UNIT 1 BIOLOGY AND GEOLOGY 4 LEARN AND TAKE ACTION!

LIVING MATTER

1. a. Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen atoms.

b. Molecules joined together.
c. Organelles.
d. Cell.

2. The image represents the organisation of living matter. Living matter is organised into
successive stages of complexity, from subatomic particles and atoms to cellular organisation.

3. The basic principles of cell theory are:

• All living things are made up of cells.

• All cells come from other pre-existing cells.
• All cells contain the genetic information necessary to regulate cell functions.
• All cells carry out the vital functions of living things.

Viruses are not living things. They can’t carry out the vital functions of living things, such as
nutrition, reproduction and interaction.

4. 1. Carbohydrates. a. Provide energy and also have a structural function, as they make up part
of cell walls and the woody tissue of plants.
2. Proteins. b. Regulatory function, controlling chemical reactions and transporting substances,
and a structural function, forming part of skeletons, skin, nails and cell coverings.
3. Lipids. c. Functions related to structure (comprising part of cell membranes), energy (as fuel
reserves) or cell regulation (acting as chemical messengers).
4. Nucleic acids. d. Hold hereditary information, which controls cell functioning, and pass it on
to descendants.

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