e e ee ee eee ORR HH “ANS PORTA TION ENGG Jaspal Sir J.1G Dec -20. INTRODUCTION The Porless of Gone yonte tom om fol te anolbrg £6 tex wo °S Toons pentohon TNS pupa hog hos foliming elles Oa the Svtin -Cloromse Asvect of life @— Te helps in Prgmss ond advonémemnt of Gomanieg > eHitient tomsprtabion is escentiol for Ve a, Povspeoity and clevelopment of the Gun — Th helps tc movement io emensen by Befente of the Country Gnd to mvinloin Ube Inw ond ordeg Medium OF Transprotatipn “Founspona ton Go be ovmeved hy ony of Ps ) Land ‘hog Meho 4) PiPtline 2) Water } Majos 5) Gnveyor Belts 3 Air 8) Elevator Minoy Y @bke Grs 3) Hope ways ) Hyper loopi ° On the basis of above media pb Teonspoora hon jolming Mdj07 @ Moks of Tounsprttaion Ove used 9) Roaduinys Heghwony fer Rowd To0nsposty hoo b) Roviways for Raj] Toons porta tion SD Water ways fos water Tooastorig bv 3) Airways fir it Tounsportato Time of Trove) Airway Fras < Pane rong Cost oF Fan ; Ve, 4 1 Airway > Food > jeoiy Woy > Wolexyy Reit F075 poxtauvin “i & TE is the moverent vf Multiple Wijons oF & king OF wing. @ With Slee) wheels Dvir lwo Pavelle| Shee) amis, trot otkers Compogiivery leBex acsistonle ° ° Ac Henle the Gost of —Famnspostabion by ls metho ig Uproar © ! oh Ckthe of that by mad) Toonsroavtio Lue st ic oe Flensble Comp aibiVery ° ab Railways ame (onsideoud OS 2 Artevies of Cntacs tomnspy © Tobin System ‘So © Wa e ky “Frnspostation e TE Diless minimum resistonte to -tmibion Henle chepest me iy @ Ams Une all @ eX But the bye WU zd \'n this (ose Compose yey Mor ee 'S Sulnbh fo Trensponnhon of BulkGoods of atl yely low Val heay £ ‘ Ais TPS Pe Autrey * TENS the Fastest Mebnod arongsl. all Tmnswaatvn But Gost involved in this 6 also very high *& TENS Suitabh toy THN SP v Auton of High value Givds on leg Hous A Ths metro ss elected /Y Weoloer (onokbon hike gems, fe [Rove Toons povtatinn oxtt 1S he most Henjble mole of Fronspoatotion amongst Ue e an ' ‘ Oy Buk it Gnsumes Pekwleum Products ok highest mile ond Bale of Cmission oF Pollutonts in ts Lose iS OIs0 Mannym @e2e0000+ Myr Kod Townsprastion i5 auhieved by Highway ond Fapzessumy * Hiqpwoys Ore Speciqn bye of svnds , Designed b allow high Speed Of Vehrtles * It ig GJeocrnily Coostautad on emboovoment Ds Betex Dowirnge Pocitity —_ Safety in flood Time ——> No Inter) enky oF Pabhic Jonimors Ex - Nating) Highwoy (NH) , State Highwoy bw) & Exprssways an Superiog bype of Migrwoy whith Bae des, GS dracct Sort of Connevivirg biv tuo defined plates. ¥ TE oMonIce the teollic 10 Cranvelisid woy ‘Mumba; — Pune Empress way Yomuna Ewresswoy (Dei - Aya) COSC CC Ee CC eee ROoeEeSe COO CEE EO OOo ODSDevetopment Of Roods Deveivrmen) of wave took Plale in Feliaving Seaucmuol ovdey )) Roman Roads 2) Tre saguet Rovds 3) MetGall Fradls 4 Tellerd Revels 5) Telford Road 5 @) MoCoolam Roads )) Roman Foods @ X These Wie the Cashics, of rnds developed Fox they mily lozy = g | atoses e se TheSe Wods jnvoves > They Were built Shmignk segustlless of Gadkents — > The soft Smt was mod extavated and semoved UP ky an &x¥ok hoard shvta woe georbedd — > The total thitkress of -Ganstarrt Dialer wag io | “range OF OFF - 1:2 | cal Plain stones Bavken stone With le pe a) Brken Stove Loge foundo be LZDeanbarks of Romon Revels —> No less SIppe 5 Prvided — No Dovinnge Syskem —7 Large fourdotion Stoves were Pavvided at beltom whi, 97 Mouse as Poessuce cue tw Susfoce Ivo deoroses With depth hres they only inlreases vhe Cost 2) Teesa gue, Rowls Prone A The mpin Frotuge of bhese fonds wing reduttion in oVeoD)) Uhithorese of wood upl ZoLm Tn this (ase due Gnsidrebin une given to the mostuae Cond; —tion and davinage of the wae ; The Subgeole was Porpared ond a N01 576 /2Yer of fourdy ug Stone Ope Inidl of) edges Whith otts 05 KERB STONE : K The Sftle bw the Kerbs is then filled with Smalley Stone? Sizeof whith adultes 0% we APPerches ty the top ; Surfole is ob & Here Caves Sore vk li0hG O0Ves the I's Dep ProvighelNote ae MeGIE Ronds were devetwped in Posen be Prpvivas one but MO Forked Khemuse is Bvailpble fos it I7-Dec-20 3) Tel-food: Rove Th thig also henyy foundobion Stones Weare Previa) abe the Soil Sut good and Cass Sly, at lop sushi. wos Piva bo boss Sure the xemoval of Weoley eae leve} Ubzmd was pacpaced of WidthJm @ & Lange fourdahon Stone of thickness J4-22.00 was Iuid DVe6 the 7 Subzoude with logge Stores at the Cotee oad Smoller aL @ te edges ($0 that Cmss Slope avaiable ) Se The Gora) Portion pf obsuk 55m wrelth woe Filleo! with © two Mayers of ong log brken Stones o4 D tan tick Gael Suctatng wos '9id ot twp ond covss Davin wtee Prnided at Gating of Fem A Tnsktad of kesbs 0 layer of broken Stones Weee Usigl by iMpons Iptega) gin biitye ® NOTE from Roman Rods 4 Télfard Roucls two design Gis ° Venn “2 Were Commo _— Subgrede Sul was Conshveted 0 a Jee) Susface = Long Foundation Stones Were Use) to rake. bolton most "Die The Majog dronge in aesigaiog of Mods wae inloduted by [Pacad 4) Macadym fonds, 68) gout 32 oe a omits ; oe : Campocked Soi) subgerde iv ee [Gers Biope 11936) 3 Matadyn Binds dilless trom Prtvious e599 i 0 bow IS Petts —> Soil Subgence Ws also lard. at Cross Slope linss by oun *erGe of Water MIL | —— He wos Ube Fst one Suagesk that loz. forndotion stones » : a nok requ reel tO plole aL bolle layerSimitoaty Ube pexe Iyer of pavement vise OS lonsfouctad f De Dbove this |nyer With bwken Stone of Smalleg S 07 Though the tolul Ubidouss pf Conshuthion woe less but fwd © Ohishi byhon wos Compositivey better e © —~ The Size of brwken Stones pn bor ums decide! op hose of Shabir Under Onime) damon Vthizhle Venicle ikea "Pes of POH alin Were Developed forthe Lonsiawe ton OF bitumenous wvement Layers for use in biSe and Surhy Curses Vs Some pl the sreerfriabion Used jn INDIA ae as Follows ') wu key Bound 2 Cady my (wm J 2) Penetorhon Macadam (pn) 3 Biturroons Maladrrn (3) 4) pense Buund Macathr (DBM) 5) Wet mix Nadadom (wam)DeveLopmeny OF Ronps tN INDIA Mohenjo- Dara: —» Ashokn —»> Muppal —> Brilishers iG vt of Train Passed the a¢Solubpn in 1924 for 2x OPPvIDkm® - ent of a Committee to Cromine the Sluction 970 developing of wads in Tada Unger the IeadeoshiP of Mx Jeyoluy @ e * Major Bt mmendotion of this a7t a8 follows. e e ——> The wad devemPaent in the County should be the subj. ° NATIONAL TVTREST o. Ext Tax Showid be seed pp Petr) from the vSe7s for® evelopment. oF Povds ond Would toe tesmedl os Grote Rood fund ” ° ——=> A Semi offitial = Téahnica) body Should be formed to “ technidal know how for Gevewement of Tools — A won oxgonisntion Should be inSki tubed to 07) ate _ VWStam, and chevelope MW tethniaes of wud ory p® —mMnt 3 XO AS Pes the ve Gommendigion of joynkoy Committee CRF wus Csi bished 10 RED 1929 Hlmn At the OPPava! of Govt a Sem; olbaal bee technique} b WAS formed sn 193, termed 08 tdian Roar! Congres 4 RC) WV 7 1434 motor vehicle ot ws brought 1 plole to frome the (ows and o7dinonle aeiating to Totic [Te Jovesns Vhe . Daves, vericle, oper trons) Conercnte of Orch ergy of Mt Stake wos (ales ky “Re for Chleevye Deeropment of svools in Tada jo Hg [LT 20 Year plan 1443-1463, TL was to mpleteed in 196)] termed ag Nogpur Rowd Orpen Thaget tke] oom ea of anty fr devrinpm ~DE of Wad Uns to be athiond VW) an He Cobol Rood Resear Pnstituke(CReT) ums established for Corgi at 7etaxh of sooo Fechnology ©") ty [456 Nationa! Vighwony Atte was Passed for Plowing Purposes e O©—vTo Dedane: Corti Seteckol higauy ag NH @ eo? PMs. into ony land fiy Loree Out Suavey O—s Te vqmize Cand an andl take Prssesion fox dev'lopmen of Hifhatonye WW Det the Canty lorpletion bf I 20 Vinx Plon i9 Mb] : Wd Yeoy Alon Us imitated in [E)—146) iN Bombs Je for dere opment Dt 32m of Wad ee Per look m* of ® Aveo 2) Toid7s Higpwoy isdn Brant vf TBc woe Setup Lor ¢ Pre direction and Guidente fos VeStarch ALLIVUes Th Td e e Bj TM 1A+G Notion) TPrunsrort Policy Cormmitice(NTPC) vas © Dpprinted te Prepare a | Grr Pre pone Detione) Ewonsroxt © Pohivg for the Coun by for Deak [oYsars e Sx} In 148) 374 2oYear wad Peveloprmal Plan Luickrewoos epore 1461 t ov) Wirth taaget of 62 ko /Io0 foro e e XD =H 1489 WHAT fet was passed : ZI) Th oo PMASY. wos lounched by Tadhon Link to intraye the Come thinty oF Villages ° XB) fourth 2 yeor Reo! develoPement Pon Shouid hare lain e intmlulad 2 2001 But On the insistonte of Govt TRe @ Prepared Rows deyrwpmant plon VWiei0n 202) and 20056 @eeeee@eo eoee06¢00020808GG082020000C0200800980980288008086 Pevelormenis oF Roads in nha Dec -90 1924 = JYakoy Committee 1924 - Gateo) Road Fund 1934 — Trion Revd Cogress 1939 - Moly Vehicle Act 1943-63 — pst 20 Year Pion, Nagar 1b kya 100 ky '150 - Cintra) Rood Reseasth Trebibule 145g _ Natiora) Highway Act 196)= g) — and 9, Yeas Plan , WBermboy» 22m) tole? 194% — Highway Reseorr Bona) J449 - Nob'one Toonspoxtation Policy Committee '961-o1 - 37 20 yeay Plon , teeecknow G2 0 )tookn 1998 - WHAT Aa 2000 - PMGsy® ® Comparision blo Varias 2reopor Rol Devetopmenr Plan ° e e T*20y7 Plan | 9°49 20 yr plan] 3% 20y7 Plan» ° N mM bo ame Nogpur Bomboy Lucene a Dum tion 1943-63 1961 ~ 1981 \4@1 ~ 200! ; Rood Density | | ghey] lovin 22 kn) topo | 2. km) jwotm> © @ Rood pattern | Star blind - . ° Express : ¢ Hignwo - 16,000 ky Odded| 20, 000 kn Odd © - e ClassifiCauion| wy, sj MPZ | NH, SH, MDR } amon aaa lon. wR of Roads | one, VR oR, VR Seana ' ° e Length of Rood o§ per 3 20 Yr Rond Plan (lem) 3 e Ro eo i) Total Jemyth vf Road . =f Ath & No of Towns 4 Villages ° Rood Densi 4 2 ensity x Arta Mm ‘i) Length of MH = Asta Kom’) 7 50 e ; Avea (km*) : Wi) Lente of or © MP | b95% No.of Towns — lepgth vf NH : Area (em) ° vay) Length of = MPR = | a ° moe Lb qo x no. of HDS °Question The Od Enere ane 3b Area of a Gatain distck in Tod 12 twns us pey Gosus . Delesminy Pre length vf erent Categornes of Rouds bo be Provicls in the di shrek by the Yeas 200) TO FS '3 gov kom? : 4H XID = 5686 form i) eto leneyte OF Rings = { tr BE 18 agp = 1P49B bom, > TED Lent of Rood = 10488 bm ii) Length o F NH = J3ho0 = 26B hom. bo 1300 = 534 ky yn 25 Wi) Length of SH = mnt Cop In ~26¢. = —19346m AB a;om YOU = 1049 Jom, \y) Length of MPR = } 2-5 et Mow 90X19 = HSH 1980 kw VY) Length of OR SYR = nage — (1060 + 536 +266 ) = Jlvh om, ere SEH+ NH = 04268 = 266lom SeGinoloay = SHAMIZ = [0904 5365 I6IC fr. Ruval /Patinry = ODRVR = ley kmHighway Planning Hoghuny Plowing is Of Jatak imprmonle When the funds ova;teble Ont kimitted , whereac Ube total aeauiwment i$ much higher The objec’ ye of highwoy Planning ave as follows — > TF plon Yhe overwl Nebwore of mod ethiciently jp Minimum Cost + Te obvicle Ye vem plan ike PHAS&S to deciole the Poio ee808 —vi bes — + To plon for futuze reauirmunts ond imPariernant bf Ure Dods Classificawon of Roads Roads ase Classified as follows Z) ON the Basis of Dutton of Their USe Q) Ail Weather Roods Paved and Nop paved Roads b) frig Wether Roads Susface and Non Surface Roads@eeo00.: 2902000082888 G8HH8HTHHHRHBHEHHO98HORBHHBO 1) OM the tosis of “Fiellic Volume MY ON the Bosis of Load Tawnsrrnted / Tommoge 'Y) 00 the Basis of Lolation and funibron 9 Mationg) Highwony These are mam hignoays eurniog Uooough, leeyth and wid of Cnty Connecting Mvjor pro wns 1 foveign Higniny, Lapitojs of Stakes and (D736 industria! Area, touricy esti nob? places of chmleg. IMportonce [Bote] b) Stare Highway Thege Ope Artin arteny) wood of Sloe, oy The NE of aduacent Stale, stack bod Suarters , antl smprnop, Cries 2 Mbyor Oisteree fond These ave imponont Dude within @ dhskarck cesyin OF Prduttion y Markers, And Connect Toads A oy Orta oy With other DM oyor A) cbbes Distaice Rood These a7 wads eg, WI! Arte of Par duction Pratcling them the athe to the macke, é) Village Koad Thee are zooels Cooneceng Ulluges of Gavuy of W026, With tach obney 1 ODERNott URBAN RoAds 9) Arteria) Rovdg 5) Sub Astonia Ronds DQ MNerar Shrte ts 4) Lola Sbeets “T9pes of Kood Jobesns The Various type of nd Patterns Moy be Classified as 4) Rectangulas / Bloute ») Henagona] Q Rodigl oF star 4 Block 3) Rada) or star and Crulye ©) Rodign 2° Star and Grid / sPider vr Ve | Qe AS Decide the fatlos —— Pe ciale the Facto i) Provide VE IY Factor of ti ont tb] cs, And Nlrese jp by mullplying wr ee owest POPU abion mn Uh 9” For ne xe Tonge, of » &L. of 4 toe Ag rIulkura) Povelutlivay Wi) Provide Ving Fouts to industry Prdutbon Os Per Weigh ta Fe 22-Pec_ 20 Ouestion— There Are 4 Altesnate Psposnl of woe) Plan fos a borkword dystorch . The deli ls an gen as follows . Tus WXth rtason which Proposy| rS Uy best, ag suming ULE Ti ky vais OF 05,1, 2, 4 for the & pPopuyton onyes Gnd 1A 5 Per Joov torme of — Agneultusa) and Trbustoia) Prdyete Seayed r c Kvilages Seanad ahatla Vy (tao e) Toto! Pend Wane oars Rorge a ry es leaphtem) | Zar | 2-5] 5-l0k | 0-20] S208 | Higa Gallas | ZrdsPoe} Ola Pre [, 500 190 | loo a) i |" 3h poe Gs [som loa | Seo (ates or si vo || se fae 3 eeP= [D0 X05 +ISUX] + hoxXe +20XH + SX SIE yyy 2056 a Toon v P= : P= 04685 Q= 2ovx05 425714 6x8 4204+ 2XG + Tory + Eas Gov Q=).034 36 R= 24x 05+ 350K 1 + Box od Boxy b4ng Eee + BE xe “too R= 1B S= 280x054 Alvxi LALxa+ Jin + Ax G+ 422 x1 + A re Soo S= 1.160 R7S70>pP ENGINEERING SURVEYS for HIGiwhy ALY qnmenr Tn Onles ty decide Ure Pavbable Alignment Follewing suey Oz ad Gorrie) oul i) Map Study ui) ReConnvissanle survey iii) Priliminury Survey 1v) Detailed / Gino! Survey ccc ccc cc ccc eee cece eceeeeceeseteemap Study In mop Study Varias alignments Ove deowh on map poss : Sub on arcq 7), Hramugp, MiN No- of Obsturhon ond Max Ulhsnbv, Ca ii Re Connaissonte Bsvey This Gone by Visrting Ue lolation undler Considembion , to idenbfy ty, Fastuze whith Ore nok availble pn MOP of whic, Bac Chonged Vey tae Peaiod of Lime Feassbinty 19 Oso Chetked fox the Posse DWignmer iin Enis Stage Wi) Po liminory Satay In lng Susvey (oi, Gmpnss, levelling Wook , soy) nests —porion , Avi Pr'sion, trofic Studyes) Ore Oaried out and Dood Align ment is Finoli sed Ww) Deore eNiley, Tn this Plomning 3 PSZMIng , MAlexi0) ectimayor, Engl Cost estimation we eke a7e Aone and detailed PCL Teprop are preparedGEOMETRIC DESIGN OF H1gHway Geometry Oksign of Highwoy Junls with Ol the dimensions ond (YL OF Visible Feouses of Highways Such nok it Provides mon CMrcitaty at Midimum Gst and Posongbe Sofety Gn of Highway deals with Plowing Elements a) Crs - Sectiona | Elements 4) Sipe Distante Consideration Q) Hort zonta) Alignment Details d) Verb al Mignment Details. ) Tntessec tron Details. for Oesigning of highway brung Fllovring Fetters Ove Css; de —7td ) des ign SPeed Design speed of Vehicle depends ump bape of Wood ovey Which ik Fly (move) t2- WH, SH Moe, OR, VR Design speed of Vehithe helps in de cicling the Gsess-s. —— Cass Cectionnl] Elammts — Wid, Uren le, SD, Radius o| Gunes Super cleyabor, Gandient THan Sibson -- Ete2) “ToPoG raphy “The Eopogearhy 29 or teamin Gndition i Nfluentes the Besing Speed Hrot tn tuen gprews the deSgpvng ok highway ee Clements ® EX In ploin teomin on Shak highway Pen ssrble desi? e Speed i6 Ivo kmph where as Some spend on Rultin ° termin 1S Peami td ty Bokeh and on mountopious® tamin S0kmph ; 3 “Tic factors ; a Tlic factoss roctuckes vehile Choenciea stics and hurron : Chomulerstics ° 4c Thomler bo design Highway elements gtondaw) SiZe of Vthrde s® Considered 19 Case of mixed tmHic OPtaabion ° se Human Choractessh'c intluoles Cittla!, mental and Prycholo gin Chamerstics OF PrVers and Pedestmin ae 25-Dec -2p ® 4) Design Hauetly volume and Capacity ; The trolfic Volume floduaks over the pemoi of fire hente © ° He desyning Must be done tor peat hour but it wit be » VWighwy Uuneloromitat to co so e 74 ° © eHente designing % beieg one fey reasonable Value of trffic Volume termed as ‘Design howdy Volurne” ) EDviaenmenta) fac tors Pouoys Ike Qesthewe , pip Pollubpa , Noise Pollub'orn , Lond Stop, dcp Qrveors the designing of highway tlemints 7 eoeaeeaoneneae ed i e Po Feltoving Oat Ehe highwroy elments tv be Designed A 7 ew High woy Cass Ebments e oe) Panmen 7 SURFACE CHARA crestres 5 Tt depends upon Pavement type which in tuan depends Upon e Weta ity of Mateaal, Wst, (omposition of Tro the, Chimatye 7 Condhtrans , method of Conctnetion Available © Pavement Surfoee dhomderche § jntluoles oe }) Friction i) vnEVeness Roe chooauter sues RM — sh fod Pure oKrel RM= © 4 TIOWhen the whee) otvolves moze than the ey) long te ~1Ma) movement ey) the wad it is termed og SLIp RM>TM Slip fox Pure one TM=0 , RM #0 Exomple when breovs are apPhtal to Such an extent wheel of Vthille ave lodked it Jends by skideling When Vehidle whels ase Tupiolly Cctelemtes from Stationasy Position oF frm Slow speed on Pavement Whidh is SIiPReay of wet oF When wrod surfote 5 luose lea: mud ) Frichon dependé on Foliowing fattors © Type of Pavement surhate [CC Bilumen, Earthen, WBM----ckc] 6 Roughness oF Pavtment [Teature 7] © Condition of Pavement [Dry a wee Dugh oF smovuth © Condition oF = Tyre [Mw with Gov Threads, or old\with WIN oUt © Speed of Vehicle 7 © Extent of bows opti Cation) Pull or Pavtiat J © Lood and Ty vt Letetion Pressure — Lvod t—> Sts O TemPemture af tyxe anol Pavement T t —* Possuxet —» $ } 05 anton Proto lessold ee old Mew, Tyre TYyst TY 3 Tyre NG Cabon SA Ludszitation = Luba. Dsy Sur fous Wet Sua fole NOTE Henle New Tyre is Moet dependoble in vvVvexse Condytion Ca~ Wre Susfate @eoeooooocoooaoea0 090982 800900 fox te Glalation of StorPing distonle the layivalno) Fiction Gostertint is taken to be O35 bo hw [ak Fog the atnwoe PBvoabe fe APPemmolly Lise 397 m/seu | Dad Trunsvesse frith'on Ss taken te be CBR OG it) Unevernss Presence of undulation of Ure POVement Surfate 7s lo ec! Uneveness This uneveness results in — Thirence fotigue —> Keduas Speed —> rnoreases fuel GNMmphon +Weor Tear —» Tnertases the Chants Of Acadents© Un, Mm | kem The oh eVeness of Pavement rs measured With bAP of CUjpment Bump Thdita bor (Br) in keems of waeveness Neene ss Tree Whith vs the Cummululive measure of Yert'lot undulutens of Pavernent surtote xttombed Per vor length vf Uhe Poe) Z6- Dec-I5 i: Herent Values of Uneveness Toile ond the Corres pony) “Vicabinty of mad os flows 2 Un eveness “Indes (Mm/km) | 41500. | 1500~2epv | 2500-3500] >s50% Tye of Food Good Satisfa (tery Bod — | porn, Nove — Imprvfey_ Compachion 2007000098809 889809808908 0889880898888 880 —— vse of =Tnkemo4t Quality — Tipper surfole 4 OSUb Surfale Omin, —— Use of Tmprfer (Cinsbuction Methods mMorevial OF. — 7 Poot mointainunts of Pavenynt Suny fate Tnkernotionnly the aidhin. Quality oF Pavement Suafale is Awontified taterms of Tughness onol is eaPzessul DS Tnlevnationy] ei Tnoler (IRI) howey vats vk m/km go Tt Con Olsy be Wed with Unewness Tne as Follows Br = 630 rer” UNevenese of Pavement depend uPon Patowiig foutwssii) Light Reflecting Chumacieastics i) big Ieflet a Ac Visibiniky ovr Uhe Pavement Sud fate depends Usvn rs Glows and light Qormuclershies *& The Jive Coused by geflettion of head Inghts is high on Wtt Payment Suthote thon ony pavement & Light Colows Putement susfole ge poe visibility OF Dt g Dit Porkites More pac during Suolight , 00 the obhes hond @ ask Colows Pavement, olfees Yasibrnty Ob olay tire ono Poy Vrsibritty ab nryhe? a2so0d202020009 @oa9eeo0e80 ") Coss slope / Camber ° TL IS the Stope Powvided tr the wad Sustale io the bepnechey, ~Se diveetion to danin the off Walertom wd curfate, to vod the ‘oltwing —_ Stoinping up of Bitumen fon the OF rCp0H5 it) Ue Present, OF the water = Suelies ond heaving of Subzmde in lage wiley Seere Upby jt — > To avoid the sipping OF Vehicle OV the Wet Sudhale — > Glaze oyey Une wet Pavement sushate ®@@eFeKn008e¢0eeeeeeve2e80R02802009809082890000909 * On Stmignt ods jt 1S Provider) bby rising the Contet lige OF the Corny aty wy the cages Fearing the geraune) Com ON the highest point along the Ceojre bine FE AL hoy; Zonal Curve with SuPegeleVahboA the Suwafade dria. is Pawvided by oy Hoe cutesy edge outes Edge Edges Cages Toner ' Edge Crvss Slope is re Presented in any of ly woys ae oy te Cress Slupe BL 9 ton = iy —> AS Foachon “va om Cmss slofe 11020 —> Bp 70-08 “The Volue of Covss Slope depinils of pany, fattors © Type of Pavement Surface O Amount of Rain Fol} Css stope Provioled wild be Compooitively incrtased fF amount of minfaly fs More and Pavement surhile rg PermeablePonge of Oniss Slope Heavy Rew fo} Ligne Foinfa)) Type oF Read! Sur fate Cement Contmte, AMigh typel ay in bituminous Susfade | _ | Thin Bituminous SusFate 2-67 aa WM and Gavel Pavinah SL 2-5 /. Edtthen Rood Ly Br G@eea0ea200d00000909 Nott Crvss ciope for Shoutder Shayld be Kept More tran that o OF Pavement Sv Lhak to pvad accumulubion oF Waker GE junction oF boo Coss siope of Shouldex Should be O3D% More Lyn Crss Sipe be odjaining pavement Mn Value 3% Moa value 2% CSenoutder = 054.4 CSpavemgy | 3% eecsecevcseess00000The Crvss sine, fos of Express ways for Coarniae way ond Paved Shouloles and CAge Shap wrth bituminous Sustate js 257, With Tin fot) ey) [womm and 2°27 tux Plotes howe WiNfal) Jess tran Ivo mm XE top Steep Omss Swfe rs Prvided se —wesultsio == TepPhng vf Slvw roaieg ond ovesloudkd Vthicle a Tenbenly of Most of vebitles to bovel talong Ube Lae line — > unbumfortoble Side thrust and oar dary of the Wthide + Coss Stopes are feloing types a) Stmight line Comber st sn wT We aT H= Ww em eee b) Pambolic Comber = Joe 4 NW ©) Composite Camber pombolic ane wi! oxTe for Grmt Gnttte povernent Shmight line Combes is Prep e —d 0s it is Casity bo oy Question- Tn the tegen where the minfa)l i heavy 00 ky peg OF Payement ase tv be Constvaled 2) Two lune 9359 SH UD bitumonous Concrtle Seshole b) MDR oF. WBM paremanr 36m wide Whak Should be the ht-of Coun vrot tyes in hese tno @ Cases. pearing Stmight line Com bey cand wit! of 2 Lane SH as ym QO) W=tm , Heavy Rain, Bikuminnus Condrtte ourhole 2. Ciss Siofe 2% = 1in bo. H= + = oot m= Fmm 2X bo b) W=38m 1 Htovy Rain, WBM Palemene 1 2. Oysssufe = 34% = 3.oF x \) Welty of Povemepy/ Corvbaige woy e *& Width of Povement epeals upon wioll vf totic tones and Wo of tones = * The povtivn of Cormnige way wrolth that is intenedel for 1 tine of tmiic movement 7s Quilted ag Trafic’ lunes * Wialtn of trathe lune ie dlecidid onthe Lasrc of Lyre of vehicle a oO iL alwng With Some Ctltavente in both Sidles - Passe en lax is Considered 08 Standlagyl Vehicle to detidle te wr'olth of Con80: 90 woy *& Wedth oF passenger Cnr 2.44m £15M & for wuoul higowoy if Pavement hos 2 oF mor tones (Malti lon Wid of sin gte (one 66 39M A The Nook lanes to be Provided depends Upon Tanthe Volume 2k The Wrdlh of Goarnige woy fas VilFeeal Condition O7€ O% Follow TYP of Rood Wrdlh of Conic oy Single lone B45 Two [one Wilhut Ra‘edl 4 pee) beeen eee Twr lone With Roised 25 | —_Keabg nvrieis af yess Js ilsnnial TNler mediate Con ravge BA Mutt lane Pavement 3.5 Por oeeoe lr | Cltaven le 4 0625 mL, gay, fy Ob ° ejpoutl'f Shoulder ; oe : ° Si ngle lane Pavement e ° e 05M i) Po 5m——* OM ° 2 Am @ ® ime fn. ' ° ] | ° : ° gt he sets +m = ° Two lane Pavernint ° 2b-Dec-2,° = e W) Median / Tom fic Sepernbyss 2 In highwnys with kvided Garros wag % Pome a Median "% Prvichol bio tun Siks of Proffic ones iOkeded ty diviok the buli® ay 10 OPPUSite divectrons The Main Function of Medon rs lo Prevint Héod 09 Collision blw Vehicles Moving 10 OPosile chrech'ons. * Tt also Serves Following Other functions —— chonm|ice troffic inty Sheeams — Th Prete the Ped Sda1ons + Con be ust fo Gtdute Hre gloze of bread Iran oF OPP moving Vehicle by Prvidlar Gren CVex on ik i e e e e @ e @ @ e } He e—* Th SeJocegar the slow trafic + Meo eotons Con be Prwided in a, Frms YS pavement Mavkin 0 ) Phys; iVi YSilal Dividers (™chonttay SeParvbers) 3 apsakC sere \ 2 I | XO | Renee eX Desivble wiolth of Medhon r¢ C-lam (Tt locus the Prwision’ © for futuce enponsion of wood’) Os Tr order bo Wtdute the gloze of beod Inght vf YPPosite Pong Vthi tle Min of 6m OF Widkh 1s rewired *X TRe velommends Min width of [5m|lfre Medion Uw Con be Teuced 3m Where lund is pestricke AON Badges widllo reauizee) for medon in the amI26 oF 1-2 to jy* The Medion Shou) be swale Pvama —fht the lengtn of the pPovment but whee its widlth fs kK IN Utbun Osta Min widkh of Medion to be Pawided 12m and Changed O trnsitron of | i915 to My of YNifam Wid thnug lin 20 MUSE be Pavvidud / / / J. Oesirabte min width ig 5m Fos Express ways min width vf meakan ¢s 12m and dormb & Kerbs ove Moiny divided 0 fn 3 Colezosies — men edge With O Slupe to CNnble the Vthidle tv Climb the @ 1S 15-5m wr) Keob ATE indidates the boundlosy blw the pavement and medion 2 footpath of TSland Of Shoulder Low Keb ¢- Tb is OF her kere Ob Slow Speed & lovmm Obsye the Porte‘ TLIS also peymed ag Mountuble Gekerh whith en tauroges the tralre to aemain in the thariyh traffic (04 Yet oltows the Avivers ty oles the Shoulder ATCa Ot SIOW Speed +) Semi Bowrier ty Kerb @ * TE is prvided on the Peaithery of 0 vad way Whert the © Pedestrian tolic re be e @ Ths typeof Kesh of height of Dioye 120 Blowyt ey e ; With Siope of J21 on Lop FoMmm™ © This Kev Prevents the Nomchmunt by Pating Whides but i (ose of CMeagenty ik 1's Possible ty daive oVty ts keel, With aificalty C) Bowriey Type keab TE iS Powvided in built UP Ortas adjacent Lo Ruthpaty with Consideapble Pde Shooin traffic “the hegne of 2oomm Obvve te Povsment edge With Weep Slope of 1V: 026H . (ces a 25 ‘ 1 ef j w some Loven l6pmm | Zou) kerb Sem Kiyo viey Type Bovoier Typeam) Shoulder Undivided Pavement ear ley Divided Powement oul cceencacl SA Madion YY 10) C= e®eenen0000e2 0000800 * A Shouibless Ove Povvidal of both sides of PoverDent ol Blery tne Bad in the Case of undivided Coro voipe woy ond on Oyles te 9 OF divided! Covsoigrumy ° e * The Corthen Shoulder Should bove Sul ient Shengty to Conny ° the Vthidlex Ipod in loge + of Cmengenly * The minimum Shoidey wrdlh as Peo TRe 25m A Shoutler Ceoves Gn ae —— Tt imPosts Steurtual Stubiinty ty Ure Pavement —~ TE ingetaces the Cofacty and Pom ing Speed OP Pavan — > TL lon be used in Cntayny as Mode oF Movement — > Th ols are ag Seavice lones for the Vthitlee Forth. thot ave disabled eveeeoe0e0 008900600“k The SUtfole of Shovldty may be Buyher thon tbe trafic lones spo 08 bb dig Courage Une Vehicles to Py Wer it * The Colour of Shouteler shoul) be diffestne frm tot of Pavement So as to isting, blo the two %) Rood Marrging The Vonious elements included in the Dred mosying Dac Juoad Roils Foot path , Doivewny, Gel torr, Pasting lone, bus bpy, log bye Frontoge Ronds and bork ment slope CG 24-Yec-20 “ard Rails These are Povvided Ot Lhe edge of the Shoulder when the mad re Gasteucpd of wilt 30 Ehat Vehicles Oot Poe veabid From ay | OR Uv tmiovobrnk , © Sfeleolly whin the Peght of fin 16 HY mort than Sm Fook Poth / Side Wolke Tn odes to Provide Soke facility to Perestorun to WU aly re Prod by , footPath bot Prvidld in Urbon Oxtas Where Ure Ped Strivn tfc 15 Oo pocaitively ie TLS Minimum Width reunrtd 7S 5m BEd dessmble minimum Widlhh °& 2m gh TS 0180 Pryvided with lmse Gide of 25- 3% ond 6 Fiten Comporitively Smother Cudlile Lhe PovementSSS :«USCSSS @ Dore Woys = Tt Lonnecre the highwoy with lola] Gmmevev) {slob lishngp like Scone stotron, Fuel Stabon, Rest aygents tke Cycle Tomek These Ont Provided jn Utbon Oren frr the Safe movement bf pele torte -Lombire The roinmum width rs veauived % 2m for Gyele track are it On toe intawaced by dm by tb Ddd hone! aycte lone Pora king lanes & These ove Prvivled on Ustan Ronde '» allow Kesh Pork A Ne Paros possible only Pavel Parking Should be allowed Os ie Sufey for rmaning yebicles anul Spalereamized Would Olso be less A for Prrelld Pring the mioinum Width Feira ro Sm Bus Boys Tt moy be Providlel by 7elessing the Kerb ty Wuoid the Comfirce with tre moving Prilic Ond Musthe lolgted at lease 5m Gwy frym the iMKssecton Tere Used frr sofe Piysng of Passenger 4 Carga wa busLay B yes These one Parvicleo! peor pubic Convenents to vvorl He Gmpica With the sunning fraltic. Midiooum widnis 2m Fountase Roods “Whese ane Provided 1 Jive OCt55 bo the Pao/rerties vlang the heyrunys to Conter} the entest to the Enprtss way Embankment S| gpes TH Pavement is WnShucted over embonkrtnt slopes aoc als Povided along it of Magnjtuole Lins Roan WAy | WIDTH of HRpp Tapp #& TE IS the Sum of Will OF Paveraoot Coan gelomy ol oye Spamboss (if any ) Ond the SheMtollers- Shoy lors 7 * Roodwoy Width 13 the typ wivlth of bihwoy embyrkiert or botlom wilh vf high woy Cathey oa luadigg he Srile doving 000909 P 09H OAAOHHHOHOOHBHAHHOHHDOOHBDA®2OO — — —Conps' Ee aad [| (eet Rood ane} mae | | Margin Moayio | | | 5 = ws! B24 be = a | | | |pas a els BIE s 1s 2 iS gps Wiellh of Roadway of Vurivus Class of Rmde ore us Follows, ne Gon) jis Read C tnssisitoion fons wed pigtoiey PrvindRol ing Termin | Mountancas Tearnin 1) NH ond SH 7 Sinste Tune. sanyel2y¢ 62s Two Lone os 1a Be 2) MDR Singte Lone q a Two Lone . 4. _ ie oF 3) ODR sine Lone ay 4-45 eee etn Lane q : = A) Village Rood Sage Lone Ts i SPWWCVPVSVCVVSVVVVVBSOHHAVGHOHVX2VOZBOCB8LO99O |® = feonot Awp/LAND wiory A RIGHT vf WAy @ x This te Osea of Lanol acwmired foo the vad long its algae Fepivg io Vitw tls Futuse tapansion * Consteuron of O Pasticalaay bype of wd i WOly Peomitttal with SuMiGtal Se bake frm the Rood boun a4 up Lore! Isne Width of Land for clifetnt mods in Ruml O7ea's are Follows Plain x Roiing | Mountoneous open ait [open [auir Prin] fro | Peta] An Rood Class filotion Eapecss woy a - Go - So WM Qo es | 16 16 a 6 ey Bio \0 q 9 T SIGHT DISTANCE ELEMENTS 4 Obstruction bo Vision Sight Di svernce OL Veyti Col Carve Sight islonde OL Hogan | AveSer Si c piskan Le Sight Disimvc BL Tks gechon) Sight distonte 75 the length of tod vwsible ahead bo the daiver at poy instonte (TL is Considered! by baking the height of ye OF Opiver +t be Jom, ond height of objet tv be 0.15) Restercrion to te visibility |Sight di stone Moy be Coused ia the following Cases 4) At HorZentel Give when the line of Sight +5 vbstucteol by the vbjew Gt the jones Side of b) Dt Wert Gl Cure DAE Unboniso ied Taterse chin when v drives fm one of the OP rv0t Fad js ghble bo Sight A Vehicle from gnorber OPM, wood toujords jt DL the mbersection due by the Presents of Obstruckon PSOSHSCHCHOHHOHHOHHHHDHOHOOHDOHLCHXOOXVDODD220000009* The Sight dhstonde OVoilable tv Yhe driver 16 olpendent upon i) foclors > Features of Rood Mheod HoavZonta) Qvove, Ve abitol Profile, Ton ihre Conv bive.. are — Hat oF DaiVia EYe abut Rood Bushee — Height DF Objeck ObvVe Hye Roud Sus fate * Sight Distonte i¢ ace of Faltowing typns I Sat Sight Distant. 650) 2 Soke ovyy tnking Sight Pistant (osp) 3. Safe Sight distana. for cateaing inte Unlonbolled Tntescethivn 4» Inter medinte Sigh distance (rsp) 5S Htod light Sight Distonle G ; O-Dec- 1. Stepping stout DIsTONcE B0-Dec D The minimuro okstante visrble bo 9 dvivte Abul to saleby Step a Vthice trauiling at design steed withoye Col i 8106) With ony Ober ob shu chon 75 beemu)d OS Sop This also Hamel as Absouk Minimum SD by Won ries Sit DistanceFactor Certs StefPeg 9D ') Tot! Reaction Time of Te Doiler This te bm token fom the instonk ne vbjetk i Werble bo te diver bv the instant bmkes ase OPPlitd eHectively The tota) reartion time is fuather Clividad into diflerent Gaponente ond lon be enplamed as follow Pestption Time \p) TE IC the time 7 Wivtd For the Stasutivn oeceved a e @ the eyers 07 Loos of dates te tronsmibi by tnebanin bo the » Neavous system One SPidol Choo ° e Ante le cht Time (Z) ° Th isthe Lime vequired by the dates be unfesstan? the Sruabion. Te 1's Gl sD the Lime ve Uired for ComPomn differing thoughts, oe ond ay, Dew Lasobor) © Embtion Time (E) TE IS the te Clovsed vluxing emv tiny! Sasdtion Gnd blhey Mento) disturbanes suchas teas, anger, Super SHON -8bt UN atPerente Situahon ty Come ink Pl Thic time Vasies from Pesson ty Pessen ond even for somes Pescon sn gifernt Hlunbon .VOkLion Time (v) TE isthe bie Lakun DrPiication of brake * The abort’ lon be lesmey) 0 by darver for fry) Otten 5 Nije PIEV Bnalysic for Total rear bio tim Gwin Re Fle Actel Time Driver See Ue obstrctron PPP Lalron of . Boukys, = |ke=PL THE HV tim Lenin = RP und Tk 15 alsp possilte. Lnat the driver may OpPYy the bow ke o¢ take ony ober pveidiing alten like a by the flew Othon U'thout Nrsmaf think Pooless Uk is obSesved to be Miniaum brie fr Oe) the Glhewn Note Rooton time Dtpenls upon Sevan) Factss like Driver Skil) Type of Dbstacchim involywd, ENVi momenta] Gadition, Age... ee2) Design Spied x Ditsitg the ola) Bearbivn time of Une darvey the Oistondg Mowd by Lhe Whicle clepends vA design speed Braking distonte se distond, traveled by Whicle brite wing tv step) holt alsv dapends on clesygn Speed 3) Frakig EM Cienly THIS Oefined 08 the 4 of freLe developed by apPbilation OF brakes in Ftlation WA rCHbN OWailable bhw Lhe kyr Ord mod a= fee Xoo 9) TF Ng= wos wheels aoe Faley Ioeed Previnking bem Bom Rotaking on opPirtaben of bakes thot jeods es : e to Aelicing of Vhitle Whithis diffralk We Lonny} - e Henle brateing firte shuld Nok tated Une tr'thivne forte bw wheal and ty¥78 . @ 4) ricioo! Resistante bw Road ond Tyre. ° ° ‘The frttiono) resistant, olevtlo Pud &™ te amd Un tye @ Cepepdle Upon Frcereralagxesictunt. CO ulirtrnk of Fithion © °K Highes rs NS Sanle Qelhhitiat of fothon Higher 76 the, Fathony) anal our i's 95D. * Co-tlircitne of: fathwn further Bipeds pn Coodsnen or TYet and Rood A RS TL iS fusther linked with the design pred of Vehicle ng follows Peed (kmrh) | 20-30 | 40 | 50] Go | Ge | Bo | 109 > Longtudiov | frithon for Sap] A | O-3B] O34) 0:56] 0 3b] O35) O35 5) Gamolieo Gootken oF Reod tof Rood vod in tither O8SiStonLe DF Resistonte OF the vehicle depending upon typeo Gasdrept(down- Up Goudent) Lhese by citer intrtoses Us debreases Stephing SD. Pinatysis of SS Stopping Di Stonte AB re oe — Daives See the Ob shuction B Ic 7 [al Vo | \re & I I psn ete: pam een = bar — in Lag tysiane te i D Book is OfPhtc) Ee sar obstochsn| * The Stor? ing Distonle of Vehicle include —— Distonte TFonveleol by Vehicle Ab Unifiem Cesign sped cht the tobo} Totton time ltr) termed os = Distonee (Ly) ~The chistande troyelied by the Vthitle af bes the onPlieans Ob bomke until’ iL Sips Hamed ng omy oa Log bi stonal L, ) Li= Vo te Vo = Design speed rm] see oR ty= Reottion time (See) AE} V = Pesign spted lemph L= Regen time Lessons 1078 gMotS aya iy Ge 0 X69 60X60 (8 L.= come Ve DS pes TRe Reaon bme to be @2.5 sec fr oso Bom Distonze (Le) ) fos Flat Road SSCC@C9CR89RGCHBHAGSCHBHOAS9HRBOHOHOBAOAke = W De o- $ my = kg mv 47 my = SWhy. TMV =f m7 ls ve Vo mise 2 $ 0 mM) Sec? aa Be) G ye yr G 24g $ 25424 V- kph. i), For ASceonbing and Desterding Grvdicot ARE = WDraiet 0-5 mvt = -Fle 7 WSine le. mvt = ~ fg.caise le F 4 Sind Lg.G0 PE When @ is smo! OYSn0 rtona=S losov) ~E s-109 ($5) os VE as — Ascending Gam dren t oy 24 (ft9) Ses Desceoding Ganditot |e . ae 254(§45) Henle Scop = Ut+Ly SS vee Ssp= O2F8VE ty ero) Bl-Dec-z, * SoD musk be Ovoilabl ot éath ond CVeay Section On Lhe “rod As the Steering Sight Prston ce Bewrred oP ole sceadi food Tt is ne QSsa. toe ny fo defeamine the Cait‘Os] Value of “0 fo Ue © Aescending graditnt ON the FOS Why Grodieats Ord for busy © wnoy tele Finan . * ON the veShythed Width oF on sige (one ava when > Wy trlic 1's Pesmited Min 390 75 eaual fo bute the esp ee ° e ° : e Cnoble both Uw Vehicles Grog tom of Of posite Site, te Stop. v N I "spent epee ; Zsapweet eee eee ee ee ee *TIE Soo Gon not be Prviolél our lo Unvvodabte otxcn for the dbs 90 SPeead BWolable te Speed Should be “we storcbed tithe, by aay) Seal lim regu (otnbo sgn or by Fora eebuey —fon of Speby THIS 75 Koweyey lemp, and eHirts Muck be mojo) bo Pavj ok ssp Wer the Period vf bime Cay amzing the align “Ment OF Way or by moving obs buclion) + The S80 Bt lommeg yy.) by TRe on os followe Design speed ] | kmph [20 | 25 (30 | 40] 50] 60] 65 | Bp L_S3D(m) | 2 | 25 | 20 | 45 | S| Bo | 40 hia {9 1B Oueston- Corcutote mea 8D Peau by Ovo! » heel on bolhsien fram the opprtate aixeehin Ot avd Gokmph, Assume by = 2.5 Cog POF Brito @ iN Gl the Gates mo OF Fw Grzs opparhi Menes, of bey SQ = 248X490 x25 + OT Fexq0)> ' 2x TgIx OteeG = 52. Hm Pe = 0278 4 by X25 + ORE > ZANE XO TK OG Te Ovid Heald Odksian Min SO reared = SSD, +SsQ, = 1534+ B22) = 235: Bo = 82.21 m,e Suesten _ paver of m Vehicle hmuethng obo SPeed oF okag® @ On a up Joodenk weauizes FM less tv Slop Of Les *PPmeh ye the brakes thon a daler trulling at sum sprid dud © ° the Same gpaclent. Pinu) ott Fhe gomidrent of Rood P-ssums = 0% 6 Ley = Leo -4 ve = ve -4 264(£45) 2H4($-s) Gp? = oP 4 154 (0.645) 254 (04 -3) S= 60284 ¢ oe. 2. OVERTAKING SxGHT DISTANCE OspD LEAN the Vehicles Ply oN a tvod Ob te Bes spl Unen therrincany these WUUld be nw new fer OViata lon NY ik never hopping Henle a Vehitle rriving ot de sin Spod og © bo Weetoke siow moving Vihicle a ce. eo a = ~ = z= The Min dictante vpn ta the Wisi0N Of the iveg of W Vhide iNtodote to Otho ke Slows ovieg NUN safe Afoinst traveling toulae. iN oPPrSIe diverbion 7s teamed Og OSD / sofe Passing Spake : Osp js Measusee) along 7s measured lon Cove’ line of the mod Cangydening the Ye Level of the Garver ot leon. Ob Ly "Ye the alate cbsormna the objesk at herght of bam Dbove the Surface yit\ ot eo ham es ce sy Tine Faces Effecling osp ) SPeed of Whice a) OWertolang VthiCle ) Over ten Vehicle Y vehicle Coming fom OFF ite Di XEChibn @e2e0e0882 908 O28eeoeeeaeeaeenene ©") Reaction Time of Drivey be Sky) eo. 6 Vii) Gavditnt of Rood ©) Condstion oF Dveston ng Veh) : é Y hide Which govtans “mie of ace eo Distank blo the 2 VehiclesAnalysis oF OSD e OSD | QVeriaeran Mbement moy be SPE UP Mo 3 bPemMbiong OS Tolows dy TeE1S the distonte toorsee by OVietokiny detVohidle fy Caiag the qeottion tiyne & of the davis befere Sy b Overtake vhicle Bot Speed Vp do FE iG the dlistonte tev Jed by vehicle ‘f)' during the Actua OVeotaking pPeg ati” of Lime WB 2©FCC00008 0888000888800 080 09090980ds TEVS the distant towed by monies Vthile C dung the actual te tabing Dpes hin of /) hy tor time T | : Carine Z WwAGlESTED \ Lee WES OVER TRKEING a | Assumption in ANulyss OF 05D —+ Wiatoking vehicle 16 forced tu reduc its Speed UPtr Unpe Sted of Weymken Vehicle for reathion time @esesaoasgvgasvnoaongvneaoeneooaoaeaooeoenesoe & Ss = mm wD WD D av) Aa] O—> whea the dloivts of Vthille p Lind subicrent (teas gap dedides Within a zenehon tim to oWstake @— > The Wthicus AA Accoleonkes ond OVistukes the VAYle B : Within a distance dy ducing the Lime 7 oe” The distant. dA, rs Split in 3 Compments @ —- During this Dyestaking te T the hide © Coming from ® opposite diChYA trwils A _ OGIuAC O's@ @ al e - dl, =Vet Vo ms L= 2See e - e d,= 0248 Vet Ve kop ° e Te = 1= Sth 3 =Min Sprung bw 2 Vthilles @ diprods 0M Vehicle SPeed @ 2 spade Heod way ae eae S= otwyte | S=O-4KD2IGV EG S= O2Vp+s b= WeT oy o48v,T d= WT +LarT* 254 b= VT +a 284 Ver = Wee + har T=\4s Q= Acc” Of Olate king vehicle [T/A | wee Ovt ara Ky ‘Tt? hi Me ge] time “T’ ob Vehitle ) dlependls op py veer a Ord speed of Querta ken Vhille @2€¢€e0060800900000800830 T Depentls of a= hec® & OVert-nke pn Vt hillePAA ere TE [dee 07 ow 02 76VT | 05p = d, +d, +d, Vebesgp speed my of Rone Sp = Vet + WT 49S + YT IN GSe of Sted of Wertaken ythille is Nok Ziv i) Moy be taken as AS misec or ts kmph less thon designspeed Miz V-4565 Vp= V=I16 ] 1-1-9) The acc® of Ce] Vebich Varies ePrading UPA the Severs) foctors Tyo TYP OF Which — Condition of Vehicle ~— Load on Veith ad — Speed OF Vehicle ab — Chamckrshcs of Daves Moainum oventoking acer ot Aileen Spipds Axe as fellows speed(komr) 25| So! 40 | 50 | 65 | & (100 May ace + msec | 1a | Be | boy JO loge | oF2 | 058Effect of Geudvent OM Effect of Crmait on osp & The 059 Team xement Moy indetase o ascii OS Will OS desig e ° o * In DeStorisog Gmdent acer of Weataking Vthitle intrtaces bul® . ao , oo in OveBtv}ven YWhytle May Ulso act to O Jatoter oh stance b duaigl the eae time e @ OP Ascending iroclank the ACL of oVestabnng White wil! be @ less tout ovevtaken vehicle Usoulel 0/80 move” With fewer Velocity @ ° A Henle 00 itl Garden (OS oF bak in Plunk ang lermn® the 039 Ot both eo, Grachent Oe Zenceally taken eti10| ond 9 Gander bo Phat of [etl Sjockeh o ° a However Ot Sleeper Grades the a5p Shall be Jreate hob @ Minimum osp ot Plone level e ' » X% OSy ON twy lone pighunys fos Ol) Heeert Site) Ove ns Filloos . Speed “TiMe ComPment(See ® : i Ske os ° . Overs Lakin: For Opppsine Let oD om Opewotiod yore 2 |™ (») ° a q ¢ is | 165 ; sO ‘ a > 14 | os © 0 loge Be 18 ie | le 45 19 | Shp +4 Bo 1255 a5 21 40 (0 La q og Cao e2 . * Here overtone Tine moy be intrensed by Umeunt obmt 2 4 3 to take into Gnsidexaton the distante Covend by Venue from the opposite direenon in lose of kwo W Fanhe Pod Cuny OVert}05 > > > y . > 7) Opesabon @ e A Tt is desimble ab 05D OVoiluble rusk be vorlable on most °F the Wod SIretehes OP Rood sire tue s With gunk Cotte OSp= A.td.+d, OD Rovd She tehes ~OP Rodd Shetthes with 2Woy Vabhe osp= 4, td, td, TE IS NOL ESSentiol to Panicle the Usuel osp Monrve, the Sit dechante on ainy hy Sh pp ny yh woo a lo) be, ame than ssp, ON divided by woy Le On rads wits one wny osp = d,tde TF 030 Con not be bawided aesa Parking Shee Df Dod Section in Suh (aes for Sofe Oveaaki ty Of VOhitles at desi Speed of Po TUnHy Must be Gir be the While Such Cons Ore lermeol 08 OYertak 9 Zones ® e @ e e e @ @ @ @ 6 e e @ @ @ e e e @ @ e e e e e205) 52 OSD 1-305D nes 05D, O Sy j= we je 050 7 305) | osp 05D ———————— OVeRakrg Zone =G6-5) 050 SP, = Sign post ay) Zone Ph eno) SPp = Sign post end of Del Zone Fors Tun way Totlic O80 = dt, 405 SCeeeeseeesceeoeeseevesenves ecoaeose0nnse0080 L Fr on ae Tmiic osp= 0 tol,rRoO9S9HRHSOSSHFSO9H9SHSHOHOHHSHHESHHHHSHHHSHHHOHOE Qt Shetthes oF Rood 5p Can nu be Porvided os per Susie sted by Tee i Sth tase Sight distonte is desirable bo be Kept os ax6sp and itis termd 28 Tplevmetoje SD. the MEDS usmen E of I3D= Ix650 the Isp moy be More assuming Lolth He here we Of Gye of dnver ond that vf dbieck by be }.2m rc Distanc; Reveh vn Time Heighd (rm) 2, eee Dover eve olyeth | SSo 26 1-9 O15 05D 2-0 2 \-2. TSp 25 2 2 SP ie . F Heoe woy O.4 = = The Sreuds of onto 1 OVestoken Vibiclesg are Fo ALok Bespectily 09 O tum way Tontie ood The aug ce” OSD > ISD >S50 ey mo be Ossumed OF O49 M)geer Goleutore ) Safe over baking 7 2) Whok is Pre ma (eo oF Ovedtalo'ng Dore 3) whol would lee We beod (ryt Sp a) uairg) Osp= +d, +0 D,=0- 999 Vet = O-248xX40%2= 22-24. Or= 25+45 S= OFA), + 6 or 0-2Vb4-6 5 b= WT = vaxhote Te [e ees S= lhm To 452 Sec Jo = xi G3.63 =HE b= 88x 4OxXP52 =\Mk 63m, b= 82. 62m, Os= 024g T= 0818 XOX 752 = \hb-SUM. OSD= 22-244 65+ 146.54 = 20-21 m__ a) min leny th oF Over taki ng Zone = SXOSD= 3X2Gv-21 = O40.bm. 3) Heod light SO = S80. = 0f78VE} Ve JEG = 0249 XF X25 $ For 254X 0-34 =Ip0m e8eeeocseeeseaeoeooeegneon22700289909009999090999990 ;2 -Jon-9) SIGur DISTANCE AT INTERSECTION UN Goto! bel Inter Sechion On All APPA oF inbeSecting Brod , Were Should be Cleary View Otoves the Cosner from Ye Subhcicnt chstande $v 06 by vvoid Clic the obs, Grdirion "7 Sight. distonde AL Mersetion May be bosed vn z Poscibbe a @eeeeeeoeaeoseeeea Ss om a s S i" the *PProthing Vehicle & Slowdow Lr change the $ Peed oo epbing the aPperathing Vehicle to Stop. oO — Enobling the steppe yore te Cmss a morn aod e0e0202820998998003800838394g Sight chigtante Should be Sutficien} fo erable etre on or both apy, ® e “nny Vehicle to Chongs the Peed to vvod GAliSton * The Vehicle opPreing from Minos Tod must Slow clown * Thy toto} veonbn tre weqursed fry te Ooiver be dhonge Sp to}® a @ 1s See” assymee)) pnd obLenst I See moze 7 neaded fr ° MaKING Hy change iO Speed e 7 change : A Hin jn this Cose Sia dislente Would be Canal ty Distontee trmveiseol by Pre vehicle ot design SPted 9 @ FSec 11) The olostonce for Uhe appratbing \ehitle Shoutd be Sullizent to ay titer bath or om of tre lehitle by Stop befrre ey the Poink of lomfiret Henle ft Would be Cua! ty S50. lil) In this Case Vehicle cnleaingthe iDkerSethon from the minvy Brads ae lonjorlel by Stop op Jive owoy Sign So the Whitle have to Step andl then PrCeed to Lrss the Moin awd Tn Uris @se Ure totol Lime aeunsed by Stopped Vohide would Ye andl Lerss the mon Dvad before Wluok fo Sstazt , @ Aalce leo ; other Wwhitfe Frovrsing ap esign speed 00 MAIN Toad Ftar, the inler Cech bn SCe@eeseeeeasoatsos ones 2200For Safety Gnsiclam ton the Sight Os bonte ab undonberlJed Ihessecton ts mow of abrve % Laces eoseeee0 ® > Conteris Tn lesSectivn Oe AE Signal sed IhexSechyn Ue Oovre % rewrawmels Bor Nob @ @ OppPiicable @ = twol to the S50. fos alesr4n speed of aotoay e ox pH Doay intersection the Sight dishonde should be at leaed e 5- Jon-2) ¢ DESIGN OF HORIZONTAL ALIGNMeN Chonge Mn dratchon are rewired in nighwoy alignment ty the VarivUs reasons 4) TOP oy my Condition 4 Obiigatony Points Varwus ae Sign aliments to be Consider! in hoxwnto| olignmene Ore Deseyn sPeed Rochus of Lume Type b Lay oF Fransition Coree Widhy of Pavemat Super fleuation Stt bau distortsan Spred x The ar sign Spr is Moin folksy OO With most of Woe Grom = Th ah sign Stead vl rurd depeas UP~—n Clos of mod ond min & Clpcakiaatne oF tannin 4 Design Speed Fer ditfarent ls 5 Ts ps follows SATIN CWSSs Ubon pn Plpin ang Montanicus | Sep Enpacss wing Ff NH ASH OR Opr ) ve PIPin Onss Stope /. O-Ip Np -26 25-60 > 60 So YOO) tlemin)s OV Peds indtuolay Novizorto) alignavat ved (EmPh) Meunsavier M 60 by ° eeoeoeveanseeaeaeeaaeaee030@eo022020000080000800880800808088888888C8 HHH * Design Speeds woe dbo being dekine bor Urtoon reds 4S pced—gestn chon. * Tuo Values OF SPred i6 Buy) and Minimum Bre being SPeIrfied to eh type of Tend # As Fox as Possible Gltempt Must be mode to Ves:gn ail Are metric elements For Mit SPeeel however if Site Cond tion Ind eloromec Considemiyn -cloes Nok Dexmid Sv, po al) Mut be dene fr minmnum dlesiga speed Heston Ho WIZeNTAL CURVE T+ is a Grn in pron by Prvite 0 178 iP OTlivn Lone }ine Te oF Wad mag be Arhincd 1p Hom of 4) Rodius of Came ww (7) b) Degree of Curve (D) (#) Deze of Cue is the _Ceahnl angle Sub srended by vn Ore of gt sor Peays Pog Jeng of Are seo V ang 20 gy TR Bbor '8v" 27k XD =e A When a While trues DD orvnbor OuvIe the Lente fago! force actc® Rov zeae ly hands oUFWwonls H brug CG of Vehicle x This Conve Figo) fore depends on —SPted of Vehicle — Radius of Herreontal Gee : * TE wit be counkerarkes by IDlem/ Eronsierse Frichvr Hw the @ ty7t and Javement which heles the Prrement vonicle Chong,0 the dizeenon long Uhe lurve R-=my =wv Wweing maw R aR Hese Pe ¢) 75 terme) 05 Impact factor . Gorrfiges Roviv X This forte athng pf Vehicle hos the ea tenty br Cite Nerum the Vehicle ortwore! vbout Wheels anul tr S00 Yhe Vehicle | teratty outuar!for Stobinity OF Vehide both the Condition Gre ty be One te! 08 fol tows 7A Y Ovestusnin., E fer og for No OY ertwening Moment Mp = My ¢ PR. Web 2 Rh Me Rh 2b fw WwW 2h I & | 4 OF 1S 0M Veage of 0 ¥erlusnin Wo ab a Te Be > bs Venith win oVestusn We 2h Th Pe eb — Vthich will not Dtrturn WwW 2b . Sjidin i) Tronsverse 4 Effect to No Transytrse a fath 2k ie Ui Ry FUR, 2 Pe ' rr 4 Zh Ppt Re =W- fouk fe-up, > pS Ulm Re) SP Q y UW > Rp a fe Euors Ww° ~*& IL Pavement rs kep! hori2onto) Obwss the alrgnment the Pressiy.® ° OM Outer Wheel will be higher ee due bv Gok egal frrte ogy Dut war When Pre limiting Gadition Camiboium londihon fer Oe rtuaring OCWMYS Lhe Prescure ak ioney wheels belommes Zew * Since the Pessize On VUley Whee) 5 Lomparitiicly More ik Gomnases Yne Wovement by Hevelping RuTs we rt Rats alg Hente to Dvviol both { + Y OVe-sturning A Shality ©:, yen The atlawye donger of |blen! eee and Werterring depends Upon whether Lis lower oF Higher non o S Te t= ~ => Tensvesse Skiling before. Vesnans ng I” $¢ Ep Overtum befie Tronsvere skiddDeSCoTRHSHSHHSHSAFSS9SeSHHSHSHBEHOSSHAGVH ROBO : 5-Jan~ap C SUPER ELEVATION N omer by Conlesel the elect of Cntni fuga) forte oro) to Peal, the elanty of Vehitle Wertern and Skid Outer eye of Pavimyt re Mised Work inner aye Vous (Povvi y a drnslesse Slope Urrugh TRL the Jorgth vi he honmnlal lurré This bonSvtyse intlinptin to Ye Povement Susfole Js knownos Supes etevation| Cant] Borksog tane = ee TF 8 is ¥ma)) 00 Sinp~ tone 2 1 Oe Bc v Be fe Be [4 Tt ‘e' is thé Suber elevalion mu ie E is Ux Total su resewah vn height OF Ouler diye , The toto] wiSe fn DU lex edge of Pavamenk Wk inner “He will Be Bex I | BC=e€ = eng =eg EpesAnintysrs oF SUPERE LEA ta0N Portes owing on Vehicles Oat ~ Seif weeght (WW) - Cam fig) fra 2) - Frictong) fore for equili Liu Condon Olong a-onsg Cfo Rlose -wsing - fr -f =o lose = weine +4, ——O) Riese = W sind + tu (Nite) for cuyslibrium Gooditron Along Yoas 2 fy =0 Nit th, (Wo se +p Sindev. N+ m= W loco + P.Sing —fii) Rose= wsinet L [wase +P. Sin) Ue Pe Close-scin) = W (Si? +E oso) 5 Re = _Sing+ 5 Cso Ww Gosg =~ § Sing When ole ts smal gfe =Sn0 = ton big v4 pu ets “Ww ere —_ y-te Hest Cmax = 0-1 = 10% and Smin= 010 . Coormal = 0-0F= 47. ond Ssoamo] = O16 CCOCCH0 08008988 0809328289880000805899998@eeoe3020830239893R90 68 A2RFSFEHRE RPGR R9Q@H BOP OROBO l~ef=J~ o1xv) = 0-09 Fe 41 (ne py rpe) Hine Boo= €+5 Ww ty a ere Pe = Nt two A Ww DR [es= 3] 5 Rok of Sureseieump yy t ——_—_—. e+h= (02784AV)> eye = vt Vii EN 7 | te= Nt DE oe DIR ¥-MIsec V- Kp 4 i) + =) 7 Re ih ke Fe ge | ful Coy, Re >Re Ry < Re Regs Rng Ray Zz Ree Ras > Rey Fas > Rog Rou > Re 4 Re > Ra Re =Rp Re Rp NoTE Te may be Seen thot the Contribubin of Sumzelev ation e (007) 7S Much less thanthnt of lateal Frithoo 15) inlvonen thy Garifigol fora1 Some Situn ton Cromelr @ In¥zEethvn arsome bstrution JE FS Nok possible to Provide SuPer ele val iN Such Coses Fackon Qunkraus te Gan bug foce ondif fnttn ig Dis0 Nok Sumbtient then Wolusof Curye 1S nerta sed Whit, iF nok Prssible, Speed of Veride Degrevaling G tun sus be wedudid ty le evo w VE 1242 €=0 —> | Vefioge | —> Mowubk sPred "IN Gor Cases Supectl/uobion May be We in Such (oes. ao Ve jaar i — Quespon- 09 Aqwdiysol Hosrantat (Wave j¢ Iho age a iS Go kmph & $=015 —95 Glwink surrelwonbn vane iF AM |otespy foihen @ *@evpeaoeoseoeoeseegsze SeSQednsaSsHESROBOBO 3 OSsu pnt te deveored © > Coluime Value of S Meeded if Mo SUper elevptn ® 7S Provided < ° ° a@eoeoeeseo9O2K9O9 ORO DTRORHROSESEOOREHOROBOBO Cie ee t$ nay a) t4+o35 = pr EXD = Oop ) t=0 La9 Of f= \ e=0lom = by 12 bey f= 0248 From Previous cnolyss Une Value of @ Needed! iNbrtebes With jnbrease "9 Speed 4 with dlecstobe in mokus oF diart Herter (e) Lan nol be iNotole beyond a Parkituiny avd OS }4 wotd Jead ty Vre CUnShability tp Use. Stow moving Whidle whan Nigh CG en Mey ola Frees; ballon loots adn Value of Cray for ditkercnt ammns TY pe of Teomin Cron Plain vod Rolling Mur ntoneaus & Seep tom =in not bounded by Sm Built ue astafom Shroina oe Gnsidemton jt is Debeescey +o hate a m to oben of Suppor woler. Cav ss Slope TF (al uta ton By et oy * In a) Flot Cume with Inoge Todkus i) less Value of Pe Negabiye Su fest Ipva hon rrmy be Pexmittal On Oitex age 2k AS pes Tee Radius of Curve beyunr) toth whith @ \¢ rok 2 2 bwssStype e ony, Then Provide C66 Supe Moy be provi monaring the Cawn aod Peahve Sufes eleunh'on on Duley @ vt Ui ed sus fb aoe Design Kodus() oF Hpsyzonlal Gove me | 47 | 37 264-24 | bd. 20 50 60 p 90 \vo 25 0 a0 No lho \50 Bu lov 130 \é0 Dov Duo 36 \h0 180 220 ih Su Av loo Quo | By 3o0 4u0 5D 200 Sy0 Ago 65D Gov 60 b40 610 760 q50 | how e Ne WP eeescccce loess sss 6 tensebe 6-Jon~2} @ @ Lesinn of Sufes elevation @* SING mired bolle oP rms on oUs Bonde Ure SUP EHD HDD Besvynig = ie) Complex. @ * Prwviding a Jour Vom OF SuPexaoVativn and aelyiag on laleyy) Fartton Would be vesta Unsafe for fostrwving Vebvthe Bnd provid bi gher value of Supereleunh on Crustes Prrblym ter Sig ae) Vhitle OK Hence ct Comparmice 1% need blw the too A design of Super tua —kon 75 done 05 Pollow s SHB) The superaevahion °S Caleutated for TS. of Resign Speed Ngee the lbtem! Faiction 7 é¢ga Vr +$ We 7 Fox desi fo oe e= (tsv)* =_V* 127 R eR eé= (v-\ — vse while eign a, “a Step) TF the Colulored Value of © fskess than Zy Cp pbbriny € 1S Povvycled Tl Uv Velue of e€ 5s M7 hon ZY then Prk C=F7 ond cheer For lutea) Faction AlsoStep) Chea for Fare bon OrVtlopecd for mon value of C=47% at full Value of design Speed é¢ ga 5 = TTR ° e eo e a ° a L : So NE egies wNhee og ° e ° ° ° ° oe e lar lose TF the vowe of '£” Coleu tare! ts less than O16 Yhe Superele —Votion of 4% TS Safe fr design But, TF rt Comes out to be mone thon OAS then the Speed of Vthide hos tv be vestwaeol ty Sale Valle whieh 15 1295 Lrgn® Asian Speed SHPA) The owuble sPeud Ob the Cusve °S Computes) as Flimws th =v" DAR 0-0} + 015 =_Vae I24R mph TF Ue ollownble 3Pted re highes thon design SPeed thon the desia rs Odeduap but if re rs leag then design 9Peed, the Speed 55 to be limited Lo ON own bl, 3 Peed SPeed Con be reducd by warning Signs of by Speed ima Mpsroven oeOn iMpostont higpuoys os far 28 Possible speed is Noh Tedutad Ihente Ure Curve Should be ‘re- Ol gnead with longer Tidus OF lurvatuee Question — The deSion Speed of a hp wa Bokmph these ig 2 he Zento} Gum of sovlus Lym ony Certain van so fe lit of 4=015 2+ Bluse the urereevanen cgewered to maintenn the SPeod p>. Te eman Sunni, 0.04 GA) is Nol be Pateedes : Compun the mon olhwoble Speed Oni Shooanbal lune O5 i hot Possible dlp sign Ya Livy. SW a) ex Ve = gt A oly c2y 225 R 225X200 2HIK2L > Zy. b) e+ $= Ye ay 0g tg = Bur = 0182 > 618 12%R 124200 \Vn= 5:26 2 = 44-64 kimph & Fokmpy, Due svion — A moyoy district Tome! With hin Lituminoys pe Suyfote 1p Iwo gunfall Grea has hroZonto) Ysre of- mous '4oom if Cesign spd 6 GSkmph , whol Spy lit bebe Ye ¥ ee ite 00134 = I34y 225R 226% vo Thin Bilumimus Paver supfrt. low Roin fol] Comber = 2%. F)-34y frvidke © = 27° Cwse Sipe ayOn impostont highways 8 far 95 Possitle speed is Nt Teduced Ironte he Cuaye Should be e- Olgned with loxger Woius OF Curvatuac Question — The design Speed of a hypway Bokmph there ic O bento! Guan of bockus Lov m ong Lextoin ay sofe Km of 4=015 a, Clutater te Surertevahion geminal to Muintomn the Seed 2, Th the max Supesewahby 0-04 UZ) is Nol be Paceedes Compuy the mon vluiolole Speed On Ys hoz2enbal day OS i Mot P0SSi ble Pole sign the Lame. 202) e- Va — 8 = oly lee % > oy. 225R 225x200 = b) e+ ts VEL, ood tee Bh = obo SoS J2%R 124x207 \a= 5:28 25 = 44-64 kimph = Fokmpy, Mestion — A Muyrxr distict Td with Yin bruminoug pavement Suyfole in Iino pan fon Brea has hratonto) Hare of- WOU Lz \Goum if Cesign sped s CokmPh, Whol Shoytol be tre “oY Gove 2 ese oo | faa, 226K 225XIhvo Thin Bumimous Pavement Supfnte low Rain fol Gombe = 2Y. PISbY “. Prvick E> 2/° Css Swe 27Sinte e@ 2 Camber Provide C= 2x But it WOU Hapal be Supeyenvolen —ets=_v 24R 0-02 + OIF = OF NE = 65% = o0ns4 l29R 124th 09 Sine ~ebssaV? — yehie is sakeon Ukr Aye also 242 7 NoTE On ouler edge fio mobjjsed Would be Jess thon S eee Of ures chevaten Tm See Tnboduchon of Super eleven OO hoor20nIp) Cue in the Rud rs vy tuptal 0s on Swank Porton of mod Che noxmel ° Grmboey 5 Provided wth Cown ab Cope 27 Oownunnd @ 9” both Sides : But the Prstion Of Cle On Crwlow Quae is SuPes der/ateole With bnifrmly SloPrng down from outer Age UP by the inne edge of Povemen eZ ZIT, gerrie A, : S@eeoaseoeea Oa eaa000009 00900: Strvgn Pron Cuared Pvrbon of cf Revd Ravel1@eeee2THHHOHGHOGOeGEHTHFHOHHHoeHoeoaeeeeeese Mivin rent of “e’ is donern 2 Stoges — Elimination of Crown of Camber Seition “> Rotabion vf Pavemunt tv attain Kul Super devolron Dek Minokvn of Craven of lambes Sethipn ®) ty 1% metnad cules hulf BF te Covss Swe rs Tototed crbow the Conn at desixed Pate ty olin the “e' of inner hoif OF A Cnpre Singig Nok altested n NL xy 0 b) TD Lelong mebrod (Diogpnol Con me Usod ) the Coon $1 Shi flag Pegass itty Dk woad just thus iMlatacing the width of 1Anee hark of Cass Settion