Pseudocolumn

🗒 Also known as false column

It is a column which is present in a database in a database for

every table.

If we want it, we need to invoke it

Types of pseudocolumn
1. RowID

2. RowNum

Row ID
It is a pseudocolumn which is present in a database for every table.

characteristics of Row ID
It is a unique

It is not null

It is a combination of unique and not null

RowId can act as primary key not as foreign key

RowId is generated at the time of creation of table or Insertion of data

Row id is static in nature

RowNum
It is a preudocolumn which is present in a database for every table

Characteristics of RowNum
Row num is a number or integer

Row num always starts with 1

Row num is generated at the time of execution

Pseudocolumn 1
 Rownum is dynamic in nature.

write a query to display top 5 rows of employee table

select rownum,emp.*
from emp
where rownum<6;

select rownum,emp.*
from emp
where rownum between 1 and 5;

select rownum,emp.*
from emp
where rownum<=5;

select rownum,emp.*
from emp
where rownum In(1,2,3,4,5);

write a query to display top 10 rows of emp table

select rownum,emp.*
from emp
where rownum<=10;

write a query to display exactly first row of emp table

select rownum,emp.*
from emp
where rownum=1;

write a query to display exactly 2nd row of emp table

select rownum,emp.*
from emp
where rownum=2;

Pseudocolumn 2
 output is no rows selected (and this is the reson why rownum is dynamic in
nature)

thus we provide alias name for rownum so that it can be treated as normal
column instead of pseudocolumn

but still we get error

select rownum as r1,emp.*

from emp
where r1=2;

hence for that we need to take from clause twice in the query

select *
from (select rownum as r1,emp.*
from emp)
where r1=2;

write a query to display exactly 5th row of emp table

select *
from (select rownum as r1,emp.*
from emp)
where r1=5;

write a query to display exactly 2 4 6 8 10 rows of emp table

select *
from (select rownum as r1,emp.*
from emp)
where r1 in (2,4,6,8,10);

write a query to display bottom 3 rows of emp table

select *
from (select rownum as r1,emp.*
from emp)

Pseudocolumn 3
 where r1 In ( (select max(rownum) from emp),
(select max(rownum) from emp where rownum<(select max(rownum) from emp)),
(select max(rownum) from emp where rownum<((select max(rownum) from emp where rownum<
(select max(rownum) from emp)))));

select *
from (select rownum as r1,emp.*
from emp)
where r1 In ((subqury 1),
(subqury 2),
(subqury 3)
);

Bottom 5 rows of employee table

select *
from (select rownum as r1,emp.*
from emp)
where r1 in ((select max(rownum) from emp),
(select max(rownum) from emp where rownum<(select max(rownum) from emp)),
(select max(rownum) from emp where rownum<((select max(rownum) from emp where rownum<
(select max(rownum) from emp)))),
select max(rownum)from emp where rownum<(
(select max(rownum) from emp where rownum<((select max(rownum) from emp where rownum<
(select max(rownum) from emp))))),);

nth max and nth minimum using psudocolumn (rownum)

sal R1 SAL

2000 1 5000

4000 2 4000

3500 3 3500

4000 4 3000

5000 5 2000

3500

Pseudocolumn 4
 5000 AFTER ORDER BY
3000 That’s how you can find maximum
salary and minimum salary along
with 3rd maximum salary

WAQTD 4TH MAX SALARY

SELECT *
FROM (SELECT ROWNUM R1,SAL FROM (SELECT DISTINCT(SAL) FROM EMP ORDER BY SAL DESC))
WHERE R1=4;

WAQTD 10TH MIN SAL

SELECT *
FROM (SELECT ROWNUM R1,SAL
FROM (SELECT DISTINCT(SAL)
FROM EMP
ORDER BY SAL ASC))
WHERE R1=10;

WAQTD 2ND MAX 4TH MAX 6,8,10

SELECT *
FROM (SELECT ROWNUM R1,SAL
FROM (SELECT DISTINCT(SAL)
FROM EMP
ORDER BY SAL ASC))
WHERE R1 IN (2,4,6,8,10);

WAQTD 5TH MAX AND 6TH MIN SAL

SELECT *
FROM (SELECT ROWNUM R1,SAL
FROM (SELECT DISTINCT(SAL)
FROM EMP
ORDER BY SAL ASC)),(SELECT ROWNUM R2,SAL
FROM (SELECT DISTINCT(SAL)
FROM EMP
ORDER BY SAL DESC)
)
WHERE R1=5 AND R2=6;

Pseudocolumn 5
Pseudocolumn 6