Name.Aimenbetova Adiya Student Number.

037120114

Dear all! Homework on Lecture one listed below, you can give your answers in
Chaoxing directly or email to nkmf001@126.com in Word format. Thank you.
Deadline: 27, Sept, 2022. (one day before our fourth class)
There are six questions in Mankiw’s principles of economics, pp.149-150.
PROBLEMS AND APPLICATION
No. 4., 5., 6., 10., 11.

4. It is a hot day, and Bert is thirsty. Here is the value he places on each bottle of
water:
Value of first bottle $7
Value of second bottle $5
Value of third bottle $3
Value of fourth bottle $1
a. From this information, derive Bert’s demand schedule. Graph his demand curve for
bottled water.
b. If the price of a bottle of water is $4, how many bottles does Bert buy? How much
consumer surplus does Bert get from his purchases? Show Bert’s consumer surplus in
your graph.
c. If the price falls to $2, how does quantity demanded change? How does Bert’s
consumer surplus change? Show these changes in your graph.

Answer:
a. From this information, derive Bert’s demand schedule. Graph his demand curve for
bottled water.

Price Quantity Demanded

More than $7 0

$5 to $7 1

$3 to $5 2

$1 to $3 3

$1 or less 4

b. When the price of a bottle of water was $ 4, Bert bought 2 bottles of water.
Consumer surplus of him is shown as area A in Fig. He valued his first bottle of water
at 7 dollars, but only pay 4 dollars for it, so the consumer surplus is $ 3. He valued his
second bottle of water at 5 dollars, but only pay 4 dollars for it, so the consumer
surplus of $ 1. Therefore, the total consumer surplus of $ 3 + $ 1 = $ 4, is in the area
of A

c. When the price of a water bottle dropped from $ 4 to $ 2, Bert bought three bottles
of water, increasing it. His consumer surplus includes both areas A and B in the
figure, an increase in the number of areas B. He gets a $ 5 consumer surplus from the
first bottle ($ 7 minus $ 2 ), $ 3 from the second bottle (minus $ 5 The $ 2 price) and $
1 from the third bottle ($ 3 minus $ 2), with a total consumer surplus of $ 9.
Therefore, consumer surplus increased $ 5 (which is the size of area B) when the price
of a bottle of water dropped from $ 4 to $ 2.

5. Ernie owns a water pump. Because pumping large amounts of water is harder than
pumping small amounts, the cost of producing a bottle of water rises as he pumps
more. Here is the cost he incurs to produce each bottle of water:
Cost of first bottle $1
Cost of second bottle $3
Cost of third bottle $5
Cost of fourth bottle $7
a. From this information, derive Ernie’s supply schedule. Graph his supply curve for
bottled water.
b. If the price of a bottle of water is $4, how many bottles does Ernie produce and
sell? How much producer surplus does Ernie get from these sales? Show Ernie’s
producer surplus in your graph.
c. If the price rises to $6, how does quantity supplied change? How does Ernie’s
producer surplus change? Show these changes in your graph.

Answer:
a. Ernie's supply schedule for water is:-
PRICE QUANTITY SUPPLIED
More that $7 4
$5 to $7 3
$3 to $5 2
$1 to $3 1
Less than $1 0

The supply graph is as attached below:

b. Ernie sells two bottles of water when the price of a bottle of water is $4.
Surplus and graph
His producer surplus is depicted in the diagram below as region A. Ernie receives $4
for his first bottle of water, but it only costs $1 to make, therefore he has a $3
producer surplus. He also gets $4 for his second bottle of water, which costs $3 to
make, so he has a $1 producer surplus. As a result, Ernie's total producer surplus is $3
+ $1 = $4, which corresponds to the area of A shown in the picture below.

c.When the price of a bottle of water increases from $4 to $6, Ernie sells three bottles,
a one-percentage-point gain.
Surplus change and graph
His producer surplus is comprised of both areas A and B in the figure below, with the
size of area B increasing. He receives a $5 producer surplus from the first bottle ($6
price minus $1 cost), a $3 producer surplus from the second bottle ($6 price minus $3
cost), and a $1 producer surplus from the third bottle ($6 price minus $5 price), for a
total producer surplus of $9. When the price of a bottle of water goes from $4 to $6,
the producer surplus increases by $5 (the size of area B).
6. Consider a market in which Bert from problem 4 is the buyer and Ernie from
problem 5 is the seller.
a. Use Ernie’s supply schedule and Bert’s demand schedule to find the quantity
supplied and quantity demanded at prices of $2, $4, and $6. Which of these prices
brings supply and demand into equilibrium?
b. What are consumer surplus, producer surplus, and total surplus in this equilibrium?
c. If Ernie produced and Bert consumed one fewer bottle of water, what would happen
to total surplus?
d. If Ernie produced and Bert consumed one additional bottle of water, what would
happen to total surplus?

a. The equilibrium occurs when quantity demanded equals quantity supplied.

b. In equilibrium total surplus is maximized and equals the sum of consumer and
producer surpluses.
c. If Ernie produced and Bert consumed one fewer bottle of water, then total surplus
will decrease.
d. If Ernie produced and Bert consumed one additional bottle of water, then total
surplus would decrease too.

10. A friend of yours is considering two cell phone service providers. Provider A
charges $120 per month for the service regardless of the number of phone calls made.
Provider B does not have a fixed service fee but instead charges $1 per minute for
calls. Your friend’s monthly demand for minutes of calling is given by the equation
QD =150-50P, where P is the price per minute.
a. With each provider, what is the cost to your friend of an extra minute on the phone?
b. In light of your answer to (a), how many minutes with each provider would your
friend talk on the phone?
c. How much would she end up paying each provider every month?
d. How much consumer surplus would she obtain with each provider? (Hint: Graph
the demand curve and recall the formula for the area of a triangle.)
e. Which provider would you recommend that your friend choose? Why?

(a) cost of an extra minute in

Provider A=0
Provider B=1
(b) provider A
Q=150-50p
Q=150−50p
50p=150-Q
50p=150−Q
P=3-Q/50
P=3−Q/50
0=3-Q/50
0=3−Q/50
Q=150
Q=150
150 minutes
150minutes
Provider B
1=3-Q/50
1=3−Q/50
Q/50=3-1
Q/50=3−1
Q=100
Q=100
100minutes
100minutes
(c) with provider A
120 Rs per month
120Rspermonth
With provider B
100*1=100
100∗1=100
100 Rs per month
100Rspermonth
(d) with provider A
150*3/2=225-120=105
150∗3/2=225−120=105
With provider B
100*2/2=100
100∗2/2=100
(e) Provider A. Because the option offers more consumer surplus.

11. Consider how health insurance affects the quantity of healthcare services
performed. Suppose that the typical medical procedure has a cost of $100, yet a
person with health insurance pays only $20 out of pocket. Her insurance company
pays the remaining $80. (The insurance company recoups the $80 through premiums,
but the premium a person pays does not depend on how many procedures that person
chooses to undertake.)
a. Draw the demand curve in the market for medical care. (In your diagram, the
horizontal axis should represent the number of medical procedures.) Show the
quantity of procedures demanded if each procedure has a price of $100.
b. On your diagram, show the quantity of procedures demanded if consumers pay
only $20 per procedure. If the cost of each procedure to society is truly $100, and if
individuals have health insurance as described above, will the number of procedures
performed maximize total surplus? Explain.
c. Economists often blame the health insurance system for excessive use of medical
care. Given your analysis, why might the use of care be viewed as “excessive”?
d. What sort of policies might prevent this excessive use?

a. The demand curve for medical care is depicted below:

Demand curve
b. The consumer has to pay $20 per procedure; the quantity demanded is Q2.
However, the cost to society is $100, and the quantity that maximizes the total surplus
is Q1, which is less than Q2.
c. The use of medical care is excessive because doctors receive extra payments for
each procedure (needed or not) they perform, which encourages them to seek extra
procedures.
d. There are several ways to protect the excessive use of medical care. Correctly
identifying the marginal cost of insurance that must be paid by the consumer before
determining the insurance amount can reduce medical care use. The insurance
company can also be involved in determining whether a procedure is needed or not.