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OMP110080 GSM Frequency Planning ISSUE2.02
OMP110080 GSM Frequency Planning ISSUE2.02
Planning
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Contents
1. Frequency Planning Basic
1.1 Frequency Resource of GSM System
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Frequency Resource of GSM System
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Frequency Resource of GSM System
Frequency Range Uplink Downlink
ARFCN
Spectrum (MHz) Frequency Value Frequency Value
890~915
P-GSM900 Fu(n)=890+0.2n 1≦n ≦ 124 Fd(n)=Fu(n)+45
935~960
1710~1785
DCS1800 Fu(n)=1710.2+0.2(n-512) 512 ≦ n ≦ 885 Fd(n)=Fu(n)+95
1805~1880
1850~1910
PCS1900 Fu(n)=1850.2+0.2(n-512) 512 ≦ n ≦ 810 Fd(n)=Fu(n)+80
1930~1990
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Concept of Frequency Reuse
d
Micro-cell system
{fi,fj..fk} .. {fi,fj..fk} .. {fi,fj..fk}
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Reuse Density
The spectrum utilization ratio can be expressed by frequency reuse
density (freuse), which reveals the tightness of the frequency reuse and
can be expressed by the following equation
N ARFCN
f reuse
N TRX
NARFCN is the total number of the available channel numbers,
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Question
(1) Frequency bandwidth is 12MHZ, if frequency reuse
density is 4x3,each cell has how many TRX?
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Reuse Density
Reuse density is the number of cells in a basic reuse cluster.
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4×3 Frequency Reuse
C1 C2
A1
A2 C3
C1 D1
C2 D2
A3
A1 A2
B1
B2
C1 C2
C3 D3
D1 A1
A3 D2 A2
B1 B3 C3
C1 D1 D2
B2 D3 C2 A3
A1 B1
B3 A2 B2
C1 C2 C3 D1 D3
A3 D2 B3
A1 A2 B1
C3 B2
D1 D3
D2 C1 C2
A3 B3
B1 B2 A1
D3 A2 C3 D1
B3 D2
A3 B1
B2 D3
B3
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Requirement for C/I Ratio
Other signals
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Requirement for C/I Ratio
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Exercise
Cell A fre 5
?dB<
-70dB
Cell C fre 4
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Contents
1. Frequency Planning
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Example of 4 x 3 Frequency Reuse
Hereunder are several assumptions
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4 x 3 Frequency Reuse Conclusion
The 4 x 3 frequency reuse pattern is a basic technology applied in frequency
planning. Which must be applied to the BCCH in frequency aggressive reuse
technologies
If the network capacity needs to be further expanded, the following measures can
be taken:
Split a cell into smaller cells.
Utilize new frequency resources. For example, you can establish a DSC
1800MHz network.
Under the current 900MHz network, use more tight frequency reuse technology
to expand the network capacity.
At present, the tight frequency reuse technology works as the most economical and
convenient way to expand the network capacity, so it is also the most popular with
carriers.
The typical frequency reuse technology includes 3 x 3, 2 x 6, 2 x 3, 1 x 3, and 1 x 1.
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Contents
1. Frequency Planning
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Contents
3. Tight Frequency Reuse
3.1 1×3 Frequency Reuse Pattern
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1 x 3 Frequency Reuse Pattern
1 x 3 frequency reuse pattern is also called
fractional reuse.
For 1 x 3 or 1 x 1 frequency reuse pattern,
the reuse distance is quite small, so the A1 A2
interference in the network is quite great. A1
A2
Therefore, to avoid frequency collision, A3
A1
A2
you must use RF hopping technology and A3
A1
A2
set the parameters, including MA (mobile A3
allocation), HSN (hopping sequence A3
number), and MAIO (mobile allocation
index offset). The ratio of number of the
TRXs to that of the available frequency
hopping is FR LOAD (generally, it is
smaller than 50%).
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Example of 1 x 3 Frequency Reuse
If the available bandwidth is 10MHz ,the channel numbers are 45~94
For BCCH carriers, channel numbers is 81~94, frequency reuse pattern is 4×3
For TCH carriers, channel numbers is 45~80, frequency reuse pattern is 1×3
Frequency group number Channel number MAIO
A 80, 77, 74, 71, 68, 65, 62, 59, 56, 53, 50, 47 0, 2, 4,6, 8, 10 space
B 79, 76, 73, 70, 67, 64, 61, 58, 55, 52,49, 46 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11 grouping
C 78, 75, 72, 69, 66, 63, 60, 57, 54, 51, 48, 45 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10
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Example of 1×3 Frequency Reuse
Suppose 900 band: 96~124
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TCH Consecutive Allocation Scheme
Cell1
MA1 (110,112)
Cell1
MA1 (110,112)
Cell3 Cell2
(120,122) MA3 MA2 (115,117)
Cell3 Cell2
(120,122) MA3 MA2 (115,117)
Cell1
MA1 (110,112)
Cell3 Cell2
(120,122) MA3 MA2 (115,117)
MAIO
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TCH Interval Allocation Scheme
Cell1 Cell1
MA1 (110,113) MA1 (110,113)
Cell1
MA1 (110,113)
Cell3 Cell2
(124,112) MA3 MA2 (117,120)
MAIO
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The Characteristics of the 1 x 3
The frequencies are more tightly reused, so the network capacity is great.
When planning a network, only need to plan BCCH, while it’s unnecessary to
re-plan frequencies. So the efficiency for network planning is high.
Wideband combiner must be used, but the cavity combiner with frequency
selectivity is inapplicable.
Co-channel and neighbor channel interference increases as the frequency reuse
distance decreases.
RF hopping must be used, and the channel numbers participating frequency
hopping is twice that of the number of carriers at least.
In actual conditions, BCCH cannot take measures, such as RF hopping, DTX,
and power control, therefore, in order to ensure network quality, BCCH can
only use the looser 4 x 3 frequency reuse pattern.
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Example of 1 x 1 Frequency Reuse
One cell of one base station forms a frequency reuse cluster
For TCHgroup
Frequency carriers,
numberchannel numbers is 96~110, frequency reuse patternMAIO
Channel number is 1×1
A 96,97,98,99,100,101,102,103,104,105,106,107,108,109,110 0,2,4
B 96,97,98,99,100,101,102,103,104,105,106,107,108,109,110 6,8
C 96,97,98,99,100,101,102,103,104,105,106,107,108,109,110 10,12
1×3
1BCCH+12TCH 1BCCH+12TCH
1BCCH+3TCH
1BCCH+36TCH
1BCCH+3TCH 1BCCH+3TCH
1×1
1BCCH+36TCH 1BCCH+36TCH
4×3
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Illustration of 1×3 or 1×1
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Contents
1. Frequency Planning
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Conception of Concentric Cell Technology
In the GSM network, concentric cell technology is used to divide the
service area into two parts: overlaid and underlaid.
Essentially, the concentric cell technology concerns channel allocation
and handover, but when combining this technology with various
frequency planning technologies, both expand network capacity can be
improved network quality.
Overlaid-cell
Underlaid-cell
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Conception of Concentric Cell Technology
Generally, 4 x 3 frequency reuse pattern is used for the underlaid. For
overlaid, the frequency reuse patterns, such as 3 x 3, 2 x 3, or 1 x 3,
are used. Therefore, all carriers can be divided into two groups, one
for underlaid, and the other one for overlaid.
Underlaid Overlaid
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Overlaid/Underlaid Frequency Configuration
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Underlaid/Overlaid Frequency Allocation
If the capacity of the overlaid is great, we can group the
channel numbers according to the following table. In this
case, the overlaid has more channel numbers, which is
beneficial for the base station to absorb nearby traffic
volume.
Logical
channel Channel number (6MHz bandwidth concentric cell )
Underlaid 6 6 6 6 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7
(12) 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Overlaide 7 7 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 9 9 9 9 9 9 9
(18) 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 8 0 1 2 3 4 5
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Underlaid/Overlaid Frequency Allocation
If traffic volume is evenly distributed, we can enhance the
underlaid capacity through grouping the channel
numbers according to the following table. In this case,
the underlaid can absorb more traffic volume.
Logical
Channel number (6MHz bandwidth concentric cell )
channel
Underlaid 6 6 6 6 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
(24) 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Overlaid 9 9 9 9 9 9
(6 ) 0 1 2 3 4 5
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The Characteristics of Concentric Cell Technology
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Contents
1. Frequency Planning
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Conception of MRP Technology
According to multiple reuse pattern (MRP), the carriers
are divided into several groups.
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Conception of MRP Technology
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MRP Application Procedure
Firstly, divide an available band into several sub-bands. Generally, an
independent sub-bands is for the BCCH bands.
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Example of MRP
Capacity increase when reuse density is multiplied:
Supposing there are 300 cells
Multiple reuse:
BCCH layer: reuse density=12, (14 frequency)
Normal TCH layer: reuse density=10, (20 frequency)
Aggressive TCH layer: reuse density= 6, (6 frequency)
Network capacity = (1 +2 +1)×300 = 1200 TRX
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Advantages of MRP
The network capacity is great and frequency utilization
rate is high.
The channel configuration is flexible. The frequency reuse
pattern is selected according to network capacity and
traffic distribution. In the areas where the traffic is high,
you can add carriers to these areas.
Baseband hopping and RF hopping can be used.
The base station type can be configures flexibly, which is
good for network quality.
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Comparison Between MRP and 1×3
For Multi-layer reuse pattern, either Base band hopping or RF hopping
can be used. But for 1x3 reuse, only RF hopping can be used.
The frequency planning for the 1x3 mode is simple and it is easy to
plan the frequency for new added TRX and BTS.
For the cells with fixed number of TRX, when the traffic is heavy, the
1x3 provides higher service quality than that of Multi-layer reuse
pattern.
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Exercise
To realize 11BTSs S1/1/1 via BCCH(4×3): 1---14.
B
D
A
F
G H
J K
I
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Summary
In this course, we have learned:
Frequency planning basic conception
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Thank you
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