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    Dao Dung - Tien Di Dong

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    aE se i ESSN - 0866 - 7462 : ani in 86 110 size =~CCO QUAN CUA NGAN HANG NHA NUGC VIET NAM Gidi phdp chuyén dich co’ cdu thu nhap cua cdc ngan hang thuong mai tai Viet Nam theo hung gia tang ty trong thu nhap dich vu TAC BONG CUA DICH BENH COVID-19 nN WAM THU 68 @Nganh ‘ne e Fae NHONG VAN bE KINH TE Vi MO NGAN HANG VOI SU NGHIEP PHAT TRIEN NONG NGHIEP VA NONG THON rn win TAP 2- Tac dng cia dich bgnh Covid-19 én PS, TS, Do Mi Phi cung, c&u va tung gin ti chinh. 45- Arbank “tgp sfc" nguén vn gdp ao tne BEN TAP TS. Bui Duy HUN | pong dan 46% at 1. Noun Tana ‘Ts. guy T Than ind 6: Kich bin no dit 46 ve nén Kh yc Wing CHiN SACH XA HOI 01 Gua nen TAP 18, gin hag va kc ang trong gil VIAN SINH XA HO} Pr Thing Se NNN Nguyen Th Hing Ci eh 08ND ee eae TS. Ton Thanh Tam 47-Ngdn hang Chin séch x ih Gia Lal ie eeuiaan 8 ry noo va cc tong chin sch, 1S. uj Que Hing 418- Tac dong xa hi cia dich Covid-19, ane: TS. Nouyén Minh Phong | TAI CHINH VA NGAN HANG QUOC TE 78. Ngyén To Ann TS, Bi Tin Noi CONG NGHE NGAN HANG 49- Sit dung chinh sach tién te va chinh Tsu a sch ti Kida Vigt Nam trong gai doan 7 oie Ga 418: Thi idm tén oi dng - Cac van 48 dich nh Covid-19 - Mét vai quan st mee cin quan tam Hoa Kj va cae quée oa. Vin Thing eae 6S, TS. Ha Ti Tu Dao, Ho’ng Thi Lan Huong, TAS. Ngéa Dd Long Pham Thi Dung ‘Bao Anh Tuan Tas. Man Hang HS. DB Wet Hing se Pig Dg 26- Giai phap chuyén dich cd cu thu 53+ Quain ty nha nude vé ng xu ~ Kin 1, Pham uy at nndp cla cao moan hang thuong mal tal gem te ga va ba hoc cho Viet Nam. ] Ts. Pram kan Hoo Vigt Nam theo huéng gia tang ty trong The RN staf ey a thu nhap ch vu. : oasoan Th. Lé Hoang Tung sts ‘$664 Nowén Ch Thanh, vanhom nghign cau | HOC TAP VA LAM THEO TU TUONG, pug Lang Thong, qn Bing Da, Ha No ‘BAO DUC, PHONG CACH HO CHI MINH Eat -banberateh@gralicon , ‘anthuky_torh@sbv.gov.vn DOANH NGHIEP VOI NGAN HANG: Fax (024) 30302192 60: Hinh nh cao dep cla Béc H6 trong TASK - EN TAP 35- Phat trién Bancassurance gin dich bin gid nam 1960. 8: 024 s8802185 Viet Nam - Mot 6 oii pep. (@29 s63ses07 ThS. Pham Xuan Hoe, ‘DOAN THE - XA HOI HAT HAN, QUANG CAD ThS. Lé Phi Loe OT: (24 S0502167 61- Cong doan Ngan hang Viet Nam: a ‘38- Hudng dn cia ICC vé tac dong cla Hudng t6i ky niém 70 nam ngay thanh (6 phi bin 243.08 TTT I Aicu ate ae y DA Covid-19 461 voi cae giao dich tai tro lap Ngan, leh wt Vi am - iN ng thuong mel tuan thi cae quy ti 100 53 10 Ph Chia Be ~ ling Oa =H Nouyén Hou Doe uni «AM Blidn thoal: 024 38522125 - 024 35729069 Aimer E> cons none cio wanes ai vigt m6 ta cae van dé cn quan tim trong thi diém tién di dng (mobile money). Két qua nghién cifu so bg cho thay: (1) So ugng cée SAAS Tag, Sq Gray wag, ian thanh toin kha nhiéu nhumg chi tap trung trong 5 céng ty lon ‘vi 94% thj phan; (2) Khuén_ kno phap ly hoat dng thi diém tién di dng di khé day dit nhung con thigu mét s6 n6i dung quan trong ign quan dén dai ly, bio hiém tién gir, dink dank ngudi sir dung; (3) Cac céng ty cung {img dich vu trung gian thanh ton su khde biét ving mien, 6% tinh, trinh d6,... ctia ngudi sit dung: va (4) Nguoi sir dung tiém ning vé s6 Iugng nhung dé 16 thanh ngudi sit dung thuc sy, ‘ho cin duge trang bi kién thitc tii chinh va cng nghé,... Tir nhimg phat hign 46, cling dua ra mét s6 goi ¥nhim thic day phat trién tién di dong tai Vigt Nam. 1. Tai sao phai thi diém di dong Voi din s6 98 trigu nguoi va phan Ién la ngudi tré trong 46 ©6 44 trigu ngudi sit dung dign thoai thong minh, Vigt Nam dimg hang thir 14 trén thé gigi ve sO nguoi sit dung dign thoai théng minh (Statista, 2019). Tuy nhién, theo théng ké ciia World Bank (2019), pha mang ludi duge dén ving xa, ving su, Ngén hang Néng nghigp va Phat trién Nong thon, tuy e6 mang hi kin nhat, nhung van chua phi kin diém giao dich 6 cde xa. Con Ngan hang Chinh sich XA hoi di cé diém giao dich 6 céc xa nhung van chua ccung cp dich vu thanh todn cho ngudi dan. Nhin chung, céc tink’ thanh pho trén c& mute ty 16 xa chua ¢6 diém giao dich cfing edn kh nhiéu (Bang 2). ‘Tai Viét Nam, hau hét ede nga ‘hang déu nhgn thire durge tim quan trong cia dich va ngan hang dign tir voi cae hinh thife thanh toan nhigu vidign tr, Hign 6 78 t6 chire khai dich vy thanh toén qua internet va 47 16 chite cung img cae djch vu thanh ton qua BTDD (VA-DK, 2019). Tuy nhién, mie 49 ngudi sir dung dich vy nay vin ccOn rat thap, chura tuong ximg v6i tiém nang cua thi trrdng. Trong béi canh dé, vige thi diém Bang 1: Ty 1@ dan s6 chua 6 ta khodn ngan hang (%) THING TIEN DONG - CA Win CAN QUANT °SPGS., TS. Ha Thi Thiéu Dao * SSN tin di dng 1a mot bra ch Iv vi cung cap dich vy titn 12 mot trong nhimng hinh tht dua dich vu tai chinh dé dao nguoi dan, dic biét che c6 thu nh§p thap va chua khoan ngan hing hoie thar cho cdc khodn nho lé, Vai t day tai chinh toan dign the phat trién dich vu tai ché tién di dng mang lai nhi ich cho khich hing, dc Khdch hang tai chinh vi m dé cép dén trong nhieu ei ¢ nhiéu nude nhur T (Abiona & Koppensteiner Banglades (Rahman, A & Tooheen, 2012) va M (Grootenhuis, 2019). Bai viet nay phan tick vn dé cin quan tim 4é 1 thanh cng dich vy tién di 2. Tién di dong va cc anh huding 2.1, Tién di dng la git ‘Tién di dgng con dug tin dign tir trén thué bao : aa sgl zon 2014 Vigt Nam 6 ty 1g din so cha [fuente % o 6 tai khodin ngan hang chiém ty [taitan 2 trong cao trong tong quan so ory —| 2 s = sah véi ee nude trong Khu wwe jenna + a cfing nhw toan thé gidi (Bang 1). “Malaysia 4 19 T ém vao 46, ngfin ha lao 73 Smee zi Them vao d6, ngan hang chua | 9) 2 as ASEAN o— 3 aH ~ Tring GaiheeNgin hing Truc = CTnégt [8 3 zi ** IDV Ving Tau, Cn Bo Ngwan: World 1 COCO CUE U MNO RTC BIDVS CHIASE CO HOI, HOP TACTHANH CONG Denny Pecan a CC Bang 2: Ty lé xa chia ¢6 tai khodn ngan hang & mot s6 tinh/thanh pho oy row | M08 |] tw | en | | tty eon [7 | wants [css ST) ahs |S |STT) anes [hie Thane a foams —|as_[ a emgn ——at T_Nghé in| 34222 [sonia 9a sinha 13 3 Hi buong [313 | 23 Ha Nom ia2_[ 2 eG 524 ¢ htm [29120 aks 2 [4 Quing nga 1.28 5 trash [284 | 25 siping | 178-45 Kontum | 124 6—hamojeh | 2.69[-26 [raven 15 46 ats ving | 17 7 ingnai | 269 27 caMau 75_[ ar eintng | 1 ng hip | 262 | 29 lowing] 1.68 | 48 pc Lu a ‘9 [Quing Nem [255 | 29 [Lang Son 1,60 _| 49" [An Giang 95 10" Moh tng” [235 | 30 fhThugn 153 | 50_NinhThuba—[ 07 [itn Gizng”|-248| 31-ruen Quang 146 SI deGang | U0 12 hatNguyén| 240 [32 Nnhian | as | 52 enc 073 15 PhTho [218 [33 [ouingsin | 145 | 53 Hod nn | 0.55 Va oat | aie | a6 stint | 146 | sa ocntann | ose 15 Lengan | 218 | 35 Proven s_| 55 fen 051 16 Bdennh | 2.11_[ 36 Liming | 146 | $6 Jouing inn | ast 17 Hagen | 2,11] 37 inhovong | 146 | 57 S6eTang 18 finninn—[-211_| 38 Muang 14s | san Phase [036 13 fayninn | p79 haichau 138 59 foaNiog [015 20 Bente | 197 | 40 MnP | tae Nw: Tig ove Thigh 2078) dich vu thanh ton dign tit khong thong qua tai khodin ngdn hang. Theo Global System Mobile Association - GSMA (2008), tién di dong duge dinh nghia 1a cée dich vu két néi khéch hang vé ‘mgt ti chinh théng qua mang di dong. Tién di dong bao gém cfc dich vu chi tra di dong (giao dich 18 va than ton héa dom), chuyén tién qua mang di déng, chuyén fia cic thué bao, nhimg ‘giao dich tin dung nh6, quin ly Wi khodn qua may di dong, vi nhing dich vu twong tr. Theo 46, nguéi sir dung dich vy tién di dng c6 thé thanh toan tir xa théng qua DTDD (tin dién, tién nude....), chuyén/nh§n tién (nhiin/ tra tién tai chinh vi m6, nhgn tién (ngudi dan a ndng thdn, ving sau, viing xa cé thé hu tién trén dign thoai thay vi phai dé tién dudi chiéu hay dé tién trong ngudi) - day la dich vy danh cho nhimg ngudi nghéo khéng 6 {di khodin ngin hang dé gidip ho 6 thé tiép cn véi nhiing dich vu tai chinh co ban, g6p phan x6a adi titn di dong 14 chuyén di hinh thire cd tién mat sang tién dign tir theo ty 18 1:1 Tai Vigt Nam, tién di dong 1a tién dign tir do t6 chite cung img. dich vy trang gian thanh todn kinh doanh dich vu vién théng phat anh va dinh dank khéch hang thong qua eo si dtr Higu thué bao di d6ng. Vi dién tir 1a tién ign tir do t6 chite cung img dich ‘yy trung gian thanh toan phat hanh vi dinh danh khéch hing thong qua tdi khodn thanh todn cia khich hing mé tai ngan hing (NHNN, 20192). Noi céch khic, vé ban chit, tién di dng chinh 1a tien dién ti theo dinh nghia eta eéc mre. Voi Vigt Nam, d6 18 mt loai vi dign tir nhung khéng lién két voi khodn ngin hing, 2.2. Lam gi dé thie day sw phat trién cia dich vy tién di dong Tien di dong li mot trong ede dang img dung cua fintech (Alliance for Financial Inclusion, 2019) nhu trong Hinh 1. Theo ly thuyét vé tién trinh ‘A ead scenes peal Helbammiiciea COWG NGNENGKN HANG GS) & Fleischer (1990) cho ring 4& 6 thé phat trién tién di ding ean nghién citu cic yéu té: (1) Dac diém khach hang (nhén thie, nhu céu dich vy, kinh nghigm sit dung dich vy, chi phi sir dung, mie 9 tin tuéng vio dich vy, anh hudng cia céng ding, higu qua mong doi, de diém nan khdu hoe); (2) Nha cung cp dich vy tai chinh (ha ting théng tin va truyén théng, chuyén gia thing tin va truyén thong, hé tre cia chinh phil, quy m6 cia nha cung cap dich vy tai chinh, hd try cla nha quin 1 edip cao, ngudn lye tai chinh, nh§n thire ve Igi ich, thi trugng va sin phim); (3) Sy i hop gitra ce ban lién quan dén dich vu tién di dong; (4) Mai truimg phip ly cho vige phat trién tién di dong; va (5) Mo hinh kinh doanh dich vu tién di dng. Cac nghién ciru tnd cfing cho thy, ngudi sir dung cing thich ign di dOng do sur thusin tign va dé sir dung (Sayid, Echchabi & Echchabi, 2012; Marumbwa wa, 2013; Miche Lule & Muketha,2013; Etim & Alice, 2014; Narteh, Mahmoud & Amoh, 2017); anh huéng xa hoi, sy tin tung, su hp dn iia cic Iya chon thanh todn di dong va thdi quen (Mehriens, Cragg & Mills, 2001; Amoroso & Magnier-Watanabe, 2012; Tang & tg, 2014; Chauhan, 2015; Yadav, 2017; Narteh, Mahmoud va Amoh, 2017). Bén canh 46, nguidi sir dung cing e ngai vi dign tr nhur céim nhfn ri ro, tinh bao mat va quyén rigng tu, dn danh iia cic giao dich, chi phi giao dich (Sahut, 2008; Swilley, 2010; Amoroso & Magnier-Watanabe, 2012; Tobin, 2012; Jack & Suri2014; Chogo & Sedoyeka, 2014; Osei-Assibey, 2015; Yadav, 2017; Baganzi & Lau, 2017). Nhimng yéu té nay cing trong ding véi cdc yéu t6 duge GSMA. dura vio b@ chi so MMRI (Mobile iA Pmt G2 coves wont waar ne Hinh +: Fintech va cae ting dung pier gud: Aline 3. Phuiong phap va di ligu nghién itu Neghién ciu nay phan tich ci phia cung va phia cu dich vu fing nur ee nhan t6 ¢6 lién quan anh hung dén vige trién Khai dich vy tién di dng. Vé phia nha cung cp, nghién céu sir dung sé ligu thét cap tir cdc bao cao. pé phan tich phia nguvi ding, nghién citu sit dung sé ligu thir cap tir nién gidm thong ké Viét Nam, tinh todn tir b6 dtr igu diéu tra mite sng dan cu (VHLS (Téng cue Thong ké, 2018), bd dir ligu Financial Inclusion cla Ngan hang Thé gidi (World Bank, 2019) va cdc ngudn dit ligu durge trich dan trong bai 4, Banh gia cae nhan t6 can lu y hi trién Khai thi diém tién di dong tai Vigt Nam 4.1, Dic diém nha cung ep Tir nim 2008 dén thang 8/2011, ‘Nein hing Nha nude (NHNN) da cip giap phép thi diém dich vy trung gian thanh ton cho 08 at et) Pree Oras cry oe ron omar (danh sich trong vin bin 6251/ NHNN-TT ngay 10/8/2011 vé vige thye hign giao dich thanh ton true tuyén va vi dign tt). Tuy nhign, chi trong hai nam gan dy, dich vu trung gian thanh todn, dc bigt ld vi dign tir mdi e6 bude phat trién mhanh chéng vé s6 Itong nha cung img dich vu va khdel hang dang ky sit dung, Theo s ligu théng ké cita NHNN (2019), tinh dén cudi thang 10/2019, ca nude c6 32 dng ty durae NHNN clip gidy phép hoat dng cung img dich vy trung gian thanh ton, trong d6 cé 29 c6ng ty durge phép cung cp dich vu vi dign tit. Cie cng ty déu dap img yéu edu cia NHNN va duge cip gidy phép, nhigu cong ty dat cée chimg chi bao mat quéc té, tuy nhién, cting 6 nhimg céng ty khng ¢6 thong tin (Bang 3), Mac da, tai Vigt Nam, c6 nhigu cong ty cung cap dich vy trung gian ti chinh, dic bigt la vi dign ttt, tuy nbién, trén 94% thi phan nim trong tay 5 c6ng ty véi cdc vi a ae nae WR Setlaned aes eet (8%), Moca (7%), AirPay (6%) ZaloPay (6%) (Asia Plus Inc, 2019). Tin di dng véi he théng cic diém giao dich trude day durge cip bai Cong ty CO phan vu di déng true tuyén (céng ty cung cp vi dign ti: MoMo) nhumg tir khi Thong tur 23/2019 TI-NHNN 6 higu lye, Cong ty nay chi cung cp méi ede tai khodn vi dign ti, 4.2. De diém khach hang ‘TY Ig ngudi sir dyng dign thoai thong minh Ty Ig ngudi dan sir dung dign thoai thong minh ting qua cic nim va d& dat mite 35,67% nam 2019 va khong nging ting len (Hinh 2), Ty Ig ngudi ding DTDD cao s8 fi co hoi tt dé vi dign tr, tién di dong ngay cing phat trién tai Vigt Nam. Trén thue t, tinh dén 31/12/2018, s6 vi dign tirduge més Viét Nam da lén dén hang chye trigu, trong d6 c6 khoang 4,2 trigu vi dign tit két néi tai khoan ngan hang (Nguyén Nha, 2020), Nhu vay, mot khi tién di déng duge thi 6 hang trigu tai khoan 66 n ddi hodie két ndi véi ti Khon ngin hing hoge inh danh qua co $6 dit ligu thué bao di Ong va nhiéu trigu tai khoan dign thoai khic 06 thé thye hign céic giao dich ma cdc nha mang cung img dich vu trung gian thanh toan phat hanh, Kinh nghigm sit dung dich vy va chi phi sir dung Khdch hang da quen dan voi thanh ton khéng ding tién mat, tudi, khi trién khai dich vy dé ¢6 thé c6 higu qua nhu mong doi. ‘Ngoai théi quen than todn ding tién mat thi hoe vin thap, kY ning sit dung céng nghé con nhieu han ché la m@t diém can hau ¥ khi trién khai dich vy; (2) Chui trong tinh lan toa, anh hudng cong dong, tinh két néi khi trién Khai di vy. Momo a lim rat t5t vige nay dé c6 thé tang long nguéi ding nhw hign tai (Momo, 2020); (3) Vi Khich hang c6 nhimg dec trmg ving mign nhur d& a ep nén khi trign khai dich vy, cin tp hudn theo dang “cim tay chi vige” dé huéng dan ho sit dung dich vy va cée tign fch khi sit dung dich vy. Ben canh vige tip hun, can phat trién cée kénh thong tin gidi thigu vé dich vy ma ngudi dan thuing tiép can nhw tivi, radio, té rot (mau sac dep, hinh anh don gidn) dé giai thigu dich vy va hudng din sir dung dich vys va (4) Trong giai oan thir nghiém, o6 thé mién phi sit dung dich vu dé khuyén khich hah hang lim quen véi vige sit dung dich vu. Tine hai, tir g6e 4 nguoi cung cap dich vu, can quan tim dic biet dén cc quy dinh bao mat va dinh danh khéch hang vi day dang 1a hai van dé khién khdch hang € ngai khi sit dung dich vy cing nhur dang cé diém thap nhat trong danh gid cia GSMA. Ben canh dé, cde nha cung cap dich vy sé thudn loi hon néu sit dung phan mém than thign v6 ngudi ding va kém véi vide cung cap dich vy la vige nang cao kY ning sir dung CNTT va ning cao hieu biét tdi chinh cita kkhich hing (4é hg c6 thé hiéu duge ngén ngit ky thugt durge sit dung trong phn mém dich vy tién oa ail Thie ba, tir g6c 46 ngudi quan IY, NHNN dya trén sir am hiéu ciia minh vé an toan hé théng, vé mye tidu thie dy tai chinh toan dign sé tham muu dé can bing gitta bio ve khach hang va dinh danh dé ngudi sir dung dich vy, dae bigt la ngudi chia c6 tii khodin 6 thé tiép cn dich vw . V8 dinh danh, c6 ‘thé hoc hdi kinh nghiém cde nude trong vige tng hgp, ligt ké danh sich cfc loai gidy tty pho bién c6 thé sir dung dé dinh danh va trao quyén tham dinh tinh chan thue trong thong tin cia khich hang hi dang ky mé tai khoan tign di dong. Tuy mhién, 48 dam bao an toan edn ec nhiing quy dinh chat ché vé tréch nhigm, quyén Igi cia cae dai IY, eta nha cung cp dich vu vién thong va cde quy dinh vé sy phdi hgp gitta cc bén lign quan. ‘Neoai ra, dinh danh khach hang con li van dé rit quan trong vi vige djnh danh ey thé khach hang khang chi c6 ¥ nghia véi t6 ehite ccung img djch vu thanb toan dign ‘tir ma cén la yéu elu bit bude cia nha nude, nim xée minh tinh hop phap efia ngudn tién, chong rifa tién, cing nhur ching vige stt dung nguén tién vao cée giao dich bat hop phap nhu héi 16, tai tro ti pham, ti try khiing bé,... (Luong Le Minh, 2019). Vé bao vé khéch hang, khi gan hang thi phai co ede quy inh chat ch cho ede bén lién ‘quan dé dim bio an toan hg théng vva bio vé khaich hang, dc bigt a cde diéu khoan lién quan dén bio hiém tien gui. 5.2. Han ché cia nghién ctu ‘va huéng nghién ciru tiép theo ‘Nehign ciru mdi chi méi sirdung dir Tigu thir ep. K&t qua phan tich sé c6 nhiéu théng tin hon khi sir ig dir ligu sor cp, Bén canh do, con nhig nhan té lién quan ma bai viét niy chua dé cap nhu ma héa duéng truyén, co ché bao ‘mat, m6 hinh kinh doanh tién di déng,... cling cin duge tim hiéu trong nghién ctu sau dé gép phan thie day tai chinh todn dign, qua 46 g6p phan thyc hign cde mye tigu thin nién ky (Sustainable Development Goals) ma Viet Nam cam két nhur khong nghéo, khéng d6i, tiép can y 18, gido due va giam bit binh ding thu nhap (mue tiéu 1, 2,3, 4,5, 10) ‘TALLIEUTHAM KHAO: Abiona, 0, & Koppensteiner, M. F (2020). Financial Inclusion, shocks, and Poverty: Evidence from the Expansion ‘of mobile money in Tanzania. Journal of Human Resources, 1018-9796R Alliance for Financial Inclusion. (2019), Finfech for Financial Inclusion, Alliance ‘Ammar,A.&Ahmed,E.M.(2016). Factors influencing Sudanese microfinance Intention "to adopt mobile banking. 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