / schoo! > fat > Paris > walk / schoo! John didn’t use to be thin. He used to be fat. Tithe past J he pas tol ‘the past g 4. The building / not be Stella / not have / fair hair 6. My parents / not climb / supermarket > hospital > dark hair mountains > play football D. Look at the table and write sentences about Mr and Mrs Grant. Use used fo or didn't use to, as in the exampl Mr Grant. Mrs Grant, Mr Gran 2. _Mrs Grant didn’t use to ride a bike to work, but she does now. a a 5, 6 3536 E. Answer the questions about yourselt. 2. What did you use to look like when you were younger? 2. What time did you use to wake up and go to bed when you were younger? 3. Did you use to hang out with your friends when you were younger? 4. What did you use to be scared of when you were younger? Talk in pairs. Ask and answer questions about what you and your partner used to do when you were younger. Use the phrases in the box. Did you use to have nightmares when you were younger? Yes, | did. / No, | didn't. Think about how well you can do some things. Write five sentences using the adverbs of the adjectives in the box. good — bad~—careful © quick —slow ican... well. hes‘A. Complete with the Past Simple of the verbs in the boxes. — fead go stay — 2A: John___to Pam's party last night? B: No, he didn’t. You know John. He doesn’t like parties. He his new Harry Potter book, at home and have break not see fall 2A: Faith at school yesterday. Is. she OK? B: No. She ___ an accident yesterday morning. She off her skateboard and _ her arm, (hot bring iste nevenitake) 3. A: So, you a good time in London? B: Yes, | lots of museums and ___ lots of pictures. A: Show me. B:I them. They're at home. 8. Complete with the Past Progressive of the verbs in brackets. 1. A: | couldn't sleep because Mike (cry) all night. B: He (not ery). He (scream). A: | know! 2. Mary (not study) yesterday afternoon. She (sit) in the kitchen and she (talk) to her mother all afternoon. 3. My parents (have) lunch at the Italian restaurant when they saw Mrs Collins and her daughter. C. Complete the sentences with the Past Simple or the Past Progressive of the verbs in brackets. ‘Sue (4). (read) her book in the park last week when suddenly it (2) (start) raining. She (3)____ (not can) stay there, so she (@)______ (take) her books and (5) (leave). While she (6) (run) back home, she (7) (fall) down and (8)_ (hurt) her leg. Luckily, Mrs Phillips, her mum's best friend, (9) ___(rive) home at that time. She (10) (see) Sue and (14) (take) her to hospital. The doctor (42) (tell) her to stay in bed for three days. Sue (13), (not be) happy. D. Complete the sentences with the adjective or adverb of the words in brackets. 11. My car is really old. It goes really . (slow) 2.He'sa_____——_driver. (fast) 3. Itwas cold in the mountains. (unbelievable) 4. Barbara can sing very__. (good) 5. She found her brother in another country after 15 years. She was very - (lucky) 6. She plays the piano - (beautiful) E. Complete with the correct form of used fo and the verbs in brackets. aA: the Smiths (live) in Essex? B: No, they __ (live) in Surrey. 2A: your mum (help) your dad at the shop? B: Well, she (not work) at my dad's shop, but now she does. 3, Laura and | (paint) landscapes all the time, when we were young, but we don't do it now. 4, My friends and | (not hang) out together at the shopping centre but we do now. aCan - Could - May - Might Let's... - How about...? - Why don’t we/you...?, Look at the pictures and read the dialogue below. Jim Dad, the Tigers are playing tomorrow and Bil’s going. Can | go, t00? Dad No, Jim, | don’t think so. It might ot be @ good idea, two kids alone at a match... Jim Come on, Dad, we're not kids! Dad_ I've got an idea. Why don't we all go together? | always enjoy a good match! Jim But, Dad... Dad Come on, let’s go buy the tickets. Now match the two halves of the sentences. Jim asks, a. is going to the match. 2. His father thinks b. for permission to go to a football match. 3. Bill «. it might not be a good idea. 4. Jim’s father likes 4. watching football 5. Jim doesn't want ¢. his father to join them. eo Can - Could - May - Might '* they are followed by the base form of a verb, without to. ‘* they are the same in all persons in the singular and plural, ‘+ they form the interrogative and negative without do. 8* to ask for permission, Can/Could/May | go to the theatre? * we use can / may to give or refuse permission. Can/Could/May | go to the theatre? Yes, you can/may. No, you can't/may not. * to offer help politely. Can/Could/May | help you? * to make polite requests. It is more polite to use eould instead of ean in requests. Can/Could | have a giass of water? Can/Could you give me a glass of water? * to ask for a favour. Can/Could you help me with my homework? © to express possibility in the present or future. It may/could rain today. Might expresses slight possibi ‘She might be at work. © et's..., How about. We use Let’s..., How about...?, Why don't we / you...? to make suggestions. + Let's... + the base form of the verb (without to). Let's go out tonight. ‘+ How about...? + -ing form. How about going to the cinema? ‘* Why don’t we / you...? + the base form of the verb (without to). Why don’t we go shopping today? 39A. Look at the pictures and the prompts and use can or could to make requests B. Complete the dialogue with Let's... or ask for a favour. Why don't..? or How about... A. help / find / mobile CantCould you help (me) find see / your tickets Tom Hi, Ann! It’s Saturday | today. (4) ae go out tonight Ann OK! (2) 3. have / a cup of coffee 4, make / fruit salad going to the cinema? Tom Oh, no! That's boring! a go dancing? There's a new club in Down Street ‘Ann No, | don't like dancing! (@)___go to David's café for hot chocolate and doughnuts! Tom That's a good idea! (6) ___we call / Steve 6. pick up / George / from / airport call Lucy, too? Ann OK, I'll call her. See you later! 0C, Look at the pictures and the prompts and write sentences expressing possibility. Use may, might or could. buy / flag win / race become / astronaut have / accident sell / old bike visit / tomorrow become famous go to / stadium 4.Dan needs some 2. Peter runs really fast 3. Diane doesn't drive 4, Pauli at the flag money sohe _may/ soe . amight/could sell hhis_old bike carefully so she shop. He . =“ 5 7c 5.|want to see my best 6. Brian is a great artist. 7. Tina is crazy about —_8. Tom and Jim's favourite friend Clara so | so he space. She football team is in town so they D. Complete with one word. 1.____you tell me the time, please? 7. My mobile phone is ringing. oll 2. I help you? answer it, please? 3, How visiting Ann? 8 __l use your computer for a 4. It's very cold today, it___ snow. minute? 5. A: Mum, I need your car! 9. The weather is really nice. go I take it? swimming. B: No, you 10. Mary isn’t at home. She _ be at don't we watch a DVD tonight? the library. "1E. Choose a, bor c. 4. Oh, no | left my passport at home, _ a. Let's b. How about - go back home and get it. ©. Let's to 2. This exercise is really difficult. a. May you help b. Can | help _me, please? ©. Could you help 3. I'm bored of playing computer games. a. How about _ go out tonight? b. Why don't we ©. We could 4. The weather is terrible. The climbers may lost in this snowstorm, a. to get b. getting ©. get 5. Charlie broke his leg while he was playing football. How about him in the hospital? a. to visit b, visiting . visit a double espresso and a doughnut, please? ‘a. Could you have b. Could I hi 7. This dress looks silly on you. Your clas a. laugh b. laughing Work in pairs. Imagine that Ben and Lorraine are going to the Summer Festival. Read the information about them and the poster of the festival. Then, take turns to talk about what Ben and Lorraine may/may not, might/might not or could/could not do at the festival and give reasons for your choices. he \ Ben Dale \ + likes wild animals + plays the electric guitar * likes skateboarding Lorraine Dale * likes going to the theatre * likes table tennis * likes drawing Ben might go to the All ave . | could have issmates might ¢. to laugh Star Circus because likes wild animals, You're right. He might not go to Nott the Body Painting because he doesn't like art. rmdir 4 7 Ro Se — at you. ELE as Paes See ae Imagine that you are going to the Summer Festival. Write what you may/might/could do at the festival. aPrepositions of place Prepositions of movement Read Maria's e-mail to Sam. Maria forgot to draw the route on the map for Sam. Read the directions to her house again and draw the route. Dear Sam, I'm afraid I can’t pick you up from the station on Friday. But my house isn’t far from there. Here are the directions: When you get out of the station, turn right and walk along Smithson Avenue. Turn left at the museum into Glenn Street. Go up the street and at the newsagent’s turn right into Gavin Street, My house is at number 32, next to a shoe shop and opposite a bookshop. I'm sending you @ map too, so you can’t miss it! * next to in front of There is a lamp There is a lamp in front of The post office is next to the sofa, the sofa. opposite the library. * between © behind The lamp is between There is a lamp behind the sofa and the table. the sofa. 43oO Prepositions of Movement (up - down - into - out of - through - across - along - from...to - around) * up * down * into He is running up He is running down She is jumping into the pool. the hill the hill. | © out of * through * across The cat is jumping out The train is going The child is running of the window. through the tunnel. across the street. TONDON] —» [BRIGHTON x. * along © from...to * around He is running along the He is driving from She is riding her bicycle street. London to Brighton. around the castle, ‘A. Look at the pictures and complete the blanks with the prepositions of place (next to, in front of, opposite, between and behind). SREEPEPCIERT'SHeeEHHT |) 1. The shopping centre is the theatre. a 2. The bank is the $ & bookshop and the shopping 4, The bookcase is Ss centre. the sofa. 3. The post office is 5. The table is, __ the the library. sofa,B. Look at the pictures and complete with the prepositions in the box. around across into down up out of from...t0 along, through 2. She ran the hill and swam the lake. C.Choose a, bor c. 4. The petrol station is and the museum, front of —b. next 2. The bus stop is station. behind b. in front 3, The students ran Tediove the mountain and went ___ the tunnel. ‘the car park ©. between of the police ©. opposite __ the classroom quickly when the teacher arrived. a. out ». through into 1. Yesterday afternoon Tina was walking ‘the shopping centre while her friend John was going ___ the shopping centre. But they didn’t see each other. 4, The athlete ran 5. The tourists walked ______ Brussels the tower eae and then walked the river. 4. The cat climbed the tree and didn’t come down. a.along —b. up ©. across 5. There is a shoe shop __ to the cinema, a.behind —b. opposite ¢. next 6. Look! The baby is walking the street. a.around b, across. out of 7. Pam and | are cycling the park, a.up b. down —_¢. aroundD. Look at the map and circle the correct words in the e-mail. se 3] se june) Dear Jenny, Jam really happy that you are coming to my party! We are going to have a great time. Well, here is what you are going to do: Walk down / out of the train station and turn right into / along Pine Street. Go along / through this, street and then tur left at the supermarket. That's Eim Street. Walk up / into Elm Street and then turn left at the bank. There's a library opposite / next to the bank. My house is on your right between / ‘opposite the library. ‘See you tomorrow at 7pm. Mark Cons Peer) Play a guessing game in pairs. Look ee Froat A. Go a ‘emi? the map above. Choose a house and give Wes ues tes Saco directions how to get to a place. Your That's right! partner must guess where you are. Gs Choose a house to start from. Write directions how to get to two places.Comparative Form - Superlative Form as...as / Which...? eS eas It's true. The city is noisy, dirty and crowded. But | I ike it a lot here. It isn’t as noisy as a city and the love it! It's the best place in the world to live in. it's air is cleaner. There aren't a lot of things to do, of more exciting than living in a village. Country life is course, but | don't mind. The most important thing very boring! for me is nature and | really enjoy it here. (Clara) (Dennis) Now answer the questions. 11. Which is the best place in the world for Clara to live in? 3. Why doesn’t Dennis like the city? 2. Why does Clara like living in the city? 4, Which is the most important thing for Dennis? © comparative - Supertative Form * We use the comparative form to compare two people, animals or things. An adjective in the comparative form is usually followed by the word than. Ben is older than Kate. ‘+ We use the superlative form to compare one person, animal or thing with others of the same kind. The article the comes before an adjective in the superlative form. Adjectives in the superlative form are usually followed by the preposition of or in. Dennis is the oldest student in the class / of all. * All one-syllable adjectives and most two-syllable adjectives take tall- taller Jane is taller than Mary. * We form the comparative of adjectives with three or more syllables with more + adjective. expensive - more expensive The green jacket is more expensive than the black jacket. a* All one-syllable adjectives and most two-syllable adjectives take -est. tall- tallest George is the tallest in the class. ‘* We form the superlative of adjectives with three or more syllables with most + adjective. difficult - most difficult This is the most difficult exercise of all. * Adjectives which end in ~e take ~r (comparative) or st (superiative). large - larger - largest * One syllable adjectives which end in one vowel + one consonant, double the consonant and take er (comparative) or -est (superfative). big - bigger - biggest '* Adjectives which end in a consonant + y change the y to I and take —er (comparative) or est (superlative) happy - happier - happiest EI shy - shyer- shyest COMPARATIVE FORM + as + adjective / adverb + as best fae tae Neree Debbie's as tall as her brother. far farther / further | farthest / furthest * not as + adjective / adverb + as many/mucn | more most Geography isn't as interesting as History. + We use Which...? when we want to select one thing or person from a group of things or people. Which mountain is higher? Mt Everest or Mt Kilimanjaro? ‘A. Complete the table. SS happy RETREAT Sse good ARERR TTT tiers ends a RS ide a important tarthesturtest simB. Look at the pictures and the prompts and write sentences. Use the comparative and superlative forms of the adjectives given. = Se x €1.50 €2.00 €3.50 4. lemonade / espresso (cheap) 4. Tom / Charlie (tat) ade is cheaper than thi a 2. cappuccino / three (expensive) 8. Bob / Tom (short Th wiccino 7 ive of the three. — 3. cappuccino / espresso (expensive) 6. Bob / three (short) The cappuccino is m nsive than — hi 2. 7. plane / motorbike (fast) 0. Maths / History (cifficutt) 8. plane / three (fast) 14. Geography / three (easy) 9. tram / three (stow) 12. Maths / three (ditficutt) 49C. Look at the information and write sentences. Use as...as oF not as....28. double-decker: ticket €1.50 helicopter: ticket €60 (expensive) The ticket for the double-decker isn’t _as expensive as the ticket for the helicopter 2. Brian: 15 years old Lucy: 15 years old (old) 3. National Museum: 3,000 visitors a month National Gallery: 3,000 visitors a month (popular) —— 4. November: 20°C August: 35°C (hot) E. Complete with the correct form of the adjectives in brackets. 4.Tim is the (good) driver in his feat 2. The metro is __ (crowded) than the tram, 3. Fay thinks Maths is the (easy) subject of all 4, The book is as (interesting) as the film. Read it, 5. Bill wears _ Jack. (modem) clothes than D. Choose a, 6 or c. 1. James is more friendly John. a.as b, than ©. the 2, Sandra's room isn't tidy as her brother's. a. as b. more ©. most 3. Robert is the man in the world. He won lots of money in a competition. a. luckier b. lucky ©. luckiest The attic is darkest room in my house. a. most" the cas 5. Pam’s hair is as as Alison's. a. longer b. long . longest 6. | think that the important thing in my life is my family. a. more most eas 6. This is the (hot) day of the year. 7. think that the (dangerous) means of transport is the motorbike. 8. Jake is probably the (rude) person in the world. 9. Twenty years ago the streets of our city were (clean) than they are today. 10. Karen isn't as Kathy. (beautiful) asF. Circle the correct words. Tom |’'m really bored. Why don't we play a board game? Kate OK. Let's play the World Atlas game. | love Geography. John Oh, come on Kate. We aren't as (4) better / ‘good as you at Geography. Kate But | think it's (2) the most interesting / most interesting game. Tom Oh, OK then. Let’s play. Kate Which is the (3) higher / highest mountain in Asia, Tom? Tom Erm... Mt Everest? Kate That's right! Good for you! Now, John, which is the longest river in North and South America? John it's the Mississippi in the USAI Kate Well, the Mississippi is (4) the longest / as long as river in the USA but it isn’t as (5) longer than / long as the Amazon in Brazil Tom Oh, yes | forgot about the Amazon. OK, Kate, I've got one for you. Where does the (6) most famous / more famous bicycle race take place? Kate In France, of course. Tom That's right. But how did you know that? You aren't good at sport. Kate Well, 'm Lance Armstrong's (7) biggest / bigger fan! He was the (8) best / good cyclist of all time and he won the Tour de France seven times! Work in pairs. Look at the activities in the pictures below and compare them using the words in the box. pet | reading watchingTV easy difficult exciting interesting boring bad good 5 jemi Li doing the washing-up washing the car 1 think that reading is more ... than ‘watching TV. What do you think? | think that reading isn’t as ... as watching TV. Think about two friends of yours. Compare them and write a few sentences about them. Use some of the words in the box. tall short thin My friend... is chubby old than my friend... beautiful clever st‘A. Complete with the correct form of can, could, may or might. a you wait for me? | can be there in 5 minutes. 2. Ihave a glass of orange juice, please? 3. As | speak to Reggie, please? B:He is not at home right now. He be at Penny's house. A: Thank you very much. | call him later! 4. A:Dad, | go to Irma's party? B:0f course you But please come back before midnight. 5A: | borrow your car tonight? B: No, I'm afraid you Your mum and | are going out for dinner. 8. Complete the blanks with Let's... How about...?, Why don't..? 1. A: I'm really hungry. having fish and chips at Mike's? B: OK. No way! | hate fish and chips. have pizza at the new Italian restaurant. 2. A: This dress is really nice. you buy it? B: No, it’s very expensive. _ go to the shop in King’s Street! The dresses there are cheaper. : I'm so bored. We go to the cinema? The film Dangerous City starts at 7 o'elock. Great! School's over! having a party? : Im really tired. : Yeah! get atari, C. Complete with the prepositions of movement in the box. 4. When they were on holiday last year, they travelled Dover Calais by ship. 2. James tried to climb the mountain, but he couldn't get to the top. So, he came the mountain sad and tired. 3. Tun Devon Street. You'll see the library on your right. 4. My dad never throws litter 5. You need to drive 6. Yesterday morning John was walking 7. He goes jogging the window when he drives. ‘the tunnel to arrive in Jordan City. Fleet Street when a car accident happened. the lake every day.D. Look at the map and complete with the prepositions of place in the box. 4. The hospital is the university and the library. 2. The bus stop is the school. 3. The park is the palace. 4, The cinema is the car park. 5. The petrol station is ‘the car park. F. Look at the pictures and write sentences. Use the prompts and the comparative and superlative forms or a‘ Sea Ho ger Wiens | — Galva E. Complete with the correct form of the adjectives in brackets. Is Iceland the country in the world? (cold) 2. The mobile phone was _ than the watch. (expensive) 3. Recycling is one of the ways to protect the environment. (good) 4. Julie's house is from the city centre than Nigel's house. (far) 6. Which is the lake in Africa? (large) 6. There are islands in Greece than in Spain. (many) 7. Gregg isn't as in art as Keith. (interested) 8. Wow! James won 1 million euros in the lottery! He's the person on earth, (lucky) waterside hi Wetting! 1. Blue Sea Hotel / old / four _The blue Sea Hotel is the oldest of the four 2. Bellview Hotel / old / Lakeview Hotel 3. Lakeview Hotel / old / Waterside Hotel + 5, Waterside Hotel / new / four Waterside Hotel / new / Bellview Hotel 53Zero Conditional Future going to Look at the picture and read the dialogue. Luke | read something really interesting in a magazine yesterday and I'm going to do an experiment. If you keep a goldfish in a dark room for days, it turns white! Isn't it amazing? Doris Oh, no! Are you going to try it on your fish? Poor Goldie! Luke Don't worry, it's going to be all right. We're just going to call it Snowy after the experiment! Write T for True or F for False. 1. Luke is going to do an experiment. 2. A goldfish turns white when you keep it in a room without any light. 3. Doris likes Luke’s idea. . Goldie is going to become white. 5. After the experiment, Goldie's going to have a new name. °e Zero Conditional * Zero Conditionals express general truths. re OO000 Ifyou mix yellow and blue, | you get green. * Zero Conditionals consist of the if-clause and the main clause. When the if-clause is before the main clause, we separate the two clauses with a comma. If you don’t water plants, they die. [EET Plants aie if you don’t water them. BELG |” Zero Conditionals we can use when instead of If. When you mix yellow and blue, you get green. @ Future going to tam I'm not He/She/Itis going to travel | He/She/It isn’t going to travel We/You/They are We/You/They aren'tam 1 going to travel? | Yes, | am, No, I'm not. Is he/she/it going to travel? | Yes, he/she/itis. No, he/she it isn't, Are _we/you/they going to travel? | Yes, we/youythey are. | No, we/you/they aren't. ‘+ for plans and actions that we intend to do in the future, tomorrow / tonight 1/m going to travel to Australia this summer. next month/year/week/Tuesday, etc. * for predictions based on evidence. this weekend/week/month, etc. Look at the clouds! It’s going to rain. nen nemo ee, soon ‘A. Match the two halves of the Zero Conditionals. 1. If there’s a snowstorm, a. you need a passport. 2. You protect the environment. . when it’s hot. 3. If you want to travel to the UK, «. it's difficult to climb a mountain. 4, When you mix red and white, 4. you get pink 5. | have a shower twice a day e. when you recycle old newspapers and magazines. 6. If 've got some free time, . Irelax and watch TV. 8. Join the sentences to form Zero Conditionals. Use the words in brackets. 4. Babies are often hungry. Then, 4. I's usually very hot in the they ery. (when) summer, Plants need lots of i Wee ae water. (when) Q 9g ee _ SETA 2. often get lost when | go to the 5. Sometimes people are rude and city centre. So, | use my map. (if) selfish. These people haven't got many friends. (if) 3. | sometimes feel really tired. Then, 6. It's often windy in the winter. Then, | listen to classical music. (if oo you can't travel by boat. (when) 5556 C. Look at the pictures and the prompts. Write sentences using the Future going fo, as in the example. They / Tide / horse Laura / buy / a pair of trousers Liam / play / tennis D. Complete the dialogue with the Future going to of the verbs in brackets. Alice Hey, Alex! What (2) you (do) this weekend? Alex | (2) (organise) a birthday party for my friend Anna. Alice That's nice! Where (3)__ the party (take) place? ‘Alex | don't know. | (4)__ (call) John and ask him if we can have the party at his house. Alice He (5) ____ (not be) here at the weekend. He (6), (visit) his aunt, Alex Really? Then he (7) _ (not come) to ‘the party. Alice No, he isn't. So (8) you ie (look for) another place? Alex Yes, | am! Can you help me? Alice Sure!E. Choose a, bor c. 4. They build a shopping centre next to the museum. a. going b. are going, ©. are.going to 2. When it gets dark in the desert, it __ cold. a. is getting b. gets . is going to get 3, Tom is going to Italy. He is going _ us lots of souvenirs. a. bring b. brings . to bring 4. Our room is very messy. We to tidy it this afternoon. a. going b. are going «. is going 5. When our teacher is angry, she _ a. shout b. is shouting ¢. shouts 6. Ifwe — rubbish in the streets, we keep our city clean. a. aren't throwing b. don’t throw ©. going to throw Work in pairs. Take turns to ask and answer questions about what you are going to do on Friday afternoon. You can use some of the ideas in the box. Are you going to ... on Friday afternoon? ae Yes, am. / No, I'm not. play computer games. eerie play chess \n are you going to... I'm going to ... at 6:00. have a ... lesson ee seis ‘go shopping ‘What else are you going to do on Friday’ I'm going to ... go to a concert going go to a café hang out with friends Complete the sentences. I Sm 57P Future wil! - Read and complete the dialogue with the sentences a-c. (a) a. I'll do my best _] Til Jump out ofthe car | [c. "i try to calm her down} Grammar | Oruture win Affirmative \/He/She/it will play We/You/They “Pl Questions win W/he/she/it pray we/you/they 58 7 Conditional Sentences Type 1 . - Slow down, James, or ! LOOK OUT, | sai! | Oh, my goodness! If | want her / to stop shouting, | must go slowly. But if | don’t drive fast, we won't get to the Popwave > Festival on time. (2) by OK, Lara, (3) darling, Don't be afraid. J Negative / /He/She/It won't (wll not play We/You/They . Short Answers / Verse sy | yo, Miers we/you/they we/you/they* predictions, usually with the verbs think and believe. | believe / think he won't come tonight. '* spontaneous decisions that we make at the moment of speaking. ike these sunglasses. I'll buy them! * offers. I'll help you with the washing-up. * warnings and threats. Be quiet or I'll tell your mum. ‘+ promises. J won't lie to you again, | promise. * requests. Will you help me with my homework? tomorrow/tonight next month/yeat/week/Tuesday, etc. this weekend/week/month, ete. in an hour/year, ete. soon © conditional Sentences Type 4 ‘+ We use Conditional Sentences Type 1 to express somet! present or future. is possible to happen in the If + Present Simple ‘Modal Verbs (may, might, can, must) If you go to John's party, you must buy a present. ‘A. Match. 1. | haven't got any money to buy this CD. a. | promise | won't do it again. 2. Daniel is crazy about music. b. I'll look it up in the dictionary. 3, You were very rude to the waiter. ©. Will you help me tidy it? 4 have no idea what this word means. 4. Yeah, | know. I think he'll become a singer. 5. This room is a mess but | feel very tired. e. Buy me a new one or Ill tell Dad. 6. I'm sorry | broke your CD player. f. lll buy it for you.B. Complete the dialogue with the Future Will of the verbs in brackets. Tony Hey Mum, look at that red bike. It’s cool. (4) you (buy) it for my birthday? ‘Mum No, | (2) __. You don't need a new bike. Tony Oh, come on Mum, please. | promise | (3)__ (take) out the rubbish for a month Mum | said ‘no’. Tony Oh, Mum. | (4)___ (wash) your car for two months. Mum Tony, stop it or | (5), Tony Oh, OK. But | think | (6)__ __ (not get) you a birthday present at all (need) some new clothes for the party. Mum Mmm... That's a good idea. We (7). (go) shopping and buy some clothes. C. Read the sentences and make Conditional Sentences Type 1. 1. Bill must run very fast or he won't win the race. 2, Do you feel tired? You must go on holiday. tBill uns very fast, he will win the race. / If Bill doesn't run very fast, he won't win the race a Oo ws 4, The mobile phone might be expensive so Patty might 3, Take a taxi or you'll be late for work. not buy it. 5. Are you cold? Take a jacket with you. Don't write on the desk! You'll be in trouble. 60D. Choose aor b. 4. If my sister can't do the experiment, | 8. 'm hungry, I will a sandwich. her . a. to make b. make . will hel . dee pre, 6. If you to go shopping tomorrow, let 2. John will be very upset if you____ his me know. invitation. a. to decide b. decide fe ee 7. If you need anything, just the button Iritrains, an umbrella. ‘and someone will come and help you. a, will take b. take a. pushing ». push 4. Will you my dog while 'm away? 8. Are you ready? | you to the airport. a. take care of taking care of a. take b. will take E. Complete with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. 2. If you (travel) to Africa, you must wear light clothes. 2. If Jake doesn’t study hard, he (not do) well at school. 3. This party is horrible. | think | (go) home. 4. We can go to the cinema tonight if you (like). 5. Beth doesn't like seafood. | (cook) something else for her. 6. Stop talking or you (be) in trouble. 7. Don't do the washing-up, Mum. | (do) it. 8. If you get bored, (come) to the youth olub. Work in pairs. Use the prompts to make questions and discuss with your partner. Write a few sentences about what you think schools will be like in the future. Think about the following: rt shool 61‘A. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. 2. Ifyou 2. If John 3. If you are rude and selfish, you 4,We 5. If they 6. If Donna answers this question, she 7. When you take fish out of the water, they __ 8. When you throw litter in rivers and lakes, you B. Match the two halves of the sentences. 4. When it rains, 2. If | change my mind about the cinema, 3. When you use public transport, 4. IF you mix blue and yellow, 5. If it doesn't rain tomorrow, 6. If Kim does well in Science, C. Look at the poster and expand the notes to write sentences about what's going to happen on Science-Earth Day. * Dr Everwood shows us how to save energy * Do experiments and find out how you can help the environment + Plant trees + Collect rubbish from the lake and streets ‘= Make your own recycling bins * Go on a nature walk * Brian Donaldson sings our favourite songs at the end of the day (want), I'll paint your portrait. (do) his homework in the afternoon, he'll come to the cinema with us this evening. (not make) many friends. (not climb) the mountain tomorrow if there is a snowstorm. (take) the underground, they will arrive sooner. (get) 500 euros! (die). (make) the problem of water pollution worse a. we will clean up the park. . her parents will buy her a telescope. ©. you get green, d. my father doesn't go fishing, e. you help the environment. f. Iwill meet you there. D. Complete the dialogues with the Future will of the verbs in brackets. ee eet) 0 B: Don't worry! | (drive) you there. 2. A: | think you brilliant scientist one day. ___ (become) a B: Well, | don't know about brilliant but | believe ' ___ (be) a very hard-working scientist. 3. A: When 1 (find) time to do all the washing-up, tidy my room and take out the rubbish? B: I'm leaving now so |__ (take) the rubbish out for you. 4. Az Don't be so rude or | {not speak) to you again. B: I'm sorry. | promise | (not do) it again.Present Perfect Simple Look at the picture and read the dialogue. Donna Mmm... This chickens delicious! Alice It's Thai chicken. Have you ever tried Thai food before? Donna No, | haven't. But I've always wanted to. Yummy! It's really good. Alice Yes, my dad’s been to Thailand twice and he’s learnt how to make it, Donna Lucky you! Alice Well, not really. You see, Mum’s gone to Portugal on business and she won't be back before next month. And Dad cooks Thai food all the time! Now match the two halves of the sentences. 1. Donna is in Portugal now. 2. Alice's dad Is bored of Thai food. 3. Alice’s mum has been to Thailand. 4. Alice has never tried Thal food before. Present Perfect Simple ruutronws | swonrronms | ruutromws | suontronws | have played Ihave not played | | haven't played You have played You have not played | You haven't played He has played He has not played | He hasn't played She has played She has not played | She hasn't played It has played It has not played It hasn't played We have played We have not played | We haven't played You have played You have not played You haven't played ‘They have played They have not played | They haven't played Have | played? Yes, | have. No, | haven't Have you played? | Yes, you have. No, you haven't. Has he played? | Yes, he has. No, he hasn't. Has she played? | Yes, she has. No, she hasn't Has it played? Yes, it has. No, it hasn't Have we played? | Yes, we have. No, we haven't. Have you played? | Yes, you have. No, you haven't. Have they played? | Yes, they have. | No, they haven't. 632. Jenny / just / buy / new 2. Thomas and Kim / win / 3. Peter and Mary / ever / travel / telescope / ? science competition /? helicopter / ? No» camera No > dance competition Yes Has Jenny just bought anew telescope? No, she hasn't. She has just ___ bought anew camera. “a ss 4. Helen / ever / ride / horse / ? 5. Brad / just / meet / famous 6. Sam / ever / try / Yes scientist / ? bungee-jumping / 7 No » famous cyclist No »» windsurfing F. Complete the dialogue with the Present Perfect Simple of the verbs in the box. Say decide buy read be not answer want «ask Barry So, where are you going on holiday this Barry _|!s anybody coming with you? summer? (2)____you ‘Wendy Well, | (5)____ Mary and Sally, yet? my two best friends. Mary (6) Wendy Yes, | have. I'm going to Spain. already yes, but Sally Barry You (2) always @__ yet. She's not sure. to go to Spain, right? Wendy It's my favourite country. | (3) a lot of books about it but | (4) never there. Barry What about the tickets? (8) __ you __ them yet? Wendy No, not yet. Next week. Barry Well, have a nice holid:9 “BuINp-DgrDS pany LuaADY | Ing Buyros wsEq BADY | "Jou Jo sonianoe asauy auop aney NOK JONJOYM BuIKes SBoua|USs 914m ‘Uay] “BUNIOXa 10 ZuNsaioqU! a1 HUI NOK SeIIAYDE G Jo IS e HEWN, en a i ava 1 breyphuane gr « Fl = yous» 290}. « Oo vaso Pury « soypinpuns 00% « om jo seyr0g hng « bog busdoays hng « oy ped» “ju@AeY | ‘ON / “OneY | ‘Se, 239K u9) otf punos Nok oneH ‘AUOP Sey NOK Jo YRS }eYM Jnoge SUONSANb JOMSUE PUL YSE O} SLUM Oye) ‘UOYL YOULEd 4nok Mos 3,UOp ng ‘auop aney nok Jeu) SBuIL Ba44y (A)¥O1L “MO|aq ISI] BUI UO BuILaAIONe Op ISNWI NOK “enea| nok a10jag “puayaem au} 10} ZuIdueo ZuIoB axe JeUed sNOK pur NOK yey eUIEU| “SUIEd UL Y10M, 219K auop ay j,usey yeym pue auop Apeasje ay sey yeyM “Op O} sjueM UYOr sGuNY) BuNtoxa Jo ys1| ay) Ye Y007 "9© Present Perfect Simple vs Past Simple ‘The Present Perfect Simple is used: * for actions that happened in the past , but we don't mention when exactly. ‘The Past Simple is used: * for actions which happened at a specific time in the past. I have visited Africa, Time Expressions ever, never, before, always, just how long, so far, since, for, already, yet | visited Africa last summer. Time Expressions last week/month/year, ago, yesterday, in 1990, ete. | » [SGI] + 260 is always used with the Past Simple. | went hiking two weeks ago. * before is used with the Present Perfect Simple. I've been hiking before. A. Use the prompts below to write sentences using the Present Perfect Simple and for or since as in the example, 1. Lorraine / be / photographer / ten years 4.1 / not see / a film / two months Lorraine has been a photographer for ten _ years 2. Michael / work / in Germany / February 5. Linda / read / two history books / Monday 3, My sisters / not play / beach volleyball / last summer 6. Paul / not eat / anything / 11 am B. Circle the correct words. 1. | haven't visited Laura for / since last week. 5. We haven't been on holiday in / since 2003. 2. | bought some new clothes two weeks ago / 6. before. saw Mr Smith an hour before / ago. 7. Harty tried canoeing in / since 1999. Se ae hed hae ene een 4berores 8. Betty has wanted to eat ice cream for / last 4, My parents have had this house for / since a Ce long time.7 ©. Circle the correct words. 1. A: How long have you lived / did you live in this house by the sea? B: Since 1990 but | have bought / bought it in 1989, 2. | have travelled / travelled to Paris two years ago but | haven't been / wasn't there since then. 3. Eric and Megan have tried / tried rock climbing last May, but they haven't tried / didn’t try bungee-jumping yet. 4, Brenda has always wanted / always wanted to take part in a competition but she hasn't done / didn’t do that yet. 5. A: So, you have gone / went to Africa last summer, right? B: Yes, it has been / was great. A: Have you seen / Did you see any wild animals? B: Of course. | really have liked / liked the zebras. (ou're lucky. | have never seen / never saw a wild animal. . Look at the pictures and the prompts. Write questions and answers using the Past Simple and the Present Perfect Simple, as in the example. BA =k 1. Ann / ever / visit / Egypt /? 2. Your sister / break / leg / 3. You / ever / eat / Japanese Yes > two years ago before / ? food / ? Yes > in 1998 Yes -» last week Ann_ever vi Egypt? Yes_she has. She visited diallers al cbse} Sa 0 4. Donna and Stephanie / try / _§. Your brothers / travel / by 6. Kevin/ ever / cook / ? surfing / ? ship / before / ? Yes > three days ago Yes > yesterday Yes > last SaturdayE. Complete the sentences using the Present Perfect Simple or the Past Simple of the verbs in brackets. Fred Hey Kelly, where (1) you (be)? 1 (2) (not see) you around since June! : Kelly Well, a month ago my family and | (3) (G0) to Italy and we (4)__ (visit) my aunt Gabriella. Fred (5)_________you__ (have) a good time? Kelly Yes, it (6)_ (be) great. We (7) (not spend) a lot of time by the sea though, because my mum (8) (want) to visit all the museums and art galleries. What about you? Fred Actually, I'm going on holiday to Tenerife next week. | (9) (never / be) to the Canary Islands before. Kelly Really? So you (10), (not climb) the famous Roque de los Muchachos in Tenerife. Fred No, | haven't. My brother (14) (be) there twice! But | (22) (try) scuba diving at El Toro in Mallorca. Kelly | (13) (not do) anything exciting! Next year I'm coming with you! Talk in pairs. Take turns to ask and answer questions about the ideas below. ihe How long have you lived inthis town? I've lived here for ..../ since .. Write sentences about the ideas below. Say whether you have done them before and when. * visit / a museum/art gallery * travel / by train/plane * try / horse riding/scuba diving © drink a milkshake -Lhave visited the National Museum. | went there last summer Lhaven’t nA. Complete the sentences with the Present Perfect ‘Simple of the verbs in brackets. LI _ (study) English for 3 years. 2.We ____ (not see) that film yet. 3. Dennis__ (already / have) dinner. 4 (you / read) the newspaper today? 5. My grandfather Gust / wake) up. 6. Carol (not take) the dog for a walk yet. a (Brian / show) you his new computer game? 8 (they / ever / try) scuba diving? B. Choose a, bor c. 1. We have been to Italy before. a.ever b. never ©. since 2. Eddie has liked canoeing. always — b. just ©. ever 3. Mr Forbes has worked as a zookeeper 1978, a. for b. since ein 4. Have you travelled by helicopter? a.ever b. so far ©. before 5. We haven't been to the cinema weeks. a.since —b. ago ©. for 6. Our team has won three games a.never —b. So far C. Complete with have/has been or have/has gone. 2. A: Is Sarah there? B: No, she isn’t. She ©. since to the new theme park. She'll be back in the evening, A: Oh, | there. It's fantastic! __ already 2, A: Tammy and Sue sent me this postcard from London. _ you ever — there? B: No. But are you sure they to London? | thought they were in Paris. A: Have you visited the restaurant in Milton Avenue? B: No, but my brother there. Let's ask him what it’s like. He went last week D. Use the prompts to write sentences. Use the Past Simple or the Present Perfect Simple. 4. We / buy / our dog Bruno / last year /. 2. Allan / just / join / the youth club /. 3. Tina / not do / her homework / last night /. 4. you / ever / be / in a snowstorm /? E. Complete using the Present Perfect Simple or the Past ‘Simple of the verbs in brackets. Karen Holmes (4) (be) a writer for many years now. She (2) of the most popular books of all times. She (write) some (3)____ mite) her first book when she a (be) 19 years old. It was a children’s book and it (6) of copies in 1999. But Karen (6)__ (not want) to write only children's books. She (sell) lots Ome (decide) to start travelling to have more experiences. Since 1999 she (@)_ (travel) all around Europe. She (9) _ (visit) ots of cities and (a0) (make) lots of new friends. In 2003 she (a4) —_ (meet) her future husband in Paris and now they live there together.m * when we don't want to repeat a singular countable noun that has already been mentioned. ‘A: Which jacket is yours? B: The red one. ‘A. Complete with too or enough. 1, This coat doesn't fit me any more. It's tight. 2. | can’t see anything in here. It’s, dark. Can you turn on the light? 3. | rarely visit my grandparents. | haven't got time. ‘* when we don’t want to repeat a plural countable noun that has already been mentioned. ‘A: Can you give me my gloves? 8: Which ones? The blue ones? 4. These bags are heavy. Can you help me carry them inside? 5. Liam isn't fast . He won't win the race. 6. We're ready for the party. We've got _ food and drinks for everybody. B. Look at the pictures and read the sentences. Write sentences using t00 or enough and the words given. (expensive) 2. Jack can't play basketball | well. (tall) 3. Sally can’t make a chocolate cake. (chocolate) 1, Rob can’t buy the camera. it’s too expensive. FS 4, Pam and Andy don't like this café. (crowded) 5. You can't sit anywhere in this room. (messy) ia 6. Fiona can't go to an exotic place on holiday. (money)C. Rewrite the sentences below. Use the adjectives in the box. Look at the pictures and answer the questions, as in and to0 or enough. the example old cold small easy 1L. Jane can't stay with me because my flat isn't big enough. Janet can't stay with me because my flat is etog'small > 2. Bruce can't drive a car! He's too young, 4. Which jumper is Mary's? The red one 3. Molly can't do the exercise. It's too difficult. 2. Which shirt did Tony try on? 4, | want to wear a T-shirt but it isn’t hot enough. D. Complete with one or on 3. Which car is your Dad driving now? 1. The blue dress is OK, but | like the white bili better. 2. A: | can't find my trainers. : Which, ? The pink 2 3. Tom has got two brothers. The tall 4, Which skirt do you with the curly hair is Charlie. like? : Have you got a DVD player? B: Yes, | bought last week. 5. Ann, can | borrow your blouse? You know, the __ with the flowers. 5. Which gloves are ‘A: Look at that girl over there! yours? : Which _____? A: The with the pink skirt and the white top. B: Oh, yeah, she's really beautiful. = whines 7. Those aren't my sunglasses. The on the phones are Angela desk are mine. and Clara buying? '8. Don’t wear your black jeans. Wear your blue 6Which of the items below would you like to buy? Tick (v) the appropiate boxes. Then, talk in pairs. Which one/ones have you chosen? Why? Which one/ones haven't you chosen? Why not? tT i fl 5 Which dress have you chosen? 5 The red one. | lke it because It's a Jong. | don't like the black one because it's too short. Imagine that you have ordered some of the items of clothing above from the Internet, but you are not happy with them. Write a letter to a friend saying what your problems are. Dear ..., Hi! You won't believe what happen but it isn’t ... enough / it is too... ied. Last week | ordered. T think I'll send everything back and ask for my money back! Yours, 6We use many + plural countable noun usually in questions and in negative sentences. Are there many chairs in the room? We use a lot of / lots of / loads of + uncountable noun and plural countable noun, usually in affirmative sentences. They spend a lot of money on CDs. She has got lots of / loads of problems. We use a little + uncountable noun in affirmative sentences (when there is a ‘small but adequate amount of something.) There's a little sugar in the bowl. We use a few + plural countable noun in affirmative sentences (when there is a ‘small but adequate number of something.) There are a few CDs on my desk. ‘A. Complete with How much or How many. 1 parks are there in New York? 5. children were there at the party? 2 sugar do you want in your coffee? money do you need? 3. songs are there on this CD? t apple juice is there in the fridge? 4 does this digital camera cost? 8. hours do you sleep every night? B. Complete with a few /a little. Joe Let's make something to eat! I'm hungry. Nancy Yeah, me too! Let's see what we've got. Well, ‘there is (4) cheese and (2) eggs. Joe Mmm! And there is (3)___ bread, too. We can make sandwiches. Naney Cool. Have we got anything to drink? Joe Erm... there is (4) orange juice in the fridge. You can have it. | don’t drink orange juice. Nancy There are (5) cans of coke, to0. You ‘can drink coke if you want. Joe Great!€. Complete with much, many or a lot of /tots of. 4. There aren't people in the café. . There's. water in the fridge. - Jason hasn't got homework for tomorrow. 4. There isn’ sunlight in this room. 5. There are _ cars in the city centre. 6. Lisa hasn't got skirts. Only two, D. Choose a, bor c. 2. There aren't books on my desk. a. many be much e. lots 2. She can buy everything she wants. She's got money. a. many ba few ©. loads of 3. Come on! We haven't got time. The film starts in half an hour. a. much b. few e. many people take the bus to work. a.lotsof —_b. Lot of e. Much 5. It's September but there are still tourists on the island aalittle bafew e.much 6. There is milk. | think it's enough for the cake. a. many b.a few ealittle 7. There are of beautiful plants in my grandmother's garden. a. much b.alot ¢. many E. Write sentences about yourself using much, many, a lot of, a few, a little and the prompts, as in the example. 1. have got / posters / in / room F poster 1 -many posters in my room. 2. drink / coke / 3. invite / friends / to / birthday party 4. spend / money / when / go shopping 5. read / magazines / in / free time 6. spend / time / with / friends 79F. Match the questions 1-5 with the responses a-e. 4. Have you got many red T-shirts? 2. How much pocket money do you get? 3. How much is the MP3 player? 4, How many days a week do you work? 5. How much water do you drink a day? a. Just a few glasses. b. It’s cheap. Only €99. ©. €20 a week. 4. Only three. I've got a parttime job. . No, but I've got loads of blue ones. . Take turns to ask each other the questions in the quiz below using How much/How many, circle the appropiate answers and add up your partner's score. Then, report to the class. ~ Ta money / you / spend / on clothes? ‘a. A lot of money. b. A little money. ¢. No money at all. D.magazines / you / buy / every week? a. Loads of magazines. b. Only a few magazines. ¢. | don't buy any magazines. CDs / you / buy ? ‘a. | buy lots of CDs. b. | don't buy many CDs. ¢. | never buy CDs. a. Lots of money. b. I don’t spend much money. ¢. I never go out. money / you / spend / when / you / go out? ies More As? You need to be more careful. You spend too much money. More Bs? Good for you! You won't have any money problems. More Cs? You need to enjoy life more. Don't be afraid to spend a little money. How much money do you spend on clothes? A lot of money. Use the ideas in the Speaking activity above and write about yourself and your spending habits.‘A. Complete the sentences with who or which. 4. Jack is the person introduced me to Nicole. 2. Spanish is a language many people like. 3. Pandas are animals can climb trees. 4. This is the actor won the Oscar last year. 5. James, can you give me back the jacket you borrowed yesterday? 6. A portable radio is something ____you can carry everywhere. 7. That's the lifeguard 8. That's the artist saved my life. became famous by acoident. C. Continue the sentences with your own ideas. 4. There's the DVD that B. There is an extra word in each of the sentences below. Cross it out. 2. This is the digital camera that | bought it for Maggie. 2. A pilot is a person who he flies planes. 3. The armehair which I've got it in my bedroom is red. 4. Look at that parrot which it is flying through our window! 5. | met a girl last night who she is really beautiful. 6. Where are the CDs that you were listening to ‘them yesterday? 2. There's the girl who 3. | went to the cinema which 4, A dog is a pet that & Mies ameson Is erteacher tate weemee seD. Match the two halves of the sentences. Then join them using who, which or that to make sentences. I the pronouns can be omitted, put them in brackets. ‘Amap is something... —— The rhino and the cheetah are animals... 1. a. 3. A firefighter is a person... 4. Cricket is a sport. 5. ‘Guernica’ is the masterpiece. 6. Neil Armstrong was the first man. 7. Liverpool is the football team... 8. A photographer is someone, a. .... many people in England play. .- Pablo Picasso painted. won the Champions League this year. helps you find your way when you're lost. e. .... walked on the moon. f. .... are in danger. &..... saves people's lives. takes pictures, 8384 E. Join the sentences. Use who, which or that. I the pronouns can be omitted, put them in brackets. 4. Here's the painting, | bought it in Venice. -Here’s the painting (which/that) | bought in Venice 2. Do you like this song? | wrote it for Peter. 3. The girl is my cousin. She lives in that big house. 4, There's the teacher. She works at Kent Primary School. 5. Look at this €50 note. | found it yesterday. 6. Anna went to the cinema with a girl. She met her at Alice’s party. 7. Every Sunday we go to a restaurant. It's near our house. Talk pairs. Use the ideas below. * a film / see / last month + a song / like / a lot Name a film (which)you saw last month. The Lord of the Rings! * a teacher / like / most © a friend / visit / last week + a thing / buy / yesterday Write sentences using your partner's answers in the Speaking activity above. Te last month was The LoréIhave to go. He/She/It has to go We/You/They have to go I don't have to go He/She/It doesn't have to go We/You/They don't have to go No, | don't. No, he/she/it doesn't No, we/you/they don't Do | have to go? Yes, | do. Does he/she/it have to go? | Yes, he/she/it does. Do we/you/they have to go? | Yes, we/you/they do. * in the affirmative and interrogative to express obligation in the present and future. Students have to do their homework every day. * in the negative to express absence of obligation (when something is not necessary). Don't / doesn’t have to is not a synonym of mustn't. You don't have to come to work so early. You mustn't be late for work. Had to is the past tense of must / have to and expresses obligation in the past. ‘She didn’t come to the party because she had to study for the Maths test. * The negative form didn’t have to expresses absence of obligation in the past. ! borrowed Paul's camera, so I didn’t have to buy a new one. ‘A. Complete with must / mustn't. 1. Betty has got problems with her teeth. She 4. You shout in the hospital. eat lots of sweets. 5. Scott study hard for the 2. You drive fast. It's dangerous. Geography test. It's going to be difficult. 3. Children drink lots of milk. It’s 6. In the summer you stay in the good for them, ‘sun for too long.B. Complete the sentences with mustn't or don'i/doesn't have to. ane wake up early at the weekends. There’s no school. 2. It’s cloudy outside. You wear sunglasses. 3. The baby is sleeping. You turn on the radio! 4. You look directly at the sun. You will damage your eyes. 5. Beverly take a taxi to work. I'l drive her there. 6. People - talk on their mobile phone while driving. They may have an accident. 7. Ben buy a sleeping bag. He can borrow mine. 8. Natalie cross the street alone. It's dangerous. C. Look at the pictures and the prompts and write questions and answers. Use have fo. 1. Mary / work / afternoon /? 2. John / buy / ticket / ? 3. your brothers / clean / room / > No / morning > Yes every day /? > No / weekend Does Mary have to work the afternoon? ee — lo, she doesn’t. She has to work in the morn 4. Jil / stay / in bed / ? 5. Carol / study / History / tonight / 6. they / wear / uniform / ? > Yes 2» No / Geography > Yes 7D. Read the prompts below and write sentences. Use ‘have ton the correct tense. 4. Peter / drive / mother / airport / yesterday Peter had to drive his mother to the airport f iar cvs’) REnasainan a sBEERERES ES ESEESEESESEEREEES 2. Martha / take / dog for a walk / every evening 3. Judy / buy / new printer / last week 4. Mr Robertson / not / work / long hours / every day 5. We / not / cook / last Saturday Talk in pairs about ‘+ two things you must do every day ‘* two things you don't have to do at home * two things you had to do \then you were younger * two things you mustn't do at school / in class Ql HEE ELELAN & E. Choose a, bor c. 1. Drivers wear seatbelts. a. must b. must to . has to 2. If you want to make more money, you to work long hours. b. have not have e. must 3. Your computer has got a virus. You use it because it will destroy all your files. . don’t have a. mustn't . must 4. You give those flowers to Anna. She's allergic to them. bb. don’t have to a. mustn't e. must 5.We take our digital camera with us. We can borrow Charlie's. b. have to a. mustn't ¢, don't have to I must do my homework every day. | don’t have to do the washing-up at home. Look at the Speaking activity above and write sentences. Every day | must At home. ‘When | was younger At school‘A. Complete the sentences using foo or enough and the words in brackets. . (expensive). 1.A: These sandals are I'm not going to buy them! B: How about those ones? They only cost €30. You've got (money) to get them. 2. A: Kate, wake up, it's time for school! B: Oh Mum, it's 3. A: Hello, | would like to try this skirt on, but | don’t think it's (big) for me. B: What size is it? If it's 36, it's (small). | think your size is 38. B. Circle the correct words. 1. Mmm, you look great in that dress. | think you should buy it. The one / ones we saw yesterday wasn't as nice, 2. A: Have you seen my shirt? B: Which one / ones? The red one / ones? 3. A: | love these jeans. They're very trendy. B: | lke the one / ones with the flowers more. 4, Not all DVD players are expensive. That one / ones over there is quite cheap. Let’s get itt ©. Complete using how much, how many, a little or a few. LA lemonade have we got? B: Only two bottles. ‘A: We need to buy _____ more soft drinks and snacks for the party. people have we invited? ‘bout 30, Let's go to the supermarket together. Just give me 2. A: What's for lunch? B: 'm making hot dogs. do you want? A: I'm very hungry. | want three. But don’t forget. Put just ketchup on my hot dogs. B: Yeah, yeah, I know. What about chips? A: Just | don’t like them very much. is this red top? minutes to get ready. 3. A: Excuse me, 40. (early) t's only 7am. A: Have you got it in green? B: Let me see. I've got No, sorry. tops here... D. Circle the correct words. 4. There aren't much / many white tigers left in India. 2. Debbie hasn't got much / many free time. 3. Nowadays you can download loads of / a lot songs from the Intemet. 4, There’s many / a lot of cheese in the fridge. Let's make a cheese pie. 5. | got lots of / lot of presents on my birthday. E. Complete with who, which or that. t the pronouns can be ‘omitted, put them in brackets. 2. The boy works at the Internet Café is my cousin, 2. Ricky Martin is the singer at the concert. we saw 3, The cake Mum made yesterday was delicious. 4. | gave the bag | found in the street to the police. 5. Tony lives in a village isin the mountains. F. Choose a, bor c. 1. You __ eat in the classroom. if the teacher sees you, you'll be in trouble. a. don't have to b. must . mustn't 2. Mary study hard. She is taking an English exam tomorrow. a. have to b. has to ©. had to 3. When I was young, | school. It wasn't far. a. don't have to. didn’t have to ¢. mustn't do the washingup, Paul will do it, b. mustn't ©. have to look after my baby take the bus to 4, You a. don't have to 5. Last summer | sister in the mornings. a. have to b. must ©. had to 89