Concrete Tes tn 12.2.8 TIE PADS (1996) ‘4. Tie pos shall be used between ther wl eoerete testo minimie water intrusion and ie abrasion of the rail beat area and vo redace impact ond vibration effects on the track slructure, Retentesperienee has shown that dual durometer rubber pads, which have 60 to 60 Shore A durometer onthe bottom surface and 75 to 85 Shore A durometer roinforeed rubber onthe ton eurfce, have performed satisfactorily on Langents and curves up to degree, Allarnate materials with similar charactevitis may be ued », Poreurves over 5 degree, a three-part sandwich pad ensicting of ower layer foam gasket, intermediate layer metal abrasion plato, and tp layer of Lough thermoplastic material has bet ound oe 122.5:1 Requirements 1. Tie pads shall be of dimonsions and maleeals that are compatible with te fastener and track structure ‘components, Pad material shall provide the required chemical and physical properties to resis effects of ‘vironment exposure and trafic loads, and to satis requirements of he tes specified in Section 12.9, "Testing of Monoblock Tie, }b. Tie pad shall have minimum width equal tothe hase width ofthe Rall (4%-0 inches) (9 mn. Isha be shaped or have indeators that will provide coreet orientation during installation. The thickness a the pad shall not be leas than 5 © Allpads shall be marked in a permanent manner to indieate manufacturer and pad identification 1225.2 Matoral Tests ‘4 The following suggested teas for elastomer pads shall he conducted bythe vendor from a batch of material used to manufacture the te pad spodimens fr qualieation testing, Tos pocinens must be cured inthe same mantiee asthe final product. Bach spect teat shall be conduc an reportd om for Uhree samples, Al esting shal be conducted hy a laboratory approved bythe engineer 1, These tests havo boon solected for thelr suitability and wse in laboratory test evaluations uf rubber, plastics and composites oF laminates ofthese materials for eonereto te pad, The Lets all he applied Lo ‘the individual components of laminated pads. An ASTM comment that appears throughout these test methods is that correlation between the results from Unese ests and actual serves porformance is neither given nor implied, beexase of the wide variations in service conditions. However, many ofthese Lest methods are useful in quality control and, in some eases, product specifications. (D Comprossion set at 28 degrees © (ASTM D 305) high tmp 70 degrees C (ASTD 395) Tow temp -20 dogrees (ASTM D 1220) ‘Matha 1 @ 22 hone nl eonstant dfection, (©) Tensile strength and elongation before and ater heat aging (ASTM D 412 and ASTM D 678). Heat ing shall be two days @ 160 degrees F (1 degrees C). (8) Hardneas (ASTM D 2240 A sale) @) Resistance to Mids such as water, acids, shal, petroleum il, and gynthotc lubricants astm 47), (©) Vieat softening tomporature (ASTM D 1525). el ARIEMA Manual for Rallway Engineering s0.41245Concrete Tes 1227-1 Cap Screws and Ral Clips nimsam of % ine 09 mm) in diameter and of malice length to zm) But no exceed 1 inches (08 mm). They shall have a Cop sees used with ral elips shall boa provide a minimum engagement oft inch Fninimum proof load of 25-41 hips (120.32 kN), SECTION 12.3 TIE DIMENSIONS, CONFIGURATION AND WEIGHT 12.3.1 SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS (1992) 123.1.1 Tack Machinery Limitations ‘In addition to thove considerations covered in Section 12.1, General Considerations, the lowing rmrimum dimcrsions will permit Lamping with many present-day bllaa tamplngeaachines nd will tllow other related work tobe handled in a mechanied! manner (1) Tie width= 13 neh (0 mm). (2) "Tie dopth = 10 inches (260 mm). (9) Tie length = 9-0" (2.740 mh. }. Inorder to prevent damage in handling or by trmper let, the i ennfigaration shall bo wich Uhat sharp angles or projections ae avoided. 123:1.2 Weight or eave of handling recommended thatthe weight of Ue nol cxcoed approximetely 800 Ib (863 ke. 12.3.2 REQUIREMENTS (1992) 12.2.4 Lengit ‘The overall nominal length of prestressed concrete ties shall nok exceed 90" (2.740 m) exclusive of prostressing tenvdons The nominal length shall no be lesa than 7-9" (2.860 and 8-0" 2.440 my Tor post-censioned and pretensioned conereto tes, respectively A toloranco of neh (6.35 mm from nominal length is permittd, 1232.2 wiath “The minimum width of ballast beating area of tie shall not be loss Unan 8 inches (200 ann), Width of ie at top ‘arface from rail eat area to end of te shall not be less than inches (150 mm). The maximum width must not ‘exceed 18 nchos (900 mm). Tolerance of 2% ine (@.18 mun) from nominal width is permitted. 123.2.3 Minimum Depth ‘The minimum design dopth of any section of ie shall not be less than 6 inches (150 mm). A manulacturing tolerance +14 inch and V4 inch C6: mum ari 3.18 mo) is permitted from design dept. 12.2.4 Maximum Depth Maximum design depth of sry section ofthe shall nt be more than 10 inches (260 mn), A manufacturing Awlerance of +4 and —Ye inch (76.35 tom and 2.18 mm) is permitted from design depth AREMA Manual for allway Engineering oaza71232.13 Surface Finish ‘The top and sie surfaces of the tia shall present a smouth, uniform appearance, A random sestteing of surface vids will not because for rjetion, Heavy concentrations of surface wis evince of improper mixing, vibrating or enring will because fur rejection. COceasional spalling o a small portion of til set shoulders may occa during the stripping operation, Such spalling will not be eauso fr rejction unless it invelves that portion ofa shoulder agaist wih the heel of rail fastening lip bears Coneret ties shall be marked with indented or raised lotto r numeral to identify he lypeftie and year of manufechire as approved by the engineer ake ‘SECTION 12.4 FLEXURAL STRENGTH OF PRESTRESSED MONOBLOCK TIES 12.4.1 FLEXURAL PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS FOR PRESTRESSED MONOBLOCK ras DESIGNS (1993) A Bending Moments Figure 1.8 gives the unfactored positive bending moment al the centerline of the ral sa fr O79", 80", 8-6" and #0" 2.60, 2.440, 2.500 and 2.740 a) for various ie spacings. e lent Bonding moments may be intorpoated for other te lengths. Requirements for factored design ex Aisle 124.12, values. ate obtained by the method dexribed i 1241.2 Factored Design Flexural Values In consideration ofthe {nluence of speed and annual tonnage on te design the factored design Nenural ‘spacity may be dotoemined from: M=pvn whore M-= the factored design positive bending momento the centor ofthe ell seat 1 thebending moment in inch kips UN) akon rom Figure 1-3, Pura parieur the nth and Ve lathe speed factor obtained fom Figure 1 ‘T= Uhe tounge Factor obtained from Figute 1-4 ‘The use of strain attenwating ti pads in tho rail fastening aystem has been shove to sehice positive bonding moments. ‘The factored design Dexural epecity valve, M, may, therefore, be reduced a the option of Ure engineer AREMA Manual for Railway Engineering so-1249Concrete Tes Tonnage Per Annu - Million Gross Tons (MGT) 07570 6 50 30__—-1S10_0 TTT TTT ; i 12 pevndenenesnenennnnnannenennnd i aan : \ 14 10 Factor (V&T) 085 024 06 T TT T 4 60 8001200 ‘Spee - Miles Per Hour (MPH) 0 322 644 965 128.7 1609 1921 2253 Speed - Rlometers Per Hour (KP) { ' \ r 2» Figure 1-4. Tonnage and Speed Factors AAREMA Manual for Railway Engineering so.t2.21Concrete Tes 4. The tio must meet the roquirements ofthe Rail Seat Repented-Laud Test desi in Article 129.15, © The ti must meot the requirements ofthe Hond Development or Tendon Anchorage Tost described in Artile 129.18. SECTION 12.5 FLEXURAL STRENGTH OF TWO-BLOCK TIES 125.1 FLEXURAL PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS FOR TWO.BLOCK DESIGNS (1999) 1 Figure 15 givos the unaetored postive bonding moment atthe eentr line of the ral eat Fr te lock lengths of 30 inches, 3 inches and 35 inches (762 mim, 838 mm, 914 mn) for varias Lie spacings for elnforeed Two Block Ties, Bending moments maybe interpaaied for ether te block lengths Requirements for factored design Mexural values are obisined by Ure method dsershed in Artie 124.12 b._ Figure 1.6 gos the unfactored postive bonding moment at tho centertine ofthe rail seat or the Black lengths of inchos, 3 inches, 36 inches (76 em, 84 en, em) for various ie spacing, for Prentroarl ‘Two-Block Ties. Bending moments may be interpolated for other tie block designs Far tworbloc reinforced and two-block prestressed tos, native hending moments may be ealeulated from the calculated from the calculated rail set positive bending moment, M am shown in Table 1-2. Table 1-2. Negative Bending Moments ‘Tie Block Length | Rail Seat Negative ‘e760 Ta ‘in. (40 mm) | oT ‘in. (10 mn) ‘70M 12.5: Allowable Cracking ‘4 Reinfored eross ties when subjocted to loads producing flexure in the blacks must eral inorder forthe in reinforcement to work. Corrosion of steel reinforenment is related tn crack wih and external environment. The maximum erack width allowed in Table 1-3, should not eantribute to corrosion af sel ‘enforcement under normal railond environments b. Cracks shall be mearured on the surfaces of the tie back a aleve directly opposite the reinforcement clove to the tension face of the Ue. FTL ix not posible to measure a rack at this eve due to ehipping of the concrete or surface impeefections, measurements shall be taken equidistant above snd below this level and the two values averaged to obtain the width ofthe crack, © Crack shall he mestured using a hand held granted microsenpe of sulisient power and accuracy to measure crack widths to the nearest 0.001 ines (0.025 me) Cracks hall not extend to prestressing Lendons or longitudinal reinforcing steel of lx than % inch (0.882 mun) diameter ARIEMA Manual for Railway Engineering 301223Concrete Tes Conte o Center Tie Spacing in Millimeter yo $82. 510_S30 560 580 610 630 660 680 710 740 760 790, os Ms is + J 8 Positive Bending Moment of CIL Railseat (B) (kN-m) Positive Bending Moment of C/L Railseat (B ) (Inch Kips) einfpreed Tw4 Blotk Ties 8 ms ~ pe 19 2 UB 2B mM 2 6 2 Ww Ww 30 Center to Center Tie Spacing in Inches Figure 1-5. Bending Moment ~ elnforced Two-Block Ties AREMA Manual for Rallvay Engineering 2042.25Concrete Tes oe tin Inserts shall be arranged to distribute Ube load uniformly in the body ofthe tie and uhrough the rail bearing area. The rail support inset aball withstand a pllut fare of L2kips (534 KN) ee ‘Avice 129.19, Arcle 129.111 and Avice 12-13 lor design tots), SECTION 12.8 ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES 12.8.1 REQUIREMENTS (1990) Individual concrete castes for uso signal crea treks tet with ths fasonings should be electrically isolated from the running rails 0 8 o provide a misionam impede: f 20,000 ohn pete when sve energy (of 10 volts, 60 Hertz is applied (ee Article 12.81.14 for txt procedure) SECTION 12.9 TESTING OF MONOBLOCK TIES 12.9.1 DESIGN TEST OF MONOBLOCK TIES (1990) 8. Prior in approval of eoerote te designs, monoblock concreLe ties ofthe design under study shall be subjected to testing or eomplianes with these speifications. Th tests epee herein shall bo performed a esting acllitie approved bythe engineer. . From a lot of not lots than te tes produced in asoedance with thes apeciiclions, four tes wil be selected at random by the engineer for laboratory Lestng. Far design testing of Iastening, Lhe ‘manufactarer shall also furnish a section of Ue o a conere block wth ail eat ad ral atoning ‘system identical tothe eanerte tins furnished for testing, The te block and each of four ties submitted for testing shall le eareflly measured and examined to determine their compliance with the requirements of Section 12.2, Material and Section 12 Tie Dimensions, Configuration and Weight. Upon saistatory completion of this examination, th ie Black and two tes, which shall be known and identified at Te "1" and "2", shall be suhjectd to pe formamee ‘esta epeifed in Avice 129.14, Arile 128.15, Article 128.16, Ariel 12.91, Atilo 129.18, Article 129.19, Article 12.8.1.10, Article 12.8.1.11, Artiste 129.112, Article 12.04.19, amd ‘Article 1201.14. The remaining two Lies, which wil be known and enti Ties" and 4", wl be retained by the engineer fr further test use and aa eonteol for dimensicmal tolerances al sista ‘appearance of tes subsequently mannuactuted 12.8.1.1 Sequence of Design Tests (Tie “t") "The sequence of design porformance tests using Ti “1” aall be as follows: Rail Sea Vertical Lond Test (oseribod in Article 129.14), Shall be performed on one rail ea, hereinafter designated rail seat A 1, Gonter Negative Roving Moment Test (desribed in Asie 12.911.6) © Center Positive Rending Moment Test (deseribad in Avice 12.9.1. [AREMA Manual for Rallway Engineering sonarConcrete Tes Pom FEF sams Freie geese mm mien £ survonr PGATIVE MOMENT AT THE RAILSEAT AS REQUIRED IN ARTICLE 12.4.1 OR ARTICLE 12.5.1 Figure 1-7. Rall Seat Negative Moment Test Grow» 30762 ms TO $ TRACK Boe ts am a Sg see M = POSITIVE MOMENT AP‘THE RAIL SEAT AS REQUIRED IN ARTICLE 12.4. FOR PRESTRESSHD MONOBLOCK TIES OR ARTICLE 12.5.1 FOR TWO BLOCKT ‘Figure 1-8. Rall Seat Positive Moment Test AREMA Manual for Raliay Engineering 30.12.29Concrete Tes _ aot tics ¥28.1.0 Bond Development, Tondon Anchorage, and Ukimate Load Test ' Pretensioned conerte tos shal be tested for bond development, and ultimate strength os specified Delo (1) With th tie supported and landed oral oat As shown in Figure 1-8, ald increasing a a rate tot sreaies than & kips (kN) per minute shall be applied wll a ola loa of 1.5P is oened (che ood P shall be as determined in "Rall Sat Vertical Lad Test" for poslve moment), (2) there is no more than 0.001 ine (0.025 mm) tendon sppoge determine by an extensameter reading to Vigan ofan inch (Yana mm), the requirements ot thitest mil acebeor net tg ‘mensuroment shall be mado onthe outermost tendons of tho ler lage Tae ed eel Chon be ‘creased until ultimate faire ocours ent the maxim load ual shall be record, soon £m rrr i a i 26m am emcee bbe ite MOB EY cay Hor 86 mm) M = POSITIVE MOMENT AP THE CENTER OF THE-TIP AS REQUIRED IN ARTICLE 12:41 Pe Figure 1-10. Tie Center Positive Moment Test >. Pusbtensionedconereto tes shall be Lsted for tendon anchorage and ultimate strength as speci below: ith the i supported and loaded as shown in Figuye 18, «kad increasing ata ale not greater than ‘ips 22 KN) per minute shall he applied vat atta fad equa 1.5? iecblaine. Ifthe leeee arene Liston fr period of & minutes, the roquirements of Us test mill have len aes the ned ala De increased wail ultimate feiure ofthe te oecurs, ad the maxitm loud obtained shal be recone 1201.9 Fastening inert Test Fostening inserts shall be subjected to «pullout test and a tongue test as follows: AREMA Manual for Ra 04231Concrete Ties t } oP . toa i an 1 mo rt m1 i ny ‘BLEVATION ies a Meet kee! exp view 304293Concrete Tes loads sal he applied at an ange of 20 degrocs to the vertical axis of the rail a. rate not exceed 100 cycles per minute fr 3 million eyees, Th rail shall be ee to toate under the appli lads. One eels ‘hall eoesist ofboth x downward and an apward lad. The magnitadeof the par ha ball be O.6P Where Pi tho oa determined in paragraph a. Iapeeys are odo general Ue upward Toad the ovenvard lou! shall be 30 kips 130.5 KN) plus OE a double-eting hydraulic ram eee to generate both the upward and the downward los, the downward load shal he 30 kipe (E39 KN, This vepeate loa tes may generate heal in elastomeric ri scat pads Heal uild-yp in such pds must not be lowed to exceed 140 dogres F(7L degteus C Heat build-up ean be eanralled by redcng the "ate of lad aplication or by proving period of ret to allow extn a the pd to take pla 4 Rupture fila of any component of the fistening system shall constitute ature ofthis tt ' Forthistst, rtorguing of threaded elements suboaguent tothe enmpletion of 500,000 eyeles f Toad shall nat he permited wilhoul the wtllen approval of the engineer 129.1.42 Fastening Longitudinal Restraint Test Both before and ater the performance of the Fastening Repeated Land Toot, above, and without disturbing he ‘all faetening assembly in any manner other thao retorquing anche bola, the ie an fastening shall be subjected to longgtudinal restraint test. A longitudinal hl shall be applied ae shown in Pg FA fn inerements of 0.4 kipa (18 KN) with reading taken of tongiladinal rail dxglacement afl each increment. Readings ut rail iaplacement shall he tb average ofthe readings of to dal indeators reading Co hone an {inch (0.025 ra), one placod on each sido of the ral with plusgers parallel othe longitedina axe of rai. The ‘oad shall be applied ina diretioneoteiing with the longiuina! wx of the ra. The lat shal be inereased incrementally i end of 24 kip (10.7 KN) is reached. This ood shal be hed fr ol less than 1 anit, ‘Te rail shall noe move than 0.20 ine mm) dung the Bila nae per, and thor shall fs na mone ‘dunn 0.0 inch (0.25 mms) movement ofthe rail after th in minutos, he frtening all he spate ut ‘eting the requtcients of Us Ut in thor direction, IF Uns eter arene the te ad aston Ihave soeesflly passed this tsk 12.9..13 Lateral Load Restraint Test 1 With a suitable longth of now eal of te size tobe wed in the track affixed t the Le block in manner appropriate to the fasting bing used, tho entire assembly supported and land as shown in Figure 1-15. The bain he shag trast and roto, eon hor ale WO" 10°55 hic (204 19 mim) ply, exterior grado plywood. (1) A proto of 20 kis (8 42) i to be appiod tothe rail to sea the rai inthe fastening, Upon release ‘ofthe preload zero reding i oho taken on the dil indicator which measure ri ansltion Lund if to bo applied sta rate not to exceed 5 ip (22 KN) por inte watt either 4 kips 182 KN} Iias heen applied or the rail base has translated Y& ineh G.48 mm, whichever occurs Gre. Unability ‘ot the fastening Wo earry the 41 kip (182 KN nad with Vi inch 3.18 mn) ole oe translaion shall esuotitute fila ofthis nt. Complete Bailar of any comyunent of he tea fastening tease for esection (2) With ll oad romaved from the mil a roller neti plead between the ied nding head andthe wood block on the rail ead, Phe eller nes shall not offer resistance Co Iteral movement of th rail ud 1 AMlar taking zero reading on the dial indieators, which mesure gage widening and ei translation, load of 20.5 kips (90.2 kN) i tobe aplied a rat not Uo exe hips (22 KN) por mise, Rail oleion, ‘sage widening ls rail translation, geeater than Y/é inch (6:85 men) shall constitute failure of this est ARENA Manual for Railway Engineering gosz.asConcrete Tes P= 41 KIPS (182 kN) 1 DIAL GAGE FoR a READING GAGE 1 Pur. WIDENING WooDEN DIAL.GAGE FOR READING TRANSLATION. FEST BED Figure 1-15, Fastening Lateral Restraint Test 129.1.14 Electrical Impedance Test 8. Two short pisos ofa are affixed to Te 2 using te pad, fnlators and fastenings in a manner appropriate to the fastening system tobe used The complete assembly shall be immersed in water for # minimem of 6 hours Within 1 hour ater removal from water an ace 10-vll60-Hertz potential is applied eros the two rails {ora poviod of 15 mines. Ife rails ae rusty or ean wl ale, the contaet points must be cleaned. 44 Thocurrent flow in amperes is read using na ammeter and the impedence determined by diving the voltage (10) hy the current flow in amperes. © Ifthe ohmic impedance determine in paragraph ¢ exceeds 20,000 chins, th ti will have passed the test. Seen IREneeeneeerrere ARENA Manual for Rallway Engineering sorzarConcrete Tes —. err 1292.2 Additional Qualiy.Contol Tests ‘Toassure the production of eros tos and rail fastening which comply with these specifications, the manufacturer shall naitute whatever additional quality contra tests, inching concrete compressive strength {eats (toe Article 12.22), deemed neseauy 122.3 Fallure to Pass Production Gualily-Control Tests Should any test te ail th tsts required by Article 12.2.1, two adiiona is from thal same 200 lot al be tested, Inthe event either ofthese tes fails, 100% ofthe remainder of the 200. la shall he either tested ne ecto 129.24 Dispostion of Test Ties A tie racked (not structurally under Definition 19) and otherwise undamaged ater testing, will be considered ‘acceptable for use in rack unless non-structural eacks are spectcally reject hy Uheengiicer prior to testing 12.2.5 Bond Development or Tendon Anchorage Qualty-ContolT One ia sac t random from every 2,00 ies produced shal be wijsted Lo Le Hand Development or Tendon Anchorage Test dosered in Article 12.9.8. A load rate exeeeing 6 hips (22.25 KN) pt mie may bbe applied. Ifthe tie doesnot moot tho requirements of Arile 129,18 three additonal ties shall oe esd, ed ‘any of the three ties do not mec the requirements of Article 129.18, the entire lo may be reject atthe ‘option ofthe engineer 12.826 Location for Inspection and Quality-Controt Testing Quality-control eating of preduetion tos may be performed a any tea ay such fcitios at the ‘manufacturers plant, provided they meet the approval af the engincet. Testing; may he abwerve by the ‘engineer or his designated representative ithe aa elevts, Two copies of the roils fal uch Lat sal he submited to tho engineer within 7 days ofthe performance of tho Lest. SECTION 12.10 TESTING OF TWO-BLOCK TIES 12.10.1 DESIGN TESTS OF TWO-BLOCK TIES (1993) ‘4. Prior to approval of tworblack ie designs, coneree tis ofthe design under sty shall be subjete to testing for compliance vith these speafeations. The tests spesfed horein shal be performs Using facltes approved hy the engineer within 30 days of cating, bb. Prom fot of not loss than ten tis produevd in accordance with these speifcatons four ties will be selcted al andom by tho engineer for laboratory testing, For design testing of fasteners the snufeeturer shal also furnish aration ofthe te ora eanerete block with rail seat an ral fastening, system identical to the eonerete tis Furnished for tsting «©The te block snd each of tho four tas submitted for tasting shal be carefully measured an examined Lo determine their compliance withthe requirements of Section 12.2, Material and Section 12.3, Vie Dimensions, Configuration and Weight Upon sat his examination, the tie block and the two ties, which shall be known apd identified aa Ties "1" and 2", shal he sulted! Lo performance tests, The remaining two ties, which will be known snd identified as Ties “3 and“ |AREMA Manual for Railway Engineering 2012.99Concrote Tes ee 12.10.14 Rall Seal Positive Bending Moment Test ‘With i supported and loaded as shown in Figure 1.6, 9d increasing rate not greater than 5 ip (22 KN) per minute shall be applied unt the ead (P) raced to produce the speiid rail seat design positive moment from Artiele 125-1, is obtained Thin shal be eld for not les than 3 minutes, during which time an inspection shall be made to determine i structural eracking cecurs.Aniluminated S-power magnifying elas may he woe to locale rocks. structural cracking des not oneur oF (inthe ease of reinfoteed partially prestresud Le) era, widths do no exceed the widths speifed in Artilo 32.5.1 fo, the requiremonts ofthis ent wll have be mel 12.10.15 Ral Seat Negative Bending Moment Test With te support and teded as shown in Figure 17, slo increasing a arate not greater than 8 kips| (22 KN) per inate shall be applied ual Ue led () required ke prada the Speed rail seal design negative ‘moment trom Article 125.1, i obtained. This loud hall he held for not less than minutes duving which Une ‘an inspetion shall be mace to dotermine if structural racking osu. Istrctaral cracking dove nol nee oF {in the cae of reinforced or partially prestressed ties erack wide da not exceed he widths spi fn Article 1261.16, The requirements of Cis tat will have bsen mel. 1210.16 Center Negative Bending Moment Test With Tie 1 supported and landed as shoe in igue 1-16, fad increasing aa rato nol gente than 8 ips (22 AN por inate shal be applied nil Toad oT kip (49 KN} eausing a moment of eh hips (G2 kN) has been reached, [fatructeral cracking does Hol necur on the page fase athe backs and he defection a dhe enter of the ti doesnot exec 05 Inch 12.8 mn), the resqivement of hia Lt wil es et Continue loading ache same rato until and of 19) kip 6-5 KN) causing a moment af 8 ly Rn (10-7 KN is reached sd is hold for five minute Hf stricaral crackin das wl secu mth gage ens the blocks and the permanent deformation of ho tie bar recorded one minute aller Yad removal ea th Ya (6.35 mn, the quirement of hit est wil have heen mck 12.10.17 Center Positive Bending Moment Test ‘With Tie? supported and Toaded as shown in Figure 1-17, asd inereasng a rate nt preter than 6 hips 2 48) per minute sball be applied until s lead of 11 kips (49 KN) easing w momen of 8 inc ips (62 kN) has hen reached, If structural eracking dos not oecur on Une gage faces of Ue blocks and th ‘deflection at the eentorof the to doesnot exceed 0.5 ch (12.8 mi), the requirement of this lst wil have en mel. Continue lang al the same rato until load of 19 kip (4.5 KN) causing a moment of 98 nel kips (00.7 kN is eeached and is hold for five minutes, atrctural cracking dvos nol oceur on tho age faces of Use blocks and the permanent deformation of the te har recorded one minute aller lead removal fea than Va inch (6:35 mm), the requirement of thi est wll have been mit 12.10.48 Rail Seat Repeated-Load Test ‘With the tie supported and lode a shoen in Fare 1, excep that Mine (35 mm) thik plywnod strips shall be wubstituted forthe pads, one rai pat of he tie shall bo subjected ta 8 millon cycles of septa Joading with each cycle varying tniformly fom 4 Kips (17.8 KN} to the value (1. 1P)requited ta prestuce the specified ai seat postive bniling moment from Arties 12.5.1. 1 alle 9 milion ysl, the Ue ean suppord the ‘il sea Toad (11), the equieoments of tit lent wil have been mot —__ _ LL za ARENA Manual fr Railay Engineering soazatConcrete Ties ts 12.10.19 Rall Seat Overtoed and Utimate Load Test With the te supported and the othor rail sea loaded as shown in igure 1:8, «fond increasing a a rae not greater than 5 kips (22 kN) per minut shal he applied uni soln Toad of 1.750 e ubained the te can ‘support this lad fr period of not les than & minutes, the requirements of this test wil hae heen met. The Joo shall then be increased unl ultimate failure ofthe tie veers snd the waxinun le obtained shall be recorded, 12.10..10 Fastening taser Ts ‘The west procedure spediod in Article 128.14 aha be wie to determine tho acceptably of inserts 12.10:1.11 Fastening Uptit Test ‘The Fastening Uplift Test shall be porformed in two parts as speifiod in Article 1291.10a and b. 12.0. 12 Fastening Repeated-Load Test “The Fastoning Repeated - Lawl Toot shall bo performed ila Ariel 1291.11 ing Lhe Lest prostate specie in 12.10:1.19 Fastening Longitudinal Restraint Test Both bofore snd after the performance of Lhe Fastening Repested Lond Tost and without disturbing the eit ‘atening assembly in any manner other than etorging anchor bells, the te and lasting shall be aed toa Longitudinal Restraint Tee allowing the test procaine spected in Avice 121.12, 12.10..14 Fastening Lstral Restralt Test ‘The Lie and fastening shall be teste far Intralot Adie 1291.18 int following tho tat prosndira spied in 12.10.1.18 Electrical impedance Test ‘The tie and fostening shall be tested fr eletrcal conductivity following the ts. proeedre specified in Aticle 129.1.14, 12.10.1.16 Te Pad Test "The Tie Pad Test shall be perform following Uh Lest procedure spsified in Article 12.04.15, 12.102 PRODUCTION QUALITY CONTROL OF TWO-BLOCK TIES (1988) ‘Altera ti and rail fastening aystem have passed the tests in Article 1.10.1 and have heen approve by the ‘engine, further production of these items may proceed without Tarthor design tenting, During prudicton of| such an approved design, quality-control ests muat he performed to sasure a uniform high gusty produce 12.10.24 Daily Production Quality-Contol Tests ‘The fotlowing production quality-control tests shall be performed prior to delivery and within 30 days of ‘manufocture of one Ue elected at random from every 200 ties or fection thereat produced each da AREMA Manual for Ra 302.49Conctote Tes ts 12.11.1.4 Protection of Threaded Inserts 1 eastin place threaded inserts are included in Les, thny shal he protected against entry of water and foreign matter by means ofa plate cap, plug or other mile device approved hy the engin Capa ples hole Placed in position athe time of manufacture, lef in place during shipping aod vol remanes nil stennos ere fixed tthe tes, 12.11.2 HANDLING (1989) innecoosary handling, radistribution and relning uf eaerete tes should be avotde "ty Uhe extent practical, ties should he distributed in proper postion for use withoul Further handling, They shall he nlonded omens ‘manner that will no damage the Los. Tn no case shal tes be dropped rom ate on a to the roadbed, 12.11.38 PLACEMENT AND INITIAL ROADBED SUPPORT (1988) 'nnnow construction care must be taken to insure that sl ecru cross tos are uniformly supported on the roadbed and that no cxnter-binding conditions devlop pric to bllasting and taming If theceteade condition indicates that there is inadequate or non-uniform support fr the tes hafon placement balas, ‘nininmam layer of 3 inches (7622 mm) of ballast shouldbe placed leveled andl sompacte befor plement ot ‘es. Ties shall be installed aright angles to the conta of tral at Une designed pacin prion ta all installatn, 12.11.4 PLACEMENT OF RAIL AND FASTENINGS IN NEW CONSTRUCTION (1988) 1241441 Te Pads Rail seats shouldbe clean and tes properly positioned prior Lo plasement of pada, Pls should accurately Positioned and contted onthe ral et, 12.11.42 Rall ail must nat be dropped into place, Where continuous welded ils tobe used, the use nares ‘ecominended to facia ita unloing and reduce tho Fsk of dislorang ie and Lie ps, Kail shell not be ‘brought into contact withthe ti ends during installation, Whese rll healers are used care should he token to prevent damage to pads and insulator 12.11.43 Joints "joint rails Lobe used (ne Astico 12.16.) special fastenings way requved within juin bar Himita, Care must be exerci fo aoe that such fastenings are clearly distinguishable and urdered tn tho proper ananint Care should aso be taken to soe thatthe etualjunetre af two rails des na nests dirty one aun 12.11 4a Festenings ‘Whore more than one type of festening, such a gage and il fastenings a special jo lasing, ave bo he wed they shall be clearly marked to avid eoafusion and avoid dfficuns daring Uetrdistetoatog ea ‘application. Fastening shal be applied in the manner appropriate to theie design and approved by there ‘manfactrer If threaded fasteners ar used, th shank athe serew shal le dipped in patrlatns been sscombly 12.1145 Contosion Protection 4m corrosive environments, consideration should bo given to protecting the external components of fst [ANEMIA Manual for Ralway Engineering 30.12.85Concrete Tee io ts }b. “Ties may be aronted in fanned layout per Figure 1-18, View Hin which cae al Uh turnout ies may hh used fr left hand right an oF equlateral Lents, Th ‘which must be produced and stocked, bul Use promote cael the fanned lsyout are cotulderably more complex srately eee the fastening ia Toborinatis Figure 1-18. Tie Ortentation AREMA Manual for Railay Engineering 0247Concrete Ties 12.13.32 Minimum Depth ‘he minimum design depth ofthe turnout ie is governed hy tho design bending momenta in Article 12.115, Satisfactory performance has been ained with tie greater than 8 ince (210 mm) in depth Jou Figure 1-20. Ties in Crossovers [ARENA Manual for Raiway Engineeting 042.49Concrete Tes Some mechanial eawipment may be snablo topper it and moras the incre weight oPeoncrato ‘es in armouts, and aieistance with hand jacks may be needed. Also, some mechanical equipment may ‘not be capable oor may not he et up Co tamp ties more than 8 inches (208 mia deep, and this may ‘use spalling on the edges of tes, Bavipment wilh suficint reach mast he used to trace emerels ‘nino ties Tho xtre length, and aifnes of concrete turnout tis aes a large inerease in vertical truck model, Is rocommonded that concret track ties be used tthe thre entrance points ta enneret in trmot, ‘0 thatthe dhango in track modlus ia minimized. 12.13.7 TOLERANCES (1993) 1213.74 Comber Vortialeumbor inthe ties tay be necessary to check th i should not execed You uf the ties lonath. In some manufacturing metho, {he horizontal eamber dons nut exeood ths valve as wel 12137.2 Fastenings Cast.in inserts and shoulders for fastening systems shouldbe located within -Yie inc (1.6 mn) of Ue pusition ‘shown onthe drawing, Angular tolerance should be within 0. degree ofthe rotation specified 12.1373 Te Spacing ‘Ves shouldbe spaced within = inch (6 ma) of the accumulated distance from the pint of snitch ‘COMMENTARY (1993) "The purpose of this part eo Garnish the technical explana ‘mumboring of Articles ofthis Section, the numbors after the explained of various Articles in Chapter 30. Inthe correspond tothe Sectiow/Artile being C- SECTION 12.4 FLEXURAL STRENGTH OF PRESTRESSED MONOBLOCK TIES. ‘Monobock ti ae stiff structural members that are loaded by the rls from the tp and ate suppontd on Lhe ballast a the holéom. The lads applied atthe top combined with the support reaetions a the baton wi produce flexure inthe tes, Maximum Mesure occurs atthe ral seats and a the een Plexi is influcncod hy numberof factors dieussod in Section 12.1, Genoral Cnieralions ©- WHEEL LoaDs In onder to give salistactory sorview a prestressed monablock conerete Lie should he capable of withstanding without eraking the maxim loads ikely to be ft in servo, C- RAIL SEAT LOAD ‘4 The rll pet load i that load transmitid by rail to the vil eat of Uke ie, In order to determine the ral sta Hoa, a maximum axle laod of 82 kips (65 KN was chosen. Therefore, using a distribution fete of AREMA Manual fr Railway Engineering s0.12.81Concrete Tes ts | Mininnuon sities and specie deletion without damage roquinemonts have therefore heen mado 0 prt of these specifications, C- SECTION 12.6 LONGITUDINAL RAIL RESTRAINT Kail must be restrained to avoid excessive logitusinal movement. tonituinal movement of rail ean bo induced by temperature change andr traffic In practi, fascenersn ies with 2 inches (B10 mn) opacing roving a longitudinal restraint of 24 kips (10-7 KN) porte per ral fr longitudinal movements due to {temperature and traffic induced loads have proved salisfaetor. In som eae rate nde lena may ses siaiional restr. (C- SECTION 12.7 LATERAL RAIL RESTRAINT ‘Truck instability may occur inthe wheokrail Interface du to exceasive forces inlerocing between the wheel tnd eal in the teal direction, These atral frees ted a cause wheel flanges to imi Une ge aide of te rail when there is excessive lateral lange pressure in roatin do acloal vertical ln. These Leva pressures ste enusod hy one mae of Uh following conditions + Newing oF ng of truck assemblies at repetitive frequency + Contetgal foes on curved track * Impact due to ireyular whet andor ral ln ent oF contigaratin, * Rotational nceleraton of the vehicle buy de to curvature eng. + Wheel friction from eurve negotiation, C- LATERAL FORCES 4 Arational determination of lateral forco requirements ontrack fastenings would he to develop nteral and overturning reactions inthe base to the dagroe thatthe whoa Mages wil elim he til tue tho ‘il would overturn, "This init may be determined by considering the rate of lleva force ta vertical Toad necossary to cause ange cimbing ', Studies made show that a ratio of vertical loads (,) to lateral forces) approaching unity will permit the whee! Manges to climb thera, Therefore, using verti! wheel lade of 5 ke CTBG KN poerate by _high-horsepower tle Teennotive a desig rir or maxim weetiel long tPs), then we ould ‘expect a maxim Iatoal pressure (Pp to also bei tbe onder of ka (166 BND. Consequently ‘consideration of the individ atoral Faces referred to in Section 12. Lateral Rall Restratt need not be considered since Inara frees grater than 35 kips (166 KN) would cause wher eli, C- LATERAL FORCE DISTRIBUTION 8, Reference Figura 1-1 covering the disteibution of vertical loads to tics indicates tha tho tic directly lunderthe los will oeve rom 45% [20 inches (510 mim) eenters| fo 140 inch (0 a eons ofthe impused vertia! lol while adjacent ties wil each rcsive approximately one hal ofthe balance ‘Thi distribution of loading is function ofthe rigity ofthe track strucluee, which i greatest about the horizontal axe el ARMA Manual for allway Engineering 30-1253“American alway Enginaoing ans ‘Matntenance-of Way Aesod Glossary! — 1980 — ‘Tho flowing terms are used in Chapter 30 Pies an pact here in alphabetical onde for your convenience Absorption Amount of preservative taken up hy oF fore inte, timber during treatment, Generally expressed as gllons| per eubie oot o gallons par eros ie ae pounds per cubic fot, Absorption, Gross ‘Total amount of prose tivo injected into woad during the treating operation Absorption, initial ‘The amount of preservative absorb by tho wood while the retort sa almonpherie pressure, Absorption, Net "Tho amount of preserva of in the wood after completion ofthe treating operation, Air, nitial ‘Compressed sir forced into the wacd in a tenting cylinder jut prio to the introduction of the preservative and maintained a the desired pressure dueing tho filling of the eylndr, Anthracene Oi! ‘A dlstitlate tom cat tr, distilling botwoon 270 degrees Cand 400 degrees C. Sometimes cll “yroon ot” or dead ol” Anti-Splitting Device ‘Any device applied tothe end or nour the end of te or timer such as an antisplitting iron, dowel or nil plate bo reduce its splitting Bethell Process allel pressure treatment of wood with any preservative solution in whieh initial vacuum is applied prior to preservative introduction into the elinder Bored ‘A io which as had hole fr apes oF for increased penetration of tho preservative provided hy passage Unrough « machine designed for the purpose —————— ‘Tass AnarcmatanyEngnonny ot Manin stay Reson wetGlossary $$$ Displacement In woo preserving, the volume of wood ine charge as determined by roaming Ue volume of lig Aisplced by the wood in the eylinder Distillation ‘The proces of separating crosola, tr or potrloum into “actions” having diferent holing temperature ranges. The material to be ditiled i placed ina diiling Monk, th Cemaporature gradeely ra a ‘vapors given off at various temperature changes are condensed a ollie separately Emply Celt ‘A treatment in which the coll walls in the treated portion ofthe wrad remain cated with prosrvative, the ‘lla bing empty or only partially fle, Fastening ‘Acomponent or group of components ofa track syatom which affixes the ral othe eos tes, Flexure Strength oaistonce to bending. Full Cell ‘A tecatment in which the cells in the treated potion of the wood remain either partially or exmplotaly Filled with preservative. Fungi low forms of plant if without roots, nlm, or loaves, which coin na chlorophyll and vive nou Thom anganie won matt Grooved ‘A.eross te which as hed machine gouged depressions seroesita top into which ribs onthe bottam of is plate may ft Grouping Sorting forest products into groups according to thei species, sapwood content, size, strength, and reatahiy, Hardwood ‘One ofthe group of trves deciduows) which have broad leave, The frm has no referee te the hardness of he wood Heartwood Inner core ofthe tree Lrunk comprising the anna rng containing non lvingelement: usually Haver in calor a sapwcnd Heartwood Tie Ath with sapwoed no wider than one-fourth the width of the top of Une Ge het icon 20 jn 0.8 crane 40 in {103.6 em) From the middle of the te ——————EO ABEMA Manual for Ratlway EngineeringGlossary Prestressed Tie ‘A Gc ullsing procompreased concrete and prestressing tendons Prestressed-Reinforced Tie ‘A reinforced concrete tie which, in addition to Longitadina reinforcing see, ses prestressing tendons to ‘sist bending but in which tension extonding the modulus of rupture of Use concrete may acer inthe preeompreszd concrete und desig lads, Irerachs do occur, tho resulting crak widths fo nck exceed Specie values. Prestressing Tendon ‘strand, wite or har designod Wo precompress the eonerele Pretensioned Concrete Tie ‘A prestrossed eunereto tio ung pretension tendons to precumpress coment, Pretensioning Tendon ‘Stee strands, wires or bars which are stressed prior tothe placement nf eoncrte Rail Seat “The area ofa tieon which Reinforced Concrete Tie ‘Ain reinforced with deformed steel bars, welded wire Fabre, daira wire, or bar or ux malsand nom procompressed ennerete Reinforcement or Reinforcing Stee! ‘Steal, excluding prestressing Londons, fatrodaced within a concrete tie to improve ia structural strength, ‘and ts conteal dfletion and erneing Residue “Thal portion ofan oll or tar which remains in the Has on completion of the disillation test, (See AREMA fest meted Retention, Final ‘See Absorption. Net Ruoping Process ‘An empty ell proces for treating with ereosto in which the fellowing sequence in employe: Comproesed firsevindor Fld without reducing praavure;prorouro held sail required whsoption is ebtained Bal ‘Sample Thiet Apparatus for taking samples of preservatives from tanks or other containers, Sapwood ‘Outer ayers of growth in a tre, exclusive of har, which contain than heartwood in clomonts; usually lighter i color —— [AREMA Manual for Raliway Engineering 005Treating Pressure ‘Amount of pressure ued in injecting the preservative into wood, usually expresmed as pounds pe agua: inch Treatment ‘Actor manner of treating; lso Une quantity of preservative specifi or uso, as “Mh trative Treatment to Refusal ‘Twwatment of timber by presnure until absorpton of preservative pracially coms during Ue pressure Vacuum, Final ‘Vacuum applied as the final operation in the trating proces sel Ko a in th vomova of sepa preservaive injrted and in drying the ine, Vacuum, intial ‘Vacuum applied to wood hefare injesting the prasorvaive in pressure trstinent, Vapor Drying Seasoning wood atiiilly by eubjecting it to the heated vapors of hydrocarbon eils.and solvents in closed chambers, Vertical Load ‘Aload or eompanent of e lad a right angles toa line joining the (wo rail seats of Uh ie and nora the longitudinal axe the al Volumetric ‘A ratio of the volume of prasarvative solution absorbed tn the ata volume of the Lint Water Gas Tar ‘Tae produced inthe manufactur of earburettel water-ens hy the decompes the proseneo of blue ges. om of petroleum oi iy heat in Weight Units ‘Tormage refers to US. units of measure where 1 ton = 2.00 pounds, oF where I tanne = 1000 Klograns ‘Wood Preserving "The al and science of protecting timber against Une action of destrvetive agent. Usually refers to the ‘runtment of wood with matortals whieh prevent the attack of Fung, termites, marine borer i, Se, Zone Ratio ato of the volume oa zone to the entire volume ofthe material Being samples, Zone Sample ‘Acample taken from any desired depth or zone in «tank ie tank ear or treating tank Sea an an po ATTA RT AREMA Manual for Railway Engineering mer