Landform Developed By-

Coastal Processes, Glaciers,

and Winds.

Labiba Nusrat Jahan

Lecturer,
PME, SUST.
 Landforms developed by
Coastal Processes
 Abyssal Fans, also known
as deep-sea fans,
underwater deltas, and
submarine fans, are
underwater geological
structures associated with
large-scale sediment
deposition and formed by
turbidity currents.
 A bay is a large body of water connected to
an ocean or sea formed by an inlet of land
due to the surrounding land blocking some
waves and often reducing winds.
 A beach is a
landform along the
shoreline of an
ocean, sea, lake or
river. It usually
consists of loose
particles which are
often composed of
rock.
 A coastline or seashore is the area
where land meets the sea or ocean.
 The continental shelf is the extended
perimeter of each continent and
associated coastal plain.
An island is any piece of sub-continental
land that is surrounded by water.
A lagoon is a shallow
body of water
separated from a
larger body of water
by barrier islands or
reefs.
---In nautical terminology, a
reef is a rock, sandbar, or
other feature lying beneath
the surface of the
water(11m or less beneath
low water).
A mid-ocean ridge is a general term
for an underwater mountain system
that consists of various mountain ranges
(chains), formed by plate tectonics.
 Oceanic Basin Ocean Sea

Hydrologically, an An ocean is a body A sea is a large

oceanic basin of saline water that body of saline
may be anywhere composes a large water that may be
on Earth that is part of a planet's connected with an
covered by hydrosphere. ocean or may be a
seawater, but large saline lake
geologically ocean that, lacks a natural
basins are large outlet.
geologic basins that Sometimes the
are below sea level. terms sea and
ocean are used
synonymously
Glacial landforms are those
created by the action of glaciers.
 Glaciers
 Definition : a perennial body of ice that moves
over land/water and forms from the
accumulation and compaction of snow
◦ Flow down-slope from their own weight and gravity
◦ Flows due to the processes of gravity, sublimation and
pressure melting
 Sublimation – directly from solid to gas
 Pressure melting – pressure forces water to open areas to
refreeze
 Glacial Flow
How do glaciers move?
Glaciers must be thick enough so that
they flow down slope.
Flow is by basal slip or plastic flow.
Basal slip -- ice moves over a thin layer of
melt water.
Plastic flow -- ice deforms internally and
flows like plastic.
 Types of Glaciers
• Alpine – confined by surrounding bedrock;
relatively small form at mountain tops and
flow down valleys
• Piedmont – Alpine glacier that reaches lowlands
and spreads outs
• Tidewater – piedmonts or valleys that reach sea
water
• Continental ice-sheet – only unconfined, cover
large areas, usually at poles
• Rock – surfaced by rock, fragments and
unconsolidated material
 Types of Glaciers
Alpine
Muddy River Glacier, Frederick Sound, Alaska (1948)
Types of Glaciers
Piedmont
Bylot Island glacier
 Types of Glaciers
Tidewater
Outlet glaciers, Royal Society Fiord, Nunavut Bay, Canada
Types of Glaciers
Ice sheets/Caps
Ice cap complex, Iceland
 Types of Glaciers
Rock
Northwest Territories, Canada
 Glacier Budget

• Definition : difference between annual gain

and loss of snow and ice
– When accumulation exceeds ablation the net budget
is positive and glacier grows
 Glacial Deposition
• Glacial Drift – material left or moved by glaciers; extremely
poorly sorted
• Till – material directly deposited from ice, unsorted,
unstratified with erractics
• Moraines – deposits at edges of glacier where ablation is
greatest
• Drumlins – reworked moraines, blunt up-glacier, pointed in
direction of flow
• Outwash – sediments deposited down-stream from glacier
melt-waters
• Eskers – sinuous deposits of outwash beneath the ablation
zone ice
• Loess – fine wind-blown silts deposits formed from outwash
sediments
Glacial Deposition
Glacial Till
Glacial Deposition
Moraines
Glacial Deposition
Drumlins
Aeolian landforms are
features of the Earth's surface
produced by either the erosive
or constructive action of the
wind.
Wind as a Transporting Agent
Wind as an Erosional Agent
Desert Pavement
Ventifacts
Wind as a Depositional Agent
a dune is a hill of sand built either by wind or water flow.