SuperScalar RISC Processor Sesign | ee we Oe ea PEASE#8 th Bh HE oS iz it What ERS nREL tt8 ew A ASE KE bist (SuperScalar) tJ RB 9 i 2 SNA 9 8 FE TE A RR MRP a ES YA PC BS os PAA EL ES EAR LB SRE TE Re Ae ATR fe EVAL A a EB 2 OAR A ALANA BO AYA AEs Cache (ACHE HCE ABS Cache: A 1 He He DL Ae AL i te AL TY Caches Je A Se 11RD Caches We A048 38 (8) AE RNIB OERe TLS it Cache JA BHC A FO) 1 PERLE: Sb Se NO) — ME IE, AE is ho FO Ae AS Fe} RAL Sa FPA: ARRAY RISC HMC SY TE AE HO I a AE FE RH 8) — AR IML FO, A EDA Ee CLE J SD MO 4 85 A HO AE IE EA SR HE SE AE CDispateh LIE BF Clssuc) Az MY AL RRA OR 2A, a LA 9 ME oo OF OR) AE AC Pe, Cluster YL UO) Load/Store ait 2 (628 45 i ABE Fak + ARIE FE (FRO) MS A 5 09 SB i PR HAE MBL AE es NIY Alpha 21264 Ob AM aR SEAR. Ce AR Sh OJ Me RE te EA a FE Fe EL AL A UB AT ASST TTA Sic Fe HAL Ae Me A AC LO APHGUA EAA ADORE RBS RAE MLA BIL, BALAI. 010-62782989 19701121933 FRB ENA (CIP ‘a sk Oh U/W ake eH AC EAH AEA. 2014 ISBN 978-7-302. 347071 1. Dit. Dit Ul. Database — aR HW. DTPSH2 HTN AS TEL A5 HF CLP MAB C2013) 292376 EMM KE A Hm. XH REM. OT EMBL, FELM RESET RACE th HE, FE fits butps//www. tup. com. ene http://www. wabook. com Sh ks ACHE ROA A BH, Lo008A 4B ML, 01062770175 #6 WW, 010-62 786544 service@tup, tsinghua. edu, en SRAM, 010-62776969. Ke RH. 010-62772015. rhiliang@tup. tsinghua. edu en A #. Ioemsenei- 2 he SHE BR Fa: 185mm X 260mm HK. 24,25 Fh 588 TE We We, DOLE AL He Mes BON AE A HBL ORE Ft: 1~2000 Bh: 19.078 Praha: 0BRA SL FA SL A DA SE TT OG AR SY A Sb OW BR ME CRIS) ASL RHE SE CCTSC) 33 Bi AH CISC ff BAL Ack BB BD a A: Sk Sch FG BE SE OR PE — RAB NTE ARS YEAH ELAR FIST 0d SB A PE A PT WB AREF A BB GOR IL A Sa BB BL -2 O TD S HHE «F f R S BE B AS Fe (ORAL AB RISC BLAAE Ty MEF — PREM, 80% HAY CISC HH & FA He 20% Ase Tal HE FA Bc PPT BA AE 28 6 AFD 20.% (19 CISC 44-4 fF EO SB, A Ae 806 HOHE Td FAVA A ASL ABL, aH AT TY le HE BSR 5 DENS 5 Oy TE Ft 2k BR, ANA CISC 444 HB FF FS HY IE MT LE te RISC HHS RIT HAR AY A Hs» EAR RISC 444 HK BE MBE 32 fhe, ROPE AT VA Be AG AES FD HE DE 5 Sh hE AK RAO RT HE BE ABE RISC 45 9 Wb BRB A EE GS HH Pa] hy a AC AT BEAT» AR AT BEAR OT eR — AE SS EG BE HS TEA SE AG WB eT FE SLA OT AS AO A ATT ths AR SES i 5 S84 69 a FA cb BB WA Sc BL DSO AR SY LA 8 bt (scalar) il RB OR Aik (supersca- ear) 33 at cb A AY Bk MEAT — AHS 4 — RB a a HATED 5X RZ ME DAG Cin-order) 5 XM AK M29 T feb BE AE HE AE 9 He RS FE RT Tg a BRE SRE EAE I CE — PI AT eg 5 Ak PET a — BR A HH SPE ELAS HP I He HB MO AA 8 TAS SO OU, EE SA DR AE CAB ME (BF TS ERED VA BEBE 5 aX BY Or SBE Bs OY AL FF BUT (out-of-order) , 448 ALFF IAT tbh A A 8 ER FF AK 9 «Rb SR GG BE ae A LPT 0) 488 A V5 AR He Fh BY Lh ARS «eR ch RB BK He Dy A PE RET Ce 8) SL AR ABT HR a GEE A a HERE TL AT AE HY AR EB 9 3 I 4} (CISC I RISC, VA HK scalar #l superscalar) J HH. TE 3€ fy » ths RIE BB ATT AAs DPS Gh 4 i DU AP A Ep Sch A BY HAE 3D SP TP & Scalar CSC; 33 Jab sth AB ARTE Wh 610 wt i RFD A Sa Hy 3k AH — ARR Ze LHe ME CISC HUE FT ED «BES WT AR (FD tA 2 SL 9 BI FBLA Intel (#9 8086 80286 F AE ELBE 6 CAVED RIT SG BD» BL Ta] HE a HK TT © Scalar RISC, 3 JE RISC se: LAE HI HM 4 BE ONY AER HH 92H HI RISC 49 & Se AT BA DG RS LAME cA RB, LG 2 DF SBE PERE «Ee 19 Fe A — AR BERG IE LMA AHAB AE RISC ba HB (49 B-FBLAL MIPS R2000 #1 R300, Alpha 21064 #1 ARM? 4 x44) RISC Ah BE SRSA HT BN TB CR AE ER OY Er 5 HA AOR IR A FAT Aho HY, Bi ON MIPS fH) 4K 5) Hh BE AE. ARM ff Cortex M Ail Cortex R # FilI Mae Je LE & Superscalar RISC: Al-#t Xf 2b SRE (9 HE A 1 ORR aR «ETAL I A — Sed Bh AEE AAR REI BEAR TPR te RISC Wb S8 a fe FT EJ DA AT & Aa AY HAAN AT AE 2 PTFE BEAE RISC Sb AE HOE? GX JE BAY RISC 48 48 HR NL (FAA TB Ae SE TT LPI A) RISC deh 3 a > TF RPE EEO 1 Be ‘BK CESK a) BE RSIC Mh BLA RFE eA Ae Hs RAE HE « AE Ta a A #8) FIMO EH RISC Sb BRS AB AR HL TG BPAY, A AM MIPS R10000, Alpha 21264 Hil PowerPC 620 4th SR » BU {dE 3) TB AE 5 HH A A GPE fF IR» RR he JAS RL bE EA A , fA MU MIPS 74K % Fi) NEHA ARM Cortex AQ fil A15 Ab SE BEA + FRA CISC 4 & SE SEAR BE 5 ACF hh Re Se EA He AL bp EAH (AR Intel A AMD 3% Hf — BE Oe 1s He fF a BA A fe CISC Seb LAE 03 48 FT A EYL WADIA Be HG FL RF Sa BS BK ET SALES 14s JE A A BB FL BE» 85 — Ae CISC 48 2 46 1 & A RISC 44% 3K PERL AT LL 5C 5} ALF RISC 494 5 HOR T YS 5X He ES AY RISC Wh AE BE AT A AH WE BE Wk BN PEt, Ze Ah A 5 SN OY OF a IE HAR Intel 68) 4 HF Mh HAR A Pentium 4,Pentium M,Core #l Core2 4b 28. SG BEE ADE ESB BY Sad SH 0 Ah BBR Ak Be PO ha SR AT SE AAS BR HM AAG LW EAT 08 EFF OD» aE FB Fr A) EADS Feb HE A NN He AH PT HE A A SS #6 LRM 4 MSAD Superscalar RISC Ah FH BRAY BLT AE A AS HBL GEE A AF TOR See 28 OS AK 2 J SAS HB) ER 5 — RHR RE II HH Ds» BE BL PR AG A BE 5 HR A SAR I EB A AR AS «AS TS TE J SR A HS FEAT AB RE Le AE Sp 2H AL 8 Lb 0) — EE TA. Of 2 HIF RAVER Cache, 3 SE th F— MASI SABAL IA F-Cache "SM RIFE BMAP 0) » PA Hi AK ER hh F T-Cache, 498, FEE IHRE th FE FE D-Cache , Eth 2s Hk — HERE TT DEAR . FB WAS HIE Cache Si Je J 88 (9 Bi FEC BE 8) 5 IA a aR 5 I WW BUT & ARS HY Cache BEEF T — Se EAR. OS 3 HEB Sp OR se HUFF AE Virtual Memory) , Ply Mb BE BB CE WH Sf ONT 5 HN FAK PY FE ANE ADL A 5 US Za A BEA Ay SL 5 Yk A” ARE SC Td ha SADLY » MB AOL AEB JEL RARE AR BIE OW LE BE Re ATE «AT VL 1S ME AOE fF AE Ee He A SH 8 4 HE ABE SP 5b BA (Branch Prediction) Ez th Je Hed © Br Bk 22 HY EHF IS Dy ‘pi Lk 3B 1 AK ER BERR 5 SPAY SEH 0 SP A we DOE FB] AT 4), — BB SiR AA BALA ABE Be RP A Se BE A BE AT 9 HE ROPE RRR TS JME AB DAT RRS LIE as BEL Se HBG A TH IHS «MA iG PEC & Br BL BR WT WA He HT ANE 4} HS 9S 5 ie ABE UEREH © SR HK AR CISA) — FLAS AFF GE a OE Des Fe ENTE T «AR A] ES 48 MG BEA TR DS AS BH SA HE SP Superscalar ClARAY RISC 48 & GEEFT StH BCP OE Ft SE AK AR AO A. DS 6 REE RSA SEH (Decode) ib 4F T Sh 2 « HE HE Bic Mb IE BE of « Hy PA TION FG BES ee FRET AEBS Be a] A — Sa 9 He HS A HB ASR VL Be HY Sob LS AL GS eb A Ek Be — ae (EJ AT HF HE AY CSC. Ah BE BE iC HR a PE WN J Hee] PLAY, 7 EAE} A TE BO BF FF BB HE he % (Register Renaming) 4% 22.4 6 #3 ZG» BAT UA A BE 09 OR OS FF 8 A AE ET IE TS SE TATA GE BRAS DBL EE PE AAS BL APY ATT SE RE AAT HE A AGB HL I OY a FAST BP FEB HT UAT Bie i Be ALG HE 4 PJ Ph A FD TCE oP EY AP PERE PRS PSE AS 6 MTA ORE Tae AY OF FB i a 2 RA «PR Se 8 hy As Ha RNS 3) AS TG AGA HBG Ud FA AL A A SHE» BT I HE HG DSPT DUT. 8 HERS S 9 RA Ussue) , GHG SMe et BF FF AE MH i BZ Jes LT VA Eh 5 BS M7 CPU) PAT TLR iy TIA RG A» EL Hk Ab PL AT BOAT SK, PURE — FRA HBR PE UE GET BI MEE ZB 0 BA Ta PU S45 » BR Ay SR VSR A RE A FA A 5 BAT AR WR TT AE BY BE TER FH Ie BGK NH OY EAT AL AE AB HL AB So HB] — PE EP ETRE BAB Issue Queue) , FESth HEM 8 RAH SIE HE ME aE TE BE RE BY FR STB 28 HE SE SHR A a A SKB) PU DAT ak Pa a Hy BIS ABS BY TAT BT ER ARIE AL RAAT TPES PE BR ZT CE WUT. O89 REE AT ARS TEN TE DUT ASRS De AB EEA FU Pe $5 ARTA PR ANS Se EA Ud PU, a AB ABS SPU ETT UDA A TA 4 AR HER T St Tb A PEL) FU 29h 8 Se Sp 9 Bt PD oh ( Bypassing Network) , EB] PL 48 5 41 X48 & Z 0 4 AT BY IEF, (EL A ak AB 0 is EF Sa Ae PAL BAG 9 — Me ab SB BE FLT Cluster 245 Hy 6 2 ff AJ» VY 0 Td load/store 4 & th 5 BE — 2645 AR OY Dy tk IEE 1 AAT IE SPS 10 BEBE Sp AH Bie AR ER A Hikes — PT BR: HEE (Commit) 4 SALE FU MAT HEB) BRIE EAR Ze Th Ae MEAD 24S tb AR SUE FEA BH HP a SA, FERRE EN oH 5} HM FEM Cmiis-prediction) AIF H (exception) IRB, — Fete 4 HY Hi SEA AE TE WH 0 5 TEL 5 TPR A A EE — PE 6 GFE HS 45 PR oD 0) RES ea PA Od a A RAS HEAT EBT aT SE BLK PME — FRA STE FU PRAT oc HP Te» EAB eB et A AR ASE TT A « THT FE EE BY SH SR SB] — Rh a FFB HE FF FF (Reorder Buffer ROB) 4 itt 28 BY 8 FF BE Hi fy BBE 5 05 AH SB EL eae RU FH a US 2) T ROB), 4 — 4d @ TE FU PGT 5G BEAT DLE PIR B) ROB Xf 17 AA Sth 7» ROB "R19 IB HG RH ILS) A BUI HE LAE TE SY ee WU AE TRAN OL HY HF 5 CEH AT VAS FF ROB, (is FS LE 06) S05 SR AB AR aS NH BIB HK (retire) ,— AGB Sit TK TARAS EA fe A HTN Mee sheeeeigit 11 HE Sp AT BAS At HE AY —4 Superscalar RISC b## 28: Alpha 21264 Yb BE, EE Ab LR Be WE eb — aR a 2 PAF HBS Alpha 2 5b 88 Bl AEE: IK HR DEC ZS) AH THER Sj Se Se «MEL MR ZB A Se ER, AREY Alpha 21264 2b 3 ae EAT T VRAIN SPH. HFA AS DE Ba BY A FE HE AE AP PBR SE PT DR a AT EMEAT RA WE. FEASTS BY SiS BL PED id BS BT HET TF th A) BA CR 5 PD Ae As A ARIE. EAS TSB GLE PY 8 Te AC BS AREA BA mY ey Bt Fl A A AB PH BR AS EE EL Ce at PE FAG, 2014 4F 1 A Fab atSi BPA ERE 2H Cache 21 BI ME Patt & He wa Hit Mi AE KR 1.2.1 Bi Soe 1.2.2 Bitz ER AY RI ab: 1.2.3 fe STR A HE: HE Hk Sch 3 OY he 1.3.1 URE 1.3.2 ALP Cache HY —-ARIRIT + 21.1 Cache MAURAR + 2.1.2 Cache GA - 2.1.3 Cache AY APSR SER HEH Cache AY HERE 2.2.1 Gm 2.2.2 BoB 2.2.3 SRE - 2.2.4 Victim Cache - 2.2.5 Me #3441 Cache 2.3.1 True Multi-port - 2.3.2 Multiple Cache Copies 2.3.3 Multi-banking « 2.3.4 KSHV BF; AMD Opteron fi) 438 FH Cache « “Fit Ah RB IHVio eR RIT HAE 41 4.2 eSB 3.2.1 PRR + 3.2.2 SRW - 3.2.3 Page Fault 3.2.4 ANE BUF RD MMA TLB Ml Cache + 3.4.1 TLB MIT » 3.4.2 Cache WRIT ~ 3.4.3 Hf TLB Al Cache aA ti KR SRAM SHR 77 a 4.2.1 REF PR AAU AE SORE 8 oh 4.2.2 HOF BB i se 09 Sb 4.2.3 MPA ek 4 113 4,2, 4.2.5 DRS A eH 4.3.1 TORE BE REIS AY 09 5 BL 4.3.2 (AL PEBERE IS A HY 3} XY 4.3.3 hb 133 BY KFA KM RIL 134 1 ba Hk hE ES 141 HORAK BAAS AU MES HE v 146 WNT ORR -~ 5.2.1 MIPS 484d 5.2.2 ARM #44 Load/Store #4 - 5.3.1 Load #4 5.3.2 Store #4 1555.5 PRIS 5.6 ARS 5.7 FRA on BOR OMB 6.1 HORE 6.2 ARTE 6.3 HRT 78 FEBESZ- 74 5.4.6 RES 6.3.1 Spd A he 6.3.2 Fe RIM / Rees > HM 6.3.3 A/a EH OH 6.3.4 LDM/STM #4 i)ab 6.3.5 Re PRAATHES AY KER GR ER th A HTT 7.2.1 fi ROB ETRE HA - 7.2.2 HARFP RUTHER MS ~ 7.2.3 (A —H) PRE DET AE te ~ Hi fir % BM Be 7.3.1 AEF SRAM ti) Hig BU Ze 7.3.2 MEF CAM (Bt % BR - HE fa Hi Ach SB AE a 7.4.1 RB RAW HIS HE 7.4.2 RR WAW HIGHE APE a8 tn % ot RRL 7.5.1 (iJ Checkpoint {8H WALK - {MH Architecture State 8.1.1 BERR VS Jp aie 8.1.2 MCRAE VS ae cde ae 8.1.3 TEM VS 4B FEAR BEL PEAY TAKEVi BARRIER RIT 8.3 84 8 10 10,1 10.2 10.3 8.2.1 RRR SE A HAY ME AK + 238 8.2, 2 HR AA 2H A Ht KAR» + 243, are + 24d fea : + 246 8.4.1 L-of-M AY PAR + 246 N-of-M fi ABR HB + 251 + 254 A A ye 254 2 JAW & BY EA + 256 ‘HERA We “+ 261 275 ER FU fy 28 9.2.1 ALU - 2 AGU 3 BRU 4 Set FU aR 9.3.1 FATT AY Bl dg - + 288 9.3.2 RL ARWLHT AVR RES 292 SERCH - + 296 Cluster 9.5.1 Cluster 1Q + 9.5.2 Cluster Bypass. - ARS IE 9.6.1 Memory Disambiguation - 9.6.2 aRBAaE Cache 9.6.3 REE HEE. 9.6.4 HERIIF th HE + 306 312 318 319 ROR THEE RE 10.2.1 —ARSHTD 10. 2.2 SHE EAR A ah BF AAR AS 10.3.1 MEF ROB SEH SSE HX AAR AS 10, 3. 2 REAL Wy SLAF FF Re AT AS SE YAR AS -Se Wl 11.2 11.3 id 11.5 W7 11.8 Sexrit- ERATE OE 1) A LO. 4. 1 Sp SC FOL Hf ab SF BY Ab Hf 5G BY Ab Store 4 4 ff) Mh AS TAR OR ARH AW HF: Alpha 21264 Sh38 se BEB HGS AE HL 11.2.1 Tine/way #8 11.2.2 SP TE Le eM BAT HE 2 RR CH TE eA aE HY TA 11.6.1 Speculative Disambiguation 11.6.2 Ga Load hit/miss Prediction IEAB bp cb 1.1 ATARRRiS tn fal HAE — FEAT A tee EE LR AE FB AO TE Fe DAT fal A 1.1 Ba. Cycles Seconds —“Tnstructions — Cycle (ae) Cum) Come) PALL pst — 7h EI 28S Sb Ti AY CF OT A HH A oT FF OY 47 Bf] , BD Total Instructions, Cycles/Instructions #1 Seconds/Cycle, 3¢'F, Total Instructions 487% #E FF S38 5 BE th 45 19 HET EC Cycles/Instructions $8 AAT HE AAG © De BE BY Fe] WC. fl Pk IY CPI(Cycles Per Instruction) ,Seconds/Cycle ¢ x 43 51 39) i BE AIAN (el). Mh aL ik = + HET A A a, BE Pak SL RED T RFF A) OE «TP RB A SRE AL 1) RD BEAR PH SHOE XP HR BE FEAR TBE FG AT. HE DEBE BT Sd PRY SUPA: AR BE BRAC AG A AE FE IAB SMR BS Se PE Be PR BI ME A HR BA HE BG BE Re MEH A HEE LI A «BSF RB A SE BT DR a © 0 St PALO x86 HG AR of BS Be MR HBG A EZ eR D2 7 — EH BE SEL a fy SH BE, A Se OB Ms eS TP i SE aT. 2) AD Fak et LE AE Hf AF GE I St, Ee D> CPT tH a IPCCInstructions Per Cycle) , 364? «CPI #1 IPC 32 1 75 8) 8 09. WA 44 BR PT A AE Hh ae .CPT 4 Fi BRE DT — SRA AG BE AY JD SEE TT LPC. Pe as ba AE — 4+ JT DA a APB. YAP A HE AA 2 BY Ab BG BE Se A IN EA — HR «TS Bh Kh Total Instructions x2 RIE RTE 2 + A AAT — AR ARS AE IPC Bt EE 1 SEA JI A Se > Bis SUT Hw Ht (Superscalar) MeSH AE. ft} Ei bik Hit Mb SE AO 2 fh PL A aR bh SL BB AS JY BT VASAT AP — A HE ET AC BEY UPC 9 (EE 4 PR HE AS I FR OIAR SP AE — ae a SB A A ih Ze VLIW JI TAFT BF — AR YS 5 LIE A i He JB A A « hR ‘ath 4F SIMU A LAY (Miicroarchitecture) «& FLAW 7 ALI EY HE RE. AB HE SE EE AVA 2 AE ba Ab (3) Wl A> seb SL RE OAL TINS TA] Cycle time) 5 — $i 38 2G Hz HY seh A «EB J I i] — FE HE Ge tb SE RB BE Ay 9 OE A A GB UE «a 2 BTL SEP BY Bit AA ER De a > ab A NTA i]s Bh ELT HP oe AY EDA Tt “HLF A FAP AD i 2 ob GD Jd STi) 5 as Sh 5 AG — FS BE A AD EB JT 24 HE 90m (ET. 2. FAME) 1G Hz UK AIA IE.) T Som ABET. ZO. BEAT LL ARES 5h Bs BB) KA Ba IE «TB aE A Od eH EF hE A AEA TT 16 BO HE SA RG HE 8) BRE OP ACA ET) ET A PMDUT EG BE BAR AT HC BEA A IPC, BA Be WE PR 1 ies FF BLE ALD PE DE Ba HD DS Fe A 29 HT A EAR. WEY IPC BER ak AS GT ES HE PR HP BL SSE ABE 2s GALE Fe» SP SBA a 8) ARM I OTF 5 ABT AB A809 JL SUE EF 3 ASB) HB EB HP ER 8 OY A aS WES 9 BE AK Re AS A JD ST) EL SS BRM A: WUC EAL, Bi On Sh 3 HHL FE He Cmis-prediction) Af HE AMY MEL (penalty), ™ Ht He MEAG Tak BARA TPC, SPST DE » WC TG SSA HE” 8 IR, — 4 EH 1 IF BEE Intel fH) Pentium 4 AI Ue AE Al Pentium 3 AHR. Pentium 4 FR Fil Ab HE BE HM AT MEE ew SE Hw A F Se iit RATE, SF BCT FF SE LF . Pentium 4 ab BE a8 9 447 MK SF Pentium [ll A 9 Ah aa. FET ZIRE BY AB A AS eb BR PA BA BE HE UPC FA St AUR EE I EF 9 EA» J TARE GPC Ae 5 Hb LSE, 4 FAL AY BAYA I-Cache "36 tH mm Adi © 25 Bb FM 8 A Ml AK Be Ab RD AT LA DAT mn AAS KP way AY A i Hah ab BA a Bh AK ABAD TRA WR BD 2 «AS EE J PT I J AG a HT, FC — Ph HE JUIN AT VA AAE Be F — Set Sf deb A A A i at Wb BK — BE HS Very Long Instruction Word « VLIW) tte J — i 488] 1 FI LAD AF Be edit 0 Ab SE A HD» (EL J BBD ARE BE AS TE AY «aH Sh a J TA Sp De EB HG AT AT RAT VLIW Sch 328 SY FE AR a A i BE HG LAE AT AT ‘BB RABE, RL i HAR A SA 8 «FAT LS BP BY 9 A 4 eA SO ‘RE 5 Ti AR FF 5 AF A Ad Se BA Ay SF eb Ts LA REE TAG VLIW fab 38 35 WU FG Bs Kc BI + HE» LD wa FE She AB AR Be a BE Ae BAF MOL «A ab A AD eA OP « A He ee — 0S PA a DKA — He EN » fill DSP Ab HAE TE Ak A iB a HR EBT A AI AB TPC Bd 0 a 9 GO ck1 MANE RRLKE 3 RAY SE 2 AD (ELAR HR a fh 0 its «A — i BE AY BE ARE MU) 5 AL NE A is BL A De as OR A 4 BP ADT A Ctradeoff) , fai amt Sz BL — AP HFT BS SS HB SH as BE A 9 BE EO Se BE TH HE — AF I AG MT AY SK ‘ERIM BO AS OG te — 4 FL 20 FL BY «FS Za a FP GE A ew Wadi © OPE be ae AY HE HE BE FE. FPA a load/store 44> Mn RHE AE 56 ALIFE HY Ie DL 47 RIK 2 AG RK AY IPC, HF BE load/store $4 Z fi] AY HK HE EAE AE BD A FL BE BHT SEE A) « GE SE 2 9 SL Hl ST SE AR AEP Ab SALAS 1 CRE AEE 9 I HE 4 4. Bi} Checkpoint HY “> ec AB FAY THT BL BE AE BA 3) Cissue queue) BY 736A RR (select) + Bit HY SE 2 SE 5 45 JA INT UA Ta] NS AF 89 4 & 4 Be Cisse width) Al @F 4F BS Cregister file) Ait C1 RCSF BEAR FE EI 9 HE AE OR AG BEE Ee BR ME EE BE 5 AE TE BY AS A» PSS EE eh EA I A as A AB HT PO ApS PAG He RE Hak Sk RS 5 A a fl A PA) — AR hn RH Ach I BL As — He ZT ESL Uy DE A I BEAL AG SB BB 9 1 FAN HA A Iya Aa LV) HR AR TT PC Sa Ske HL RB ie BE 9 OSE BT A AG A A SS — A «Ty Sc kn Ys EHR, MUA BE RE — a 1 ETT BF 5 Se AB 9 Ss BE 4 SE AB BI A eB AIK ThE. 1.2 SSehBssoy AKA 1.2.1 trea Ee HES ‘Bt 7A SJ LR Ach 2 BAA A A BBE HAS ie «SSL ACR WOR ab FR Coycle time) » SA TT BE AE HE SHS BAT SHAK MOP 1. 2 Hit Nstage os in Mecine i (2) | G i et | ieee eae eet sage v 2 ” RL. 2 Fk 2 J 2 dob BB SE A EF 7K UE 9 PS DD RA LN 1/Ds PET on SHE ARZTL MH ENE fl] WE TD /n +S” SEH S ei iit AK ER A FB ON HEB A BE ARR ZN BL AE "1 / CD /m +S)” 5 HfL st sch A BLA «deb BD A HAG CE BE PE USE ML FEA Ab A BL AS aA EM BE — BD 8 EB EF BE SL ARR AOS HE RIE Performance = 1/(D/n+ S) UIE 5 ED At AK Ze» a a a BE tn ATE AE AP 1. 3 AR.RAT Nstage Pipeline 1 Hae P13 OH eo Rs «RO ME, 24 Ab SB OE AL AF Dh AER, EE 09 FT BU Gs SA Ton SR AK RZ A PENI BEE AT LL Ae "GX LSE LRA EA EK ER AF FF BE DT A BH ET A FEY BE AE TBR SCE EI A, Be tt A RZ» A RSS BE BLT Ld 8 A Cost = G+nXL YF ab AB EK. 4 HK AFH Cost/Performance J& HT fe 4 Ay. tH BE AE Be 1 FF PF AY HE AE «TY FE BE Ba AN AR «GT SR de A Cost/Performance = (G+ L)/A/(D/n+$)) (G+nXL) X (D/n+8) = GD/n+SL Xn+LD+GS ESR HG a8 ARIMA Bh A BR INE 9 BP TTB, Le a8 ik AK ER BF FA TE TR. D8 8 AS A tii 7k SI BH BE SEBS SAR aS DH AK 2S HE AF A BERS. E GVDL ANS A — FE AY TL BER — 7 Ai AY HK RBA nr, HE Cost/Performance #19 Hk MA. i RE W b CAT AE Cost/Performance fh) 26i5 JE SLAY HY “a+ a/c” 3 7 AM EA HR OP 14 BEA CostPerformance o a PALA tale BO MER RX A HE AG A TF TA A VT DE HOR SPB ea AE TF 4 (Dy gt xn +LD+68\= sp —-P +4040 2 n,, an\ nm rg 5h A FT GDL ALS AB iS TR ET A BTEC ny MR UR — 7 I HL, PES PY oh AMER A Ht HH G AID (8 APL GEL «Ach BS ths AS J Ba A EE — BB SS A Re BH AY HEA IE load, store $44 fy Mh Ib Fy SX A ZEB Ze meh A HE AE GEL, AS TO Seb Ai ARM oP) aE A. 5 A Ab EA TT A EA A A) A TR iE RY, BE PA A 5 ALP A GT) A AAC FD AUN TB A at SRS 2 HB Ab AR — a AERA AY Cost/Performance ffi » TG JE HEE 9 Pass RK BR aE HEAR381 MRM SRA 1.2.2 Bez Bey Rilsy PE SUA DR Bie 7k 2% 09 3) Se BEA AF LA aE CL) eR RE A> BT BD GE TD AB J SUE RAT «LS ‘i St 5 $8) 5 i A dB — A 5 AL SH a Bk ASS ASO BE GE (il ee 8 dc 9-0 I (2) i A 2 HPF BB OR PAB Se HSS A» yb BB OH A AA AB ‘ht AST 0 485 AS A A BO ts A AST) A — ie eS a A ARE ARSE WEATHER 9 AT PA AS is SAS FL HG AS GB VB WE AA Ui (PF BA BE Bt Be ft ABA RE AT LAT C3) HEAR ER BE BT BE SR EA AS kB A AE ALF» PE ESE 9 Ab ‘BP Wa BH > AE A ALR SFE CRRA WAAL HEB I RO PB BRZ TA) AE He Bi SL ARO KFA PS — A AEE AY 5 th RTO OY KH ABVAL BO SE SE «Ti Ak IE BR AY MEE Ss UL AAR WY RY BL ie HY CSC HS HE SL x86, 4 > IRIE AS SH ELBA 0 OE TAS EE BA ARE DBE AK A He Be i A 5D A 48 & SCRISC) Ki, MM MIPS #1 ARM, eh P48 SB 1 EA IE EL A A SBE EO HE HEBEL ME 5 OT LA FE 5 AF Bt 7K ARO SIC BR BT VA SR RISC 48% & RAE BIE A Wit ak RTT FF E19 FBI RISC sth LAE A Bit AK ER OPEL 1. 5 AR), eM! 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Decode & 1 H etieread | Execute | Memory | Write back PALS SR RISC AE BF HE AKER PLL. 5 4 it ACER OE ST BE A A HE ANE 1 A KL CERRARH STM BR MINES WOK BL mM HE ® CHR EL PC AFF BE EL Aa SH A T-Cache “PRI a8 > SEH EO Hei ERE AEA FF «LI I 9 OTR EF REI register file) «8 31H > A A He HLA E&Y SEYFERT AE IF A HO TAR Be 9 AOR EE FF ls S18) Ht eM ili) D-Cache, 58.615 [a Fit E38 A 09 3 & CGE BEE load/store 4 2 8 FEA SH A 5 EP BR 2 CE Write back HR a 0 5 A HS eA BP Fetch Decode & Reptile read Execute Memory PA 1, 5 SRA RYDE AR AR ICR be RE AE £S LK) MIPS Sch RB 2 (FO) » PB a KA BE NAB FAY AY BE BAG HC WR 2) BY SA ak Sch AS FE RS A> A 2 BE ELAR» eT BY) kA tk SR AG A HR: 8)» BL 9 RE A> Bh BE ak BE wD a PA BE AR6 aR RIT QFE 1.6 Bras deos T — AP OT BE AY TE BE Pc} Fo} EM Mw! 1 Tet Toe Tae 15 Tig Fone tins Sms Shs FELL. aic A Re i Bn a i —— A 2543 ch BE AS (LF De RE Seb 0) J I a) YA ae as EAB A OK Se FFE AE HTT A LE T = Tw + Tw + Tex + Tues + Twn = 368 AE (UEFA Bh 7A Rs «FL I aE Fa) YA SE A Be A T = max{ TwTw+Tex+Twem Twn) = 1ns Hey EC IL 5 LE FAT PD 1 6 89d kT ff a IE RR G36 / 11 APG Je TY Ht AK AR 8B 5 > BOP BSE 5 FR 8) OSE TD J 4 AS 8) «BEA IE BE I A BH RG BE ke BR HO 4 DY ER DE ATF 5 5 OS Ps TT LAGE TSR TPE TU 5 Ee AEFI RH PHAR ER Es IE HB Pa BE A Fr 4 A 9 Be aK ER 1.7 Bra. Fetch & Decode _Operand fetch & Execute Memory & Write back P17 AK ER aT AIF JC Ts A DK AR HP AY AF BS (Decode) a 5} BLUE 4 JH 3ns) AULA & (Fetch) Bt Bt Fre MF HEAR Be HF 7+ 3=10ns5 HF DES AF FF AE HE (Regfile Read) MIMAT (Execute) SBSTHE SH Or IF CE — iE RA AK BR HF 8+ = 1s 5 HG HF FF A BE (Memory) AIG (Hl 85-48 8 Write Back) ix BRB St Jt TE — IG RR — AP HEAR BE i FH] LO+3=13ns. SEA ETT TH «ETRE AK LR IA TE 28 Ble BB) TSB 5 A BT A A Vit, He 8 38) af ch 25 (09) JL SOD INE Fn] Je 1 Susy Sk Pr 2 a FD PA BE OR ASG 9 AEE HK A SK ch BE ARM 2S i] HY ARM7,ARM9, LL 3 Cortex-MO M3 cb 0-88 . TT BRAC 69 5 HE He Ab a AB HER BG EY zk FF BLE Ae” 9 Di Hs YS AB HA HO ik a BA 9 TA A Ach SB HR BE. Di sR HE HE ARR BY — Fit BEE aR Ae ABE] 0) BP BE AE FS rH AB Ye KR FA 1.8 SC Te RA AFL TR I AK BEDE TT TDR SD AEP 1. 8 Ra EG DE A OH (Fetch) BY Beg 5} i 1 PB 4 tt AR Bk» 4 4 hE 7 Bk A 3. Sins CPF AB ASB BE 7k eB Wi) 5 5 EIR AF AE BEE (Regfile Read) (ty Mt BLE AY WR T= 4 vit 7K Be 5 A: ih 7k Be Ai 2. 7s 25 Wie 7k 22 9 DLT (Execute) Bt BLE a We T PA it 7K Be. 4-7 iit 7k Be ATE 2. Ss HT Fl FF He21% RRM 7 (Memory) Bt BRR St 1X T =P MLK BE» AEP HE AK BE TAG 3. 3s, AF AR A A (A SE FSD Ta) JS. Sus, RAG RAS We A YD AB A SB ‘BA HL BET 9 Hk 2 eS CHE TE 0 3A a BE Ee DK FR HSE 5 FE BEM 9 is Bs GE Hm, BS HE EP KB ES 5 FA 8 CA D-Cache) A 3 1 CAL ts AG BE BZ SA FD Ae Se ME EU DP AL ST SK A SEE BR BE TES» AB 8) It Se AL SS A hd 29 Tas A TT EL 4 PR Dh AK RRS FP A RE AE AAS, Se SF HAL A WAY HY AEH] Crmis-prediction penalty) J# A 5 MA iii 3 mi Ah BLA SAAT OR AHA 9 HA I AE TD SR STF 2 Intel ff) Pentium 4 Sb FAS LAL — AF) Intel A As SE SLIM HM Te AR OY RE» HL AT A A ‘Re SE RE «ELAR J GB ARTE OS 5 BA Be Sah A 8 BAG BOK CG SC BB FSC A CSB TESA DEM PF HE ie ea Pentium 4 Ae HE ae ee AAT RP 7 “a SUA AE” BA ED SR 1B PRK iBT ROE ‘etch! Fetch2! Decode | OF! OF2 —OF3_ Execute! Execute?! MEM1. MEM2_ MEM3 | WB. Bus BIg Tas 2 Ts2.Sns 2 Sns Bnd TNT Ss Ss P18 AERC AREER SE EL See 5 CE — FE (0 9 BB AN RY Po PA HT A hE HE AE AY. 1. 9 74th T MIPS R3000 Al AMD Se Kb 3 BB AY Bt AAR AT HL 6 AMD AHLAT0V/7 en » fm oe Cee ‘Deache Read OF LRP Deache Read ha = sa ~ os ‘Check Result we \ (a) MIPS R30004b #8 2 ff) (b) AMD AHL470V/7it #9 25 HAR Wi PH1.9 MIPS R300 #1 AMD AHLA70V/7 Bb 8 9 HAAR He8 BRIER RIT MIPS R3000 45 He48 & CLF ) #195 CTD) PA BB AP BE MB OC HET Bh AK ER A TP Bir Be» AR Jes AE BLAKELEY RD Wr Be ew AF #7 BB A AE. HE EX Br BPA T Rie ME MEM Br Be i fi 48 A CE WE Bir Bes Si RS Ie 85 8 BE DA J — 4 LE AY HE AK ARs NE AMD AHLA70V/7 Sct SB BH AC RH 5 ER BB TR EK RH AY TF BP BE TS ARE HEBER TE RCHY OF BY Be RT 01> iii ak Be HEAT CEX) AUER FF 58 FE (OS) BHP Br BE ‘BE BRT DA He A Bk 5 ROPE Ah BR AS EE Re TR A AACR 4 AR IR KAS BBE, MIPS R3000 i 2 BE ]y EA) J) SO eS 5 tL 0 HE RE Dy TT AMID) 3 ok Sb 8 A Fe SAB OES AY 5 RAR HE AAC ER ACPI 5 Ab BS BALI RO A So ASS A 4 EL J A ‘FL A 3 J Ac BB 09 ke Re IE «APY AB HG ED ye 18) iG > J 1.2.3 FR TIRE FE ME EE EAE BS «GG ET EH SA FF EY ATE 5 EI FFP RRR WUE AS ZU FETE = A A EE. CD) 965 7 BECRead After Write, RAW) , tf true dependence, — A 48 & HDR EK WUHAN HH AB TAT ae FF A A KEK BY EL WA: RLS ROHR 48 B: RS = R1+ Ra FELT AUT S TES BAYER PERE RI AFAR S A SATE TL RL EES AHR HK ARS BA AT SRT. (2) Fei (Write After Read, WAR) , tH F639 anti-dependence,— Ji SEH 4 TBISEA AETE REY BARI PATE AE TE Id EM ES LG AE BOF. WO A: RL= 2+ RS WH Bs RET RS + RA ELM ASP ARS A PEAS ERE R2 ZA S BARE AEG ARS BB OF FF RE ORZ HE RP IG 00 FY A SRE JET DU a BY PBEM > BBS SRG I fl OF ET LA (3) 45 AG (Write After Write, WAW) 2% output dependence , MIR A Ati 4 a6 EMG LARS Bl [A] — 4S AP FE RE AB Ze J Hd HS Ss LS TBH OS EZ a AH TSR EE HH A: RL = RO+ RD tH BARI = RS + RA ELMS ARS A AES BABIEAR SB NO AFF AE RI PRS BM HETE A ZIRT A. AYR ID HEHE I TE «SE HE BE SIS SA SBR. EA — BR AY AR HER HE Hl AH KHL (control dependence) ,E Ft F4t L4H & 51 O19 5 FLAG 2G SEH ASR SH RE AB 5 AAT RL SA A SB 9 8 EAT HTP Sp A SG BE — BAT A SG HAS IR «EA 9 DH) ik Be (i Ay He i RHE 4 HE AE Ja OC Se EAT EM ST1S MBER 9 SUPA 1. 10 Fay — BE MIPS fT Se BE SEH 8 CE ae 2 A BU A SE | SE te — BB PEPE PS ETT ABE th BL mul 18, 194 adda 73,0 8 me ee 2 bge | LABELIN8, —r10. addu 10,10, LABLEL FE 1.10) Bes AV (AY MIPS 1 BF WAR.RAW Al WAW 3X = BRAS HE AS (LR A FF BB ZT] BY He RAD 5 SE ZT) AY SR Ht HF FA FF A A SH I a a Ae OE TR ‘SF 2) AD SW AR eA TF A lA CHE jw 1,0(5)—//¢ AEE RE xh TARA MEM cS] dw 2, 0(r6) —— //%f MEME 6 ] 4 FLD AFF BE 2 oh Sh i LE RE AE RA SPB RS EAE Se APE AE SOP EEE AL AE FE BE 6 PAA PS PW ARS ZU FF HE RAW fA CHE. load 48 OG EAR PE BOK LF store $A S558 5 APIS 7 9 AAT SE HE He ABE BR» BEE load /store 4& PF BE AE AY SHE HEE AH RAAT A HES ZPD FE HEH PAR HE EE Ae eB PR eA PT 1 CALAN MITT DEE EN) MIPS R3000 Abe 5 HF 45 AL R REDAT — Ad ELS APE a TS RAIN Bi AB A LESH — BAS a 6 ATT A cl Fk PR OT» IE LA Pk A ZK 2. WAW WAR i BS RAE SE HE EAR 2 SS FA] TT RAWAL SE Yk AE C by pass) (Ty SC Bes iD kt Pa fo Hit Ab BB HE. WAW WAR ffl RAW 3X = BA CHE OB 2 BB OY AL AAT» AG BE ET ACER PE AT RR OY AE 3 EY BE HE JE PE 1.3 RBARRANIB SEA TAKA (FPR, SRR — 1+ doh IT DH 2 — Se HG BB A AT FAD BA He a 485 DET HL IBE «SZ, 3 eh ST A Hk ST AE a ‘pp RAL IE BE A OA De ST VA AR AT HS , MUR FF Cin-order) AL FF AMAT (out-of-order), fil 41.2 RARE TT RTE R12 MUR SUT FOAL A AT PE Frontend Tssue Write back Commit ~~ nv Order Supersealar inorder inorder imorder in-order Out-of-Order Superscalar inorder out-of-order out-of-order in-order10 BAR MANTE RITE TERK Dae Mt Ht Frontend 278 EARP MA & (Fetch) Ail fit 85 (Decode) fit BE +P Ot BARRE CHE Se bt RE A RE) SEAL PAN ATs Issue de a HE A Oak BY OE AY DH HE BE (Funetion Unit, FU) $45 «i HE AT LL Se UAL FF DAT» By FE HH BO Re CE FT BLT DOE ILE F IE hd > NT DAT s Write back 28 ached > O45 ES Bl A AY OF FER OT CE Se SB TAY LL FAL 5 FB HE 4 A AB HE MY HE AF FF AB Architecture Register Files ARF) af) A530 54 16 25 a Hr BB ta (FH 15 4) Sf FRE (Physical Register Filey PRF) Sh TUTE ALF Wy Sh OY el AF FE BRS Commit #8 a — A 4 > Be Fe HE UE Bk Ab BE AE AY AR AS (Architecture state, fill D-Cache 4) «9 7 (iE #8 FF 1 FBO 18 3 PS 18 IAF «IF SC FLY SEE XAT BEG BEML DAT PE AP A RIE Ab Bb Oe «PA TTD AFA) © 8G 1. 2 HY OO 4S Bi Be J a ib A 9 Ok Re HR BR BP 6 Dk CHB SE TMH BE 1.3.1 MURR E AT TENE AMAT Cin-order) (1 Bi Hh BL HE 5 48 BEY DAA De La a CIO» FS RL eh 8 5 EY ME AK RT A HP 11 oe de, awe Eexgcute & Mery ae P11 OU DRC a A ABER AUP 1. 11S as OPS Hk AR ER FAH TB SA T-Cache #30 Ht Bi A 4 & AT» BO 2-way fi AL pie RUA ILA, AEA Set A ZT BEARS 1 SS HE A a SB wt ie f) FU FP DUAT GX PFE AR BEM Issue). a RG Be OT A ot EH & 9 OF BT Be ‘RLY a A 0 J I i) « a HG ie SRE EF] — APB KB» PEI PTB HE Sy AF FERS i 1 UI HE FAR A SR ME AY FU TOT. FET BBL T = FU: 8-4 FU ADRAAAT ALU 26 04H 4 FU AR A LAE Gi BARU ASHE BSS ASP Ae AT Re RE Ps BE RHEE AK RY SE Write back) Bi BEAR MOE DAT EN) « PAL BEAL FU 8s BE 28 dA 9 AAC 5 EP eG SBE QR Ke ALS = SPU AAG a ak AR 5 SPU a 2% «BIE ATT TE AG He Ht KBR HE Ze SEH ABBE AT HAL. ScoreBoard Fi] 2K ick SE iit 7k ARP A AAS HY PAT HERR «LA — Set SEM SFU REE PE FE ZI AR AA SY DG SE HO ~4r HLA AY ScoreBoard 4 FA 1.12 SrA.HPAL add #128: mul 49C+ mul WD: add WHEE: add HOF: add Bor BS rh 16 Berl 10,5, 04 1 816 89,1 Oi VRS Result Position 3 2 t]o ‘ScoreBoard F112) —4P SAL ScoreBoard ZEA 1, 12 BRAKE ScoreBoard t} 12 He T 48S SE HEX HY 45-4 1 A FF FF BB CRO ~ R31) ASAT EUR» CE AOU RF AG BEC a fF +P: Pending, ard & A924 RE WAG Fl BB A AF a P °F, Hah S PEM FU PAT EMEA Oh SUE AT Oe BS So A Me + Result Position: fEX PAS ic RT — AHS BIS FU iit 7k Bk AY > BE. Beas ARO ALF FU eR AR AS — it KBE YL ARNT BIDS FU iii zk Be RG “Br Be 0 Pea He & Meh F He 7k AR AY BI BT Bk. HE Bie 7h A AY ET BB ee aS OY ScoreBoard "lf itf 3k #4 4 2 HE if] ScoreBoard 3K 9k Al AC. AY THR HE BCE FF AB HE HEHE Ts TER RAS BEB) FU PIT Za OY EI BH TL fi PRG ALE AT BA Peak HA Se FU 07 BU PPB APT ALU 28 HY AP FU HBL SHE BITS 3 AMY LOT EE OY RET OB BT 5 RE PAT FAAS HSA FU HE, FA SARS BUGS 1 EAT GE A UE AT BS fe — HES Hey Mb AB HH, ScoreBoard 4X8 224i St AON AN AE AEE EPA 1.11 Ba A Ab BLAS H? HIE fA LAY ScoreBoard ik AY VL iE Be 48 © 9 EA AT HEE « I BB ht 7k Be A 9 BT fe APL 1.13. Bt as 9 — Bee Fe AE 111 ras A He AR ER HA AT HS Cycles o Xv F F v dD > F F 2 3 4 5678 9 Wn RB Pisa wy ® ® 1 a ARS bpp tins ya Mt wy poo waa wi © FoooodIaAMAW FDODDDDIA AAW PAL 13 RVR CE MIE 0 i AH FAL. 13 Rt UE GE TAFE, «MELAS Bk ER 9 7ST i BRAT tt RE AT OB FRET UFLAAT Cin-order) fy 2b SUBS «48 2 485 FE Bit 7 2 AB Se ola Fw TSS 9 BLT AS ER TA AT «AN 1. 13 AF AUT AS SAB IE AR AK AY LG RAS 5 BY A TAF AA VE PBS BEM Cissue) TEAM AEB) FU Pay ROPE EBE ART Ab ERE AUPERE. EAH S ABR] DLA 33 Be PA Cbypassing network) gk 8 SRE MC. AR te BEE PL AE FE W12 eR RABBIT Ri (Le ST a FD eR ok AB GE MO 9 Dy SR A «OT BAH SHE TR OR A Ab F G4 AAR AS» PA 1. 13 A BEAR E— 4D 2-way JOLFE DA AT 09 0 bi HR ADH BB Hp BE 12 4S WA AT DAT HEPA 1. 13 BS Aa Ae AS TREE PF HE 9 ES Ja BE RAW) ABR HE HAT 19 bP RAW AICHE ABE AB BT LSE FF AY » WSR — PRE HP FE HEEB RAW HSC HE BAP BE JAS FE WB Te A Pe Ay DAE (Eat WAW A WAR GX BS BP AG PEK BE oh PAL 1. 13 Bras BOL A OA eb BE Rg — 4 Be — BSL BBE TT ELI APB BA BR SEL Tek — 29k PSH SB ABE HE AB AS eH AK BP A 1.3.2 ALP FE BLIF-AK AT (out-of-order) f¥) iB fis Hit Wb 38 BP 5 HS TE ht BR AP a HE NOL HERAT 5 — EME A RE TT A SES BA) FU HBA 5 i BS PRA i AK ET DAP 1. 14 oR Rea. BR F i ‘ \@—J Le : 7 1 PCy FD, Day i 1 T | WBi cl . ‘ i a le 1 1 1 i 1 ' ' LSet x0 x1 22 ' ' ' Exoeute & Memory Wn, ts gi PELL 14 LPR A a a LK AR FER 1.14 BRAS HE ISR ARAN TAP 2-way fA) bit Ab BE 45 JANI T-Cache "it th USA HE REAT AEB Te BLED AT AER WAW WAR SB BA HE 5 BEE MEET HL fit % (register renaming) . “Pit FEAT VA te Hit 7K BR A) HF (Decode) Br BEE mk » tH. PT A EF — > it kB Oe eH» ab SBE GE SH 4 3 AF 4 8B HE (Physical Register File, PRE) REA SHE SE PE LAY BF FE BE (Architecture Register File, ARF) #47 Hi fit 4 »PRF SP APTE BRAY SBE SF ARE, 4S PE Mi KER NH > AEG AN BF FF AE i Bir BE A He “BRIE ALE AY MOLE Cin-order) Ae DUAT AY EL BUSES Bs Ht AK ER BY Be HT (Issue) Bt Bt 5 FET BE BE ABO BEE ARTE — PR FEE KP REE HG BABA FA Issue Queue 1Q),— HH > Ate He ROME RE TBE MT BIA BERT BA ad FS FS ME A) PU a» a Be Bi BE AE Hh 7 JAGUAR AT BU ALF BUT WIS) FE. BES PU ABA A tt KR, MNT ALU 26 eH FU $e BLAS PAI) BT DATS EH SR 5 7B FG BE AG be — STP AA Och BB KAVA FU PE J 9 a AC BRE PU J BS DF Ld HE i AK ER AY I Write Back) Bt Bt Ab AL FF AY» FEIX TBP BE, — RAR S ES EE, PRAHA B) PRE HP, HF 4) BAM AW Cmis-prediction) a # 5# # (exception) AY FF TE + Fetch Issue1S MBER PRE #48 AAG B) ARF ef, Ute to} PRE #9 Future File, 3 7 GRE AEE AY AF ERE A SHG BER FR FH E08) OT BE a Lb BAR SAGE — AS HH 8 CROB) fi) BB Bt &> «Bh Ake BD IE A HBG A eH A a HE PS A FE BEC SF 2B Se SR FP Ach A A AS 0 MT ECE «KS SY Be ig HH 38 (Commit) Bt Bi, RAGS AER POEL SHG E HUA PRE 4G) ARF th I EE SAS FER FE A Cexception) fi Mb FH » AMIR AS FETE SEH WZ 3X Aa BE BT VA OLA Sth 2 FP Bhd 7K AR. FEY Ah AS AAR ASE TT Ee. WEL Rak AH Sa Oe (retire) T ,— ARIES — FBR EE ABT fe lB) Z WAR AS T . RAE TEA AZ MIT AB TL BA 2 Be MELE — WO A ea TT BS FF ek 2% 6 CE AA i WN tbs RATS A BP A Ld 8 WAT YAR AS EEF store HS 2 HP UE (FRIBT IY store 45 SG ES FE AM RE» WIR HE ht AK ER OS LB BP BE BRAG store 4S ARS BFE AM AE KA — BL ee FS} Se Pa COR PE SP DA RF BOGS Ae store 45S KA Dt AR SPR AMLIDY BEB AT BEE FF A BED AR ASHE AT BLT BO OE 9 A a Je TERA 1.14 RT 28 4F BW Store Buffer(SB) , E4F 4K store 44 BA I KZ TI AZ store HSE HAR YG BOE. 2H E HAG Bl Store Buffer, AA —% store HRSA MA tk RP OO TA, ATT AE AA Store Buffer SBE Ha TP. AT EMA Jet» Load 48 4 LES BRT BR D-Cache #39 28 SHB . i MH BEM Store Buffer i 17 PEAR BORE TE — ae PEL HOT A A OP 1.15 Sera 2 TPE — BR HE 2-way BLIP AAT BY a ba Hb SAS HAT HO Cycles o123 45678 SHONRB WA: add 8 Qe OF DF AL WC HOB: mul Sr -F D1 MBM MI WC @® @ HEC: mul 6 Bh FD i MB M2 MW © © |e HSDs add 10.05, 04 Fopi- -atwiec , © HOE: add 17, 5,16 Foi --atwe HOP: add 18, 9, 1 FDiAWer ee PA 119 BUR CEL ICA OL eR A A FER 1.15 496i AeA MAK AR AY BHT Cissue) Br BE Hee WG A OF 4 BE HAL in 3k ak BIT WA iii k Bt oe RABIES BH SE mM HE HEF FF ROB) 1 9 FF I ff Cretire) ,— ARS ATS BNE ZW BY TA A SAB BS HE SR ET AE eH FP TA TR BP AB «CBS — ARAB SEAL Te AK ER AY HEE (Commit) it Bk » FIFE Hi AK ER TA ART Ati EAE TE EY PLE OY MOF Cin-order) S47 HY. FAL 1. 15 PAS BEAR FRE 9 4+ A BRT LA FE IM ORF Za NOL AT BS A A PF AT BET Be AT EH BEDUAT ANS SP AC NE «BLED AT AN OE Se eH ARS HBC Ak SE BYR AB LF AA 9 AS DA 9 RAR AS — DEANS SF TBE BX A 2k HB — EL 9 SP (1) Fetch 48S) : x AB SP Hh HEA L-Cache "f Wd > , EE ch Bie A HF YM. Cache 1314 RRA TT ‘hu BE AF iB UE AS FADES & 5 GP Se BALM AB DS De ae F — 2d SY PC EL AB Wad a yb 8B 5 SK AC 4 A a HR Ack Hf BY Vn «A EE rR Ok (2) Decode (05) + 3 BBSY FHS 14H & AY IS HY HS aa BE AR AE BSB — MORE HATS SF 5 CABS AY RTT AAS SE BAB IGH AE RISC $54 9 9K BE fl MIPS, Hb Be TH» FL A th BA He Be ML TTY CISC $5 SE BE i) A x86 HH HERE SE A 5 IT LA HAE TS iG BE SEE OM) A Bt Gk Me Hg UE AT «EL Pb HP BIG > RISC $i ME 5 5 VEN TG BE Mat — SH ADE ah Gk a A SABLE Se Ae. (3) Register Renaming (49 47 #8 HE ir 4 ) FE Dit 7k 2 19 fF 5 BP BR A LA AB 4 BR AF 46 8 AME A 5 ERE EG FRE A HA A PET SE EAT fk WAW WAR 3X PUA hy ATT eH” 5 as BE (EFF FF BB Cn HO Ts EE SS eH ‘Bin Se BA EFL BS 0 A MS A Oe Hg Hin A» ae LAR AT VA HIRE BE eT A TA a SS i MU TT — 4h te i 2 FE ‘f6 5 WIT A FEA iy AF FR ZH) ME TY WS aS Oy EA ALN FAT LTT BO I i HH TAY RAW HEHE AE TBE FEL RAW 1 SH AY HS J DL i ick» i Me a Zea Se OB IAD HFC bypassing network) 3 FH E 12 (FF CE ("BOA HE” 5 a Fa A WB BE A OT) RS BSE 4 ORI eh 8 AB HGS AE FE — BBE GR TAS FF BCE — (4) Dispatch (5 Be) s PERK OT BE 5 WM tit % Z Is ee ES BY ZIT CAT (Issue Queue) , Ht -HEF 2B 4 (ROB) fil Store Buffer 9 86 (1 AFF Ze 3 BE AB UE Af BEAL 2S BA (0 aD OT VL BE aT HS HS Za Jk a BEE Bk kB 0 ir MWB aE A 5 LAG PPT TAS FF a HM i % VA BS Bi I A A «a HP) Py tk 5 SP BE BY ERT A AM 2 6 BE HC he BY ER CP — a A — Jd I Td BO BE Yh BH th, AT EAE PB oP LR (A — af KB (5) Issue AY): Bett Wi AK A AY SP K (Dispatch) Hr Be Z la» HHS BS BIT BH BAR Cssue Queue) *ft , #48 (select) Ha Bi 2 IX TAB FE He ie Hh 2k AA KB) PU UT Ath a8 HEL eT SREY HY 5 et PMO EAT 22 AT Cin-order issue) HY HUE «2 ie BH WBE AL BE BAF HP at VA BED BB A Ht SH AS ME ET A TT AL PFET 42H Cout-of-order issue) fH) fH Oe » ill Ht BRE BA Ds EA HABE BE Ae EG BE BRE BS HE Aa HS SE A HW 5 EI a i BH PPR te Aik 23 5 09 TB AAS SB) PU a AT aL EDA 9 Ab RE BB ED AT Cin-order) B)AL FF ANAT (out-of-order) 14) 5} FF 8 HS TEI TBP BR Sek » AB FLA AM AL FF AY 7 SK HAT » EL B Hit AR 19 BEBE (Commit) Bit BE » AS HA Ey UEDA AT AR AS. FE BET BA EAP FE MB C wake-up) HEL BB 6 ES FT BEG BEN BA PY 1 8) DR PE SCR AG TAS» A (BR AV i PR Ek EABLET Gb A) (6) Register File Read Ci 25 47 8) «Be (HR ris Bi 38 1 09 45 & 5 BE DA 0) BF FE a (Physical Register Pile »PRF) i 35-28 4 35 »— ABLE OL TF « (198 ia BASE HP 08 487 & AT LA BA, PRE #9468 BWR ESIC 5 RIB AT “AB — AB” 9 TOR DS BR JE & AR FEA PR hb BPR EB {el AT A PEGE BI FU PBT Za A Be DS (bypassing network) 179 BIR ERM, Ib AK SPA ML BS AIA = aL o> PRP BEE TTBie BRAS IE een FAB i A AF J] I GE AT FIL RS. PRES GE OY Sk Be RS « Beh BA EBD i FFE — AB BAS Re HS SNE A A HP AS BiB 2 Aaa EF — 4 iL Zk BL (1) Execute G47) : 4249S) TE Bi is BEAR AE BCS Jes» ET Ae ME AY FU SPRATT 4 A a it Ack BB Po «5k AS ir BU HS Aa AR Be A Td SFU, lO i ek OY FU, th tt Fe Imig HF) FU th dt ot XH Sis HEY FU, it Bt load/store #4 BUT AY FU AF ACY Wb I BEI Se HLA — ee HE AR ik AY FU, fl a atk 45 HE > & McA (SIMD) iz fy FU. (8) Write back (3 [e}) ; POP Bk eH FU H+ 5% 24 2G Bi My BH fF BEE CPRE ) pf HEX 4 Bit BR a i — HE OS 9» JL BA tC bypassing network) Hf ix TH AR A Ba BE A 5 — AOL A J BE AT PU BG Ai PU kA Ba EG "BE (YY SBCA 5 A LAC AD Ah HP eT Je YE 8) a LE «LB BE (08) Api «AG He TI A De OY ES St] BY SS «PL St Ze BB Se A BY J I i] «I TH ARK FA ATR eh AB AE Cluster 9 24 #8 HE FU Sp iQ AS Tel 9261 «FE — AL 9 FU A J As eS Re — RE CB EL S45 Eh a BA AB 5 — ARB DA — AS LA 5 Bs BO AS Fl) If RA PHBE hI TAP Cluster O24 19 Se — A DT TS 9) Commit 36) + 3 4+ Bir Beatz EE fe FA 09 BB EHF FF 8 PF CROB) » E 2H AL PH 45 AHS ARE ed SR HE CI MT ZT A a 5s I BY ES» SH Hk AK RB 4% (Dispatch) ir BE + FE Hp see £9 MOU Cin-order ) 5 3 7 HHERE BR FED s BRIE CE Ah aS Pe LH SG OI 2A EE TY «OS eB PG TF FERRY J Td ag AE RE RO BCE SZ, ub SE Be Pe a AT AR — ES RL ARG 2 tHE we ab AT SR BEANE FR Ea 1) UOT Ee — APY EL J Ca a ch EP HG Re LF 9 Di A AAT AY JRE as BEA PE — TB EB aL FP A 9 dt OE PD 5 HEFESEAE WR — et & Zn SEAT 9G AB ZB Ak AA SB AAT 96 TS UL AS HE #5 J ME HE FE 5 Wo HE EAE ZH BY AT HE SBT 9 A AER PB BR th eH FEE HY SEE Cexcey HE AF Mb SD Hi A Hh AG 9 AR BoB HB fe 4 ME TA SR HE BB LL 2HK FB 485 Ts Hb A A 82 3 (Commit) Bit BEANS 7H HE Ab RET TIE SR oe A AE A A A A So SEs — AR — THEE EH RSF NTI YR Cretie) 5 BIS 2 i Xt Ab Ji BADR AS AR AT Te 5 te He a ae Fed BS HT AR &T. “GE RE is Hak th Bf BA AR BRAS A AR ASE 4 A ck 4B Ss Ha (FLT UU BAS «Le RD a a SB eR — A BS 5 AS FD AR BAT Dy TAB BS AE AN) « — AREA» BOLI HE PRT AB A ET AO = A> A BF AL SY BM «Ab SE AG EAA HE 28 A EE eB OTT AE. Seo FL BEE FAL «Be AF UC BS SUN AB a BE — AO a 9 Sb RB SS TE AR RS BRL EP 5 A 1) TAPE» AS ELS BB HBR BA KR A i 1516 MBAR MANTB RR 7 CE ARSE HE LAS" SEL DEAT TR GK AE GR OS FT AE Me TH iH DR 28, HC NEARS BT Oy AS FF OE Pe BG EEA TE OK. SE HA EEA PEASE 5 FL BE AT BOLI 5 BRAD AT AR ASR SL PRC 9 TA ARS SH HE ELAR US WES A 0) Sle PR HRS Rh Si dt BE Ek EF AHS Ua, EAL SB OR RB 2 TE WEAR AS A OE oe AS A I oh.Cache 2.1 Cache BY—ARIRiT CEE TR Ae AB PAG BH OE ME ATT AE PBA I Cache, 4 Ab BR BL BE AF AB A, A, Inte) ae Ue Mb FE 4 Be HE DA EO He AE > Se BO FA BE EG» Cache 4) sin 2% EG» HEE thst, EA Jj CEA TF 2 BY SP «AS HE kD Ab BB HP HAY Cache, Cache 2 JF VA FF AE + RE PAN He Ht RBL AY LEE PS FEE OF A PR (CD) ETAL IEHE temporal locality) + MJ —4P CAE BE AE BO FA] TB ZA UE AAT BT AEE 2 BLU FA. (2) 23TH) HE (spatial locality), MFR — “> BCH BE He BLU Fl TB 2. J BL A A Dea fe ts 2 we Ta. Cache FY) H4 FD BA 88 J — PY FG A BY is SUL iE AS AF IE Ach 9 ASA) Be AE HAE SE he, MU SR — A EA TE hE AA EF, BB Cache th BEAN SE FFE T 5 ASHE URE OY PY BE te AT LB 9G A fe AG Oe 4) — BF) HE BET 2A BAe EAA HOR AE ETO — PPE ALE RCT Cache JB 285 08 StS “GEE a HR Ach HP RB A JL I AG BE IA. Cache fF it ae He SS A AG TR] Wt I TA 2% load/store #& 21 fa] Cache, Pl it Wi BE Ie BL Be Ht C1 HY Cache » 3X 4S Hr 6 Td BA BE ABT AR Ds BE AR» BEE PR BA, GB ABS AR HE AT SP Cache S48 J" 5 A ABE » EAC Ah 3 BE 88) TP Bh FF HE BAR & 8 Cache, Wl 2. 1 Her T — A ARAB. DRAM FT U1 #9 BE BE AR (disk) a& 19 FF (flash) fH) Cache, iif L2 Cache Pf DLFHAUE DRAM ff) Cache,L1 Cache XA LLFHHUE L2 Cache (i) Cache, 438138 Hh FAVE Te SE» PE AR AE 0 ETF oh SP HR ELH A HF PE a BW HEISE AST AR «ASR J 2 A TB OT SCOR LIF). EE ATT 1 a SE 4 fh A AB ABT — aR LA SH 2 5 AE PDS BE AT ‘th—#6 8) DRAM 2K fF y i ft ak FA 25 HARA Cache, {AU DRAM iy i BE 528 FE AE LM AYA AE. BAR — + EN 2GHz fy 4-way a be ft Ab BE 8S i [| — > 100ns fH) DRAM (4% RAL «Te Ab SE BB i fl — 1K DRAM fi i A AE LAE A BBR] LAAT 800 AAR YAIR GEAR SPE AY AR PD” FTG RA ARE BP RAT TF Ah SB — A ET. fl SEY L2 Cache #1 L1 Cache, i PAB 4) JE BLh I 51K AREA AY EEE L1 Cache 5 ts 5 AB 2 E Ab BB A18 ABARRANBRRLTT ARR Hh, Je A oh HE AE A) — OG AR A Me a FE fe 8 C virtual memory) ff 2b HERE «Cache AY BE it BEE AE ME 1 2 Bik » AS A TEL AS AS We AOE TT UE Cache At 5 f4) — Se REHE PIMA He OFF Ait 88 Je Cache (9708 4b 6 46 Jes SCE A PE A 9 FR FESR. FA 2.1 SAE BA HHH 4 BI Cache. RN a ‘Pei r paste Main ity Wee Memory exe (pean ae PH 2.1 MhBRB HA 4 HF Cache BALCH a ah BO 2 «SH hk ER AT CE. L1 Cache — ft #8 ARPT OI AY FE HE HS Cache(I-Cache) AISGR Cache(D-Cache) , 48 Jit LE i817 09 DE #8 — PEAY AE D-Cache A(R 77 BEM EA BEA IE AH (9) AL Cache FR 22 BE IK, TAR RG A, Ast D-Cache HM Ae — He, HEAR AEE A BE, AB FP RE DD - Cache HEFT UB AY. L1 Cache Ji S05 Mb S88 5 EAE Wit zk AG 9 — BB GE A ab SR ALL ALS AY REE » KE SE TE 09 FE HEA BE A AK, L1 Cache — 8 4B J2: (8 SRAM 2K 32 SLAY 2 BRAC) SRAM aa BE MELAS a (eR 8) — A ae HO PE A — 7 eR WE EADIE «L1 Cache tt & J: TX Pe et F LI Cache kiR “th” RE EE. ‘WRK, L1 Cache 5} 39 I-Cache #1 D-Cache #2 ToR“th” IBA L2 Cache si SE # TR “42”. —BUHOL F »L2 Cache iB Jb 48 & ANBAR IE IE 5 ANAL SBE A BE IE AS RF DD PE BTA Ee AS SE BE Oy EJ TSR AFB Se AE PAY kB BL Cache #642 UL MB yAic it). ili AL te 9 SRS, L2 Cache 4 FT fie Je & eZ fe SE AY, SBC INY ABH OL BE BE SE Fe — 8 OAR» BE 9 Ab HE —- ALAB JE JE L3 Cache) , {HJ L1 Cache ff} NEE A BE BAT" TEAR BR EA RE EF Cache Fi Bt EAR AY ER MF T-Cache A ih, Hs BE HE WE 4 Fa NEI Ae RA 5 AB a 4 EY ES ANT] BAAR A AG SF JL A+» PE — ARR HARE tt BS iby cP A 1) TF AVS VED AD SS a) YB Ye DY OS, A a 8 BT BI BARS MY CREB A Se HE HEE MO. ATF D-Cache KR, E ite BK HF HE AS Vi#i& & load/store 4 & (19 i Fl 5 tH, BE Se MG BE as AY 5 BYR A Ba Eb RH HASTE FE AT AR. fll HE SHE BA FH CTssue Queue) Store Buffer, 2 4F SHE (Register File) AH EFF 247 (ROB) %§ GK. BEHG TE BAG S ( Se 9 AS R AIR Ay FLL. (ER FA es AAR Be oh FAR AC 9 2 A , MH] D-Cache fH) 2 HEAR RAB A » OER A Fei TASB HU oF TR MAE SR Ty hd Se SPB OK AY HES «GK HE AB Oe RAHA Pa EAS AF RB) load Ht — AR ah FAT SAE BAY TH 5 FE PA Se hE 4 fe ies WM HT YB]. PAL AE I-Cache #1 D-Cache 9% SER FA AV 22 Ht AG Bh SE AB — PEAY TT YF L2 Cache Hebe » Ht FE Bei Fal A SALE AR JE ALB CLL Cache ft) fir 1 98 JE He 8285 9) 5 FLL2% Cache ESE AS ote BEB Sh C1 BBE 5 CE OY ES tha AB AE, PA AG FEZ AE LL Cache 8 Criss) IN PRA SUT E ELE L2 Cache ij BEAT HC IPS M8 ir FF «Wy Ce BE A BIR $22 Hi YA FEC — ARSE DRAM) , 3 4 i 1) Ut Ta] Ze AR AK, PA at BES HE HL Cache Bf fir 9 «AE BRT mM oe EA 1 AY Cache 4:2 PUM 4L Me. Tag MPA Data MFP. TUE. Cache SAH T BFP AY BALK. TEAS SBA «ee AS J Sa HA ET, PALE: Data BR SE JAD Ae OR Ae — i i CH Deng SW As 2a HY ZS, — Ay Tag AVE RE 1 9 TAG SECA 1 15 — 4 Hh 39 — 4 Cache line, fff Cache line #4 £4) 84 BBS} FE a BABE (Cache data block , tL Ff Cache block B& Data block ,#E FX "P RiEFT KP) IE AAR WATE ETE Cache 4 49 4d Ar 5 i He ta [el — 4 sth 98 3 AY 4% > Cache Line Ff Cache Set 2x26 AGE TEA TSP 228 He EH ETT AIS OY AP 2. 2 A. Block address Index Word Byte Cache Way Cache Set Word number Cache Line line number Cache tag RAM Cache data RAM hit? Read data way number 2.2 Cache Aven ty YR PR 2. 2 Fides 7 — Ab aT fie 9 BD ak. HE SE BY 1, Cache 4 = Ah E BE AY SEL 3%, TAEDA (direct- mapped ) Cache, 41 Hi ¥£ (set-associative) Cache #1 4: #fl #€ Cfully-associative) Cache i = BU sk A EA A 2. 3 ra. EF WIL 4F (physical memory) #4) — 438 HE BE. WR TE Cache 1 i — Pit Dr FT LA ENE» RIE EL HER AT HY Caches a8 Cache fi BAS HW Te A HE ME CE IEA ALE A Caches MUIR Cache 445 fil 1 ih Oy AB AT VLC ABH IBA E RIE ABE AY Cache, AY LAFE HH » PLES BRN AM Ze He 5 PA OY Cache 3: fib ALMUHLZE Cache APS A FIR TH BL BEAR Ab BESS 1 HY Cache — UR FEB = At BAP MWR—*, HM TLB A Victim Cache 43% Fl SAL Si H9 , iH MG HY Cache # D- Cache Wl FAH HAE 2h HF.20 ARAB IRIT samp ‘ibhi(physical memory) Cache 30000 HCD 0001 (directsmapped) s010 ! oe a 3100 7 | SS cctasociativey 3bI01 y110 me one sbi — (fully-associative) 2.3 Cache = MARI Cache 57 fi 08 47 38 iE We Mb 31 BB ls FAL k A A a PE 9 HE AT RS Re 5 BE 48S BA MH FAR HE Cache 1 ik Cache fifi (Cache miss) Ce: (4) M8156 PLB RE ma i eB CE AG PET BL tah EN] Cache WR NITE R AT LRH MF (1) Compulsory, te Cache 5 52246 LA Wii fel St 69 PA 2S «DLE 5 5S — UC BE iF] BS BBE AT ELAR 2 TE Cache "SRR ATE 5 2k URE RET 9B Ze BOE BY MR PT OR A (prefetching) A997 25 A/S it BE AIRS WA Be (HY UR CBB Sb BEE HE AR RE AT SP A. (2) Capcity. Cache it RK » BEAT BA SE 47 WE BN EBA 2S HE mY Cache fi Se Be A BLE 1) — A SE AB PLB GI A I: Ua TRY PR il» Cache 2 J BR AG HS A EAE 5 GALAN, 4B FF BSE LFS 4 SHE I F AS IA] HY Cache set, tif Cache (ft 341 4 4 Cache set Ht ABA RAH RAEI T . (3) Conflict, 3 T #2 & 7 BE RM BY Cache + FF] — 4 (ic BE BY TAF Be — AR AF A ‘HHI HY Cache» 4 95 se BE He TT BY al «ABD SEAS A AG A OE — A Mita (2-way) HY Cache * «U1 FF BES fe FH 89 = 4 BA Jal FT] —4> Cache set 3B it Pi aif BME it RAR T tet AY LL A A] Victim Cache 2% 28 fF i 7 fil Ril x BB SP AS ES HE AR EE iT. LDF Hh A Cache RIE AY = 4 AE. PRN Cae AL PSE Ea kB RB HP TL, KFA HUM (prefetching) Ml Victim Cache i PHP Art » {JE 4k Tet MAAR BR Cache ti Fe RES SALE Be A THE 2.1.1 Cache fy RIX 1, WR ELREDR-A Cdirect-mapped) #4 FH HY) Cache SEI 2 5h Se BU A) — Bh Hy SX, dab FRE Ti (FF A BE 9 sh 2 BE 3} = MBS}. Tag. Index #il Block Offset, FH 2. 4 FAR HHH Index 3% Kh Cache #223) — 7H HEA Cache line, {A JEM AT Index 44 [al (49 Jt ht MB 2 Ht FIX 4 Cache line, Ast € Cache line PRA Tag ABS} HR AUWHE PY Tag BFE BE, ATE TEA GY 3X4 Cache line BEA AV. TE—A Cache line 4 48 2 4 BCR: 5 LFF fi 88 SE fi Block Offset 85} HT LA 38) FL IE ABBE AY MH EAT LA we Ae BE PEW. HE Cache line 4 BAG —AT CA (valid) « IDEARIZIE P Cache line fb ORFF A RCE BCH, PULTE 2 PEL32% Cache 21 Sak 0 Ae BB a ak: «ES 89 CHE A Se FF HEE MME AY) Cache line ft, LINE AY 47 OCA ti, Se ae wT. Biock(Cache lineyAddress Block Tos. Index | Offset t k vy Tag Data block b he 12! ins Data Word or Byte hit FR2.4 Direct-mapped Cache Sat be TAT ASE OT A EH. EF TAT Index Te OY) FF a Hk, BB Se Fk BN Jd — Cache lime, ik B74: TMP » RX tL ALR HY Cache ft) — RA » MUIR TH Index #6 5b AYLI) 49 FF (it BB A 26 HT) Cache» it 22 — ALF BE Cache Wik Je » PH sth EAI Tab 3 2 A TBR. OF ih ah St — FS a 9 FY SO JP FF Cache HY 86 mA, HNP 2.5 Bras HA 32 (LAVAL BE HOE , LI Block Offset 4% 5 fi, FLL Data block MANE 32 FAs Index J 6 fi, #7% Cache PIE#Y 2° =64 “+ Cache line( fe HE BRAY HY Cache tH, Cache line Al Cache set J& [7] A) » 4 Hii 28 Mh HE hl ax A) 32—5—6=21 fe Tag fH A tt kt Cache FT BLE HR II MAR A AME 64x 32 FA = 2048 FA. BM 2KBy Tih Tag BAPE A sh SE 64X21 (Y= 1344 (1. 3Kbs ARAL Cvalid) i HAYA HE 64 1 = 64 {ie — BEF ARAL ASAE ABP AYA) HEART Cache AYA) ULI Cache BPR AUE—P 2KB WER wR AT iA HY Cache, TIRE EBM AAT BT 1. 3Kb YEE Fl. fock(Cache line)Address Block Block(Cache line)Addh Beck Tag(2ib) Index(6b) | (5b) setselect data select P25 fF 6 0 se 5 ELBE AT 25 HIND Cache fe SBE Je Hee 18) APY CAB AN 5 BEE LE « (ELF EAT BE AE AAG 19» LAR AY Seb SR AR > Si FST SRT 2. Bae MALATE (set-associative) AYA SEN T fe Te AH BRN 44 HY Cache fy AS AE mH HH BA FE AE BEE — AP A A HL AB HE E—AP Cache line "iii JE AT VA Hie te & 4 Cache line 49, Xt —MELATE SH AY Cache SE BE Wn SR — MBC BT DUBCHE n MCE WY BRAK TP Cache Fé n BEE ALHEHY Cache(n-way set-asst Cache) , 1 2. 6 a8 T — “+ i BA AEE Cache fH Jit aA.22 ABER AB SRI Block(Cache line)Address Tag. Tndex n k Block Offset v Tag 1 _ Data block Data Word ‘or Byte FH2.6 2-way set-associative Cache SB 2 9 5 1H FB HEY Index BB 4}Xt Cache UE #7 dik » se AMY AY LL 4p 38) BH Cache line,iX #14 Cache line #§9— Cache set, FE FEHB Cache line A JEM MG BAY Je HUE Tag HORE AY 2A RO SE A HR IRB Cache line A) Tag He Bee MBAS ABA ‘BS A> i BE kD BA AB FE Cache" , thik dE RE T Cache tik JAPH 2. 6 PFT EAE HH. By ae BEM 24> Cache line "fi #— PVE Ae 6 24 IR, x AP Cache AY BL Ty REZ LA RT 5 HY AY Cache, fib 8 2 BEAK. Aa IN WR BE 3G BEE IEE FT Ht KAR. LL De > ef Sok 88 JAINA HE Fe] cycle: time) fy HE MA » PE Se FB load 48S A) EIB IM AK, — EE LBB OT Ab RS 89 AT PAR (ELSE PD SH Ek AR A EB SL DR > Cache BRA BE AAR BL PAL BR AR eh 9B) TY iy Pe AS Beh BB ie FB SE. KAP Cache th Je AS 15 HE CEE AY , FES AY IY 4h, EM HEB) AY Tag Al Data 5b AB AE SEE BCE AY 69 Tag SRAM #fl Data SRAM, ®] LFA DFA] SAB APD 2. 6 POT as BY AB RE 4 ak Oe Rs IE AT Al 5 A OR SE Hi fel Tag SRAM &64> HUE Tag HBAS RAE il] Data SRAM #8 5} 3X Ar hah PN AT, SEPIA DT RA A BES FU EEA BE SEF IETF BY BAA Tag BS) EAS eH YT] NY» KA HIE AE Data BB SP RY IL AS POT A BEA As ee SEH A 4 RS BA — 4 BR: Se Bi ER A EB) Tag He Be RAHA Ue ML AEM Data block, #8 Je HLA 4F fit BEE fs Block Offser fil weE HH 4 SEAS» — AB PR AY 8 3 LE Bg AE Rt FF (Data Alignment) , hil 2. 7 iran oth THM THEA Cache B15 fe] — AC 4B Je ab BE 8 “FO XK ERK 2 (critical path), MPA 2.7 Bran hy AX te — AP PALI PA BLT DSL» PRIS Gs HRA AC BEI, EAR ch SA HB SF Cache HY Villy BA HEAR » HTT BRL EPH Cache iE » Mit 7K Be AY BAH AS SAKA OM OSE DASE LS EAE > ROR: TEP BE Cache JE BE AFH Hi zk BM ZAM load $4 AY EIS AA TT A A ae a HT FD 2.8 PT HEE AT i a) 9 295 #8 AF tk Be 9 a EP Be 7K A HY SE 7 EC Address Calculation) (ir BE AT LA i+ UAE HH FF AR BE OY HO HE 2 FRAY Disambiguation Bt BL Xt load/store #4 Z fil FF 4 HY HIE32% Cache 23 Biosk(Cache TineyAdaress| Block, ie Index| Offset hivmiss data (82.7 IFT UIT Cache *h AH) Tag Bl Data #5} HEFT Kote WR Ja TE Fit zk 22 Bt Bt (Cache Access) it AT LA #48 3f 77 3h bi fA] Tag SRAM # Data SRAM, Jf{0 FH Tagg He 8 64) 24 FR 40 A 8) CAE 7 ek FR 5 8 en He Jes — 4 it aK 2 Bit Be (Result Drive) (AFH 7# iH 2EMWAL HY block offset (FL. KAGE M64) tH HY data block +i tH RAG BES BAR CE RAE). IAEA 2. 8 TY BL AEB HLL AP OH Ak ER BY SE kT DG At Cache (#5 iii FF) fet 8 JL 4 JD I A 59 WR 5 ROPE DA Be A a J I) ‘Address Calculation | Disambiguation Cache Access | Result Driv Offset e Tag 2 a 2.8 PET UL ANE R WTR FAT Ui Fal Fr HEA PTFE Tag SRAM DEFT HiIl ARAB Tag HERR ANAT AE BEAT LL SE SCH 1 WB — Bl 8) BOC A ep BE BW 8) «a WB iF i — Ba SCE SER FRETS BEAD 2. 8 of (0) Be Be a BB TT EL, FG BE FAD SCA AB Oa AB + SRAM, JE {tH 09 SRAM hi 2B A8 BEET 5 AD IG AT 9 EE SB Re OE RT A 8 Ae FE PNB KM 2.9 Sra. 49K FE 2.9 Bam AK BA hE SAT T Tag SRAM fil Data SRAM ik ABS} fA. ELEY HES Se WA US VAG BE EF AR He BA ab 8 «FH ZA (8) Fy SR IEAGS BH Cache (75 fa] WF 2. LO Ajay » AM Ae mG HE AT WF BS ht AK BR HE AT OE He A LA OF SB Sth FB PT AA TV] Tag SRAM ffl Data RAM HER. AWK CAA24 RMS RRRIT Dita RAM Array way Tag RAM Array jsaino 5] |way| [way]] [8 : E g hf 3 Hl jaan BlockfPache napa ii T Index | Offset ne hivmiss ta (2.9 FT DFTA Cache ¢h 1H) Tag A Data 85} EA Wh He PR RR 5 3 AER Ach JL SENET J Ag HEL JS ha — 1 J ABI HE Cache A i fal S¢tn T — 4+ AX th BLALIH AK T load 48 fH HEIR . 2 load H#& Mee FS 9 TO Sh» CRE Sh A AP Hw — SE 9 Address Calculation | Disambiguation Tag Access | Data Access | Result Drive ‘Address Calculation, hivimiss Index Tag. i t 1 i i PA 2.10 HST Harel ANA HEF Cache Heh» ANP IE IE GT Ui FE AE Bs OD» PAL HD SAB A ER HE A HES FEAT A FN BY Da Ke a BREA AY OE AB SH PE» (ELE FA] Cache if Fe) 8 $81 — A J J EL Je Ap BL PDR TB Ab BT LE Fo] Cache ty 3 BEEN (3 LI FE IE ft (9485 TT eS I «EL A J BB OW OM} Cache ft iy (th Fe Ff A DA FD 45 A SRR A FE HEAR 2s HH FFA Cache fy et $8 T — >> YEN SN TT | AE A 5 AAT 5 tT AT 9 A BB BS ‘EGE HA BE. Vila] Cache $n 338 tn — 4S JL) « RABE AT (RE > | ke Ah HE EY I» 3k eh BL A FSET i OP Dy SE — Fe A A a THE T2% Cache 25 3. SE TE @ Hi (fully-associative) fy Py CrP «REF — 7 FF Hn i HE EE 6 EE A SAE BT HCH BE—7 Cache line 4, WPA 2. 11 FAR FFA AEM AEA EAT Index 8B 5b . THT Je HAE CE ME ff) Cache "Pik 47 Tag HB $2 3 He Be 4H RAE VHB Cache lines 3k PATS 4 FEE FEAR BE YD BE SP «EB DG «SS a A AE Sk YF AK BE (Content Address Memory, CAM) , 3: fas 24 4 ff) Ab SH 85 4 (05 Hd 4 Hi 44 49 9 Cache Mf , 2B J: 18 HD CAM 2384 ¥ fit Tag (8 65 26 89 SRAM OR FF fe CHE AS. CAM fi — 17k FE Bt SRAM ‘FX 1c 47 (—A2 PK word line) tf 2 BE Le A. AT SRAM BY A BCH Hie RE AY SG. EAN AHI Cache i M6 Sie Kf) RH IRE « PR CE ke eS FH AIR 9) 5 J AR AT VL, EAN TP a A BE Fe EE a th J KS te — PG APA HAY FY Cache ABARAT EA BA , GMO TL Bt ef Tk BY A HE A OR TEE TL FE Ds 9 HE WAM. Vj) Tag | Data block mn ° ? Ld. mail ‘hit nA — SS ase : a2. 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