Slide 2 - Production costs are the expenses incurred by a firm when it manufactures a

product or provides a service that generates income. Labor, raw materials, consumable
manufacturing supplies, and general overhead can all be included in production costs.

Slide 3 - Honda - It has been the world's largest motorcycle manufacturer since 1959 as well
as the world's largest manufacturer of internal combustion engines measured by volume,
producing more than 14 million internal combustion engines each year Honda was the first
Japanese automobile manufacturer to release a dedicated luxury brand, Acura, in 1986.

Proton - It was established in 1985 as Malaysia's sole national badged car

company until the advent of Perodua in1993. The company is headquartered in Shah Alam,
Selangor, and operates additional facilities in Proton City, Perak. 'Proton' is a Malay acronym
for Perusahaan Otomobil Nasional (National Automobile Company).

Slide 6 - A low-cost producer is a business that exploits economies of scale to manufacture

low-cost goods or services.
- When it is less expensive to manufacture your product or component, you can
charge a lower price than your competitors. Improved sales from a high-quality, low-
cost product lead to increased revenues and profits, which you can reinvest in your
company's growth.