ECTOPIC PREGNANCY

 Abnormal implantation of blastocyst outside the

endometrial lining of the uterine cavity.
 The most common site is the ampulla of the fallopian
tube.
 Classic Triad of ectopic: Hypogastric pain, vaginal
bleeding, and delayed menses.
 Outcomes of ectopic pregnancy include tubal rupture,
tubal abortion, or failure of pregnancy with resolution.
 Diagnostics for ectopic include ultrasound where we
see the Pseudogestational sac, visualization of
adnexal mass separate from ovary, & Laparoscopy
ADNEXAL TORSION
Adnexal torsion is twisting of the ovary and sometimes
the fallopian tube, interrupting the arterial supply and
causing ischemia. Adnexal torsion occurs most often
during reproductive years. It usually indicates an ovarian
abnormality. Risk factors for adnexal torsion include the
following: Pregnancy.

LEIOMYOMA – benign smooth muscle tumor (most

commonly seen in uterus) that rarely becomes cancer
(0.1%). Most common type is Submucosal myoma.
PID
 Intraperitoneal Pelvic operations not associated with
pregnancy.
 Infection include oviducts (most common), and also
ovary, endometrium, uterine wall… etc
 Patients with acute PID present with a wide range of
nonspecific clinical symptoms and signs. The severity
of the clinical presentation of acute PID varies from
indiscernible symptoms like fever, cervical discharge,
uterine/adnexal tenderness to diffuse peritonitis and
a life-threatening illness.

ENDOMETRIOSIS
Classic histologic findings
 Ectopic Endometrial Glands
 Ectopic endometrial stroma
 Hemorrhage into the adjacent tissue