PHARMACOLOGY REVIEWER

PRELIM 2022-2023

Medication Administration and Drug Calculation and IV rates

MEDICATION ADMINISTRATION
- Medication is transferred into the body’s tissues in one of three ways:
a) by ingestion and absorption in the digestive tract;
b) by passive transfer through porous tissues, such as the skin, the alveoli of the
lungs, and the mucous membranes; or
c) by insertion directly into the interior tissues via subcutaneous, intramuscular, or
intrathecal injection or intravenous/intraosseous (bone) infusion.

GOAL
- “The central goal of nursing pharmacology is to enable nurses to provide medications to
patients safely and appropriately using the route best suited for the administration. Within
that seemingly simple statement is held a complex set of information defining the nurse’s
relationship with his or her patients.”

12 RIGHTS OF MEDICATION: MEDICATION ERRORS

1. Right Patient can occur at many steps in patient care, from ordering the
2. Right Drug medication to the time when the patient is administered the
3. Right Dose drug. In general, medication errors usually occur at one of
4. Right Route these points:
5. Right Time  Ordering/prescribing
6. Right Response  Documenting
7. Right Reason  Transcribing
8. Right Documentation  Dispensing
9. Right Assessment and Evaluation  Administering
10. Right Client Education  Monitoring
11. Right to Refuse Medication
12. Right Expiration Date